南京市住房困难人群职住关系及影响因素分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.12.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Job-housing relationship is not only a reflection of urban residents' daily activities, but also an important criterion for assessing the quality of urban spatial layout. Since the economic reform of China in 1978, the original system of jobs and housing allocation has undergone considerable changes. Along with economic development and industrial upgrading, suburbanization process of manufacturing industry has taken place. Because of the reform of housing system and the suburbanization of industries in China, urban residents suffer from the impact of spatial mismatch between residence and work. Newly-employed college graduates, migrant workers, and low- and middle-income people often face the problem of unequal housing opportunities as well as unique problems in job-housing relationship. In order to investigate the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties, this study took 873 questionnaires in Nanjing City and analyzed the job-housing characteristics of people with housing difficulties. A two-step clustering method was employed to examine commuting flow pattern. After clustering, multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to explore the impact factors of commuting time and method. Finally, Gulou District was used as a case to analyze the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties. The results show that newly-employed college graduates mainly commute within the inner city. Their commuting time is the shortest among the three groups of people with housing difficulties. Their job-housing relationship is affected by commuter flow and work unit. Migrant workers mainly commute outside the inner city. They have the lowest level of commuter motorization. Their job-housing relationship is significantly affected by commuter flow, work unit, and gender. Low- and middle-income people mainly commute outside the inner city, with the highest level of separation of work and residence. Their job-housing relationship is mainly affected by the type of housing. The case of Gulou District further shows that the main characteristics of the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties are that newly-employed college graduates prioritize traffic condition considerations, migrant workers prioritize consideration of location of workplace, and low- and middle-income people prioritize consideration of location of residence.

Key words: job-housing relationship, housing difficulties, multinomial Logistic regression, Nanjing City,China

WU Xianghua, CHEN Xinyu, YUAN Feng. Job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties and influencing factors in Nanjing City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(12): 1890-1902.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.3

Tab.3

Tab.4

Logistic regression results of factors affecting job-housing relationship"

自变量	所有样本				新就业大学生				外来务工人员				中低收入人群
	通勤时间	通勤方式^a			通勤时间	通勤方式			通勤时间	通勤方式			通勤时间	通勤方式
	通勤时间	A	B	A	通勤时间		B	A	通勤时间	B		A	通勤时间	B
常数
10 min内	0.21^***				0.17^***				0.14^***				0.57
10~30 min	2.19^***				2.98^**				1.74				4.90^**
30~60 min	19.47^***				28.42^***				23.13^***				40.70^***
人群类别(新就业大学生为参考)
外来务工人员	1.62^**	0.63^*	1.42
中低收入人群	2.07^***	1.13	2.69^**
性别(女性为参考)
男性	1.21	1.64^***	1.06		0.96	1.47	0.83		1.12	1.92^**	1.80		1.37	1.44	1.25
婚姻状况(未婚为参考)
已婚	0.80	1.09	1.24		0.58	0.76	3.49		0.65	0.84	0.26^**		1.17	1.84	5.62
离异或丧偶	0.39^**	0.65	0.54		-	-	-		0.29^*	0.63	0.19		1.03	1.30	1.81
工作单位(国有经济单位为参考)
合资及股份经济单位	0.86	0.89	0.83		1.52	1.01	0.90		0.38^**	0.22^**	0.25		2.12	4.61^**	2.63
个体或私营企业	0.61^**	0.44^***	0.20^***		0.94	0.42^**	0.10^***		0.49^*	0.29^**	0.14^**		1.26	1.52	1.11
其他	0.87	0.47^**	0.47		2.31	0.71	0.45		0.73	0.20^**	1.00		1.32	1.93	1.24
通勤流向(内部通勤为参考)
内向通勤	3.05^***	5.69^***	2.83^**		0.99	3.31^**	1.45		18.69^***	30.70^***	84.10^***		4.41^***	4.03^*	0.40
逆向通勤	2.75^***	0.57	3.04^**		1.91	0.67	8.62^***		18.46^***	0^b	20.62^**		1.55	0.46	0.56
侧向通勤	1.16	1.62^***	0.85		0.44^***	1.35	0.97		2.84^***	3.48^***	4.68^**		1.73^*	0.99	0.50
学历(大专为参考)
大专以下					0.14^***	0.58	0^b
本科					1.53	1.36	3.95
本科以上					1.461	1.40	3.98
住房类型(单位宿舍为参考)
商品房													0.83	0.85	0^b
保障房													2.63^**	1.54	0.55
拆迁安置房													1.96^*	1.56	0.66
租赁私人房屋													0.77	1.02	0.05
样本数量
Cox和Snell R²	0.066	0.137			0.132	0.170			0.197	0.286			0.129	0.206
Nagelkerke R²	0.073	0.162			0.148	0.205			0.217	0.339			0.141	0.240

Tab.4

Fig.4

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变量	样本数	百分比/%	通勤时间/min	变量	样本数	百分比/%	通勤时间/min
人群类别				工作单位
新就业大学生	340	38.9	39.0	国有经济单位	128	14.7	45.8
外来务工人员	280	32.1	40.7	合资及股份经济单位	275	31.5	41.5
中低收入人群	253	29.0	44.1	个体或私营企业	411	47.1	38.8
性别				其他	59	6.8	42.8
男	515	59.0	42.2	通勤流向
女	358	41.0	39.3	内部通勤	377	43.2	39.0
婚姻状况				内向通勤	94	10.8	52.7
未婚	394	45.1	40.2	逆向通勤	29	3.3	49.0
已婚	455	52.1	41.9	侧向通勤	373	42.7	39.5
离异或丧偶	24	2.8	37.1

通勤流向模式	住房困难人群
	总体		新就业大学生		外来务工人员		中低收入居民
	样本量	比例/%	样本量	比例/%	样本量	比例/%	样本量	比例/%
内部通勤(主城区—主城区)	377	43.2	194	57.1	95	33.9	88	34.8
内向通勤(远城区—主城区)	94	10.8	39	11.5	30	10.7	25	9.9
逆向通勤(主城区—远城区)	29	3.3	15	4.4	4	1.4	10	4.0
侧向通勤(远城区—远城区)	373	42.7	92	27.1	151	53.9	130	51.4

Job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties and influencing factors in Nanjing City

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行政区	问卷发放地点数/个				有效样本数/份
行政区	保障性住房小区	产业园区	招聘市场	车站	新就业大学生	外来务工人员	中低收入人群	总计
鼓楼	9	4	2		104	75	43	222
建邺	3				12	5	26	43
栖霞	3	1	1		27	23	19	69
秦淮	2	1	1		22	16	21	59
玄武	3	3		1	49	31	20	100
雨花台	6	2	1	2	55	58	34	147
江宁	8	2	1	1	57	55	60	172
浦口	2	1		1	14	17	30	61
合计	36	14	6	5	340	280	253	873
占比					38.9%	32.1%	29.0%	100%

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