乡村生产空间系统要素构成及运行机制研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.11.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Rural production spatial system is a typical human-earth system, which has the characteristics of dissipative structure. Guided by the system theory and following the basic methods of system science, this study theoretically analyzed the connotation and elements of rural production spatial system, and divided the evolution process of rural production spatial system around the transformation of rural production relations. On this basis, it clarified the operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system. The study found that rural production spatial system is mainly composed of four sets of elements: basic elements (resources, environment, and infrastructure), core elements (multiple stakeholders and rural culture), driving elements (capital, technology, information, and market) and management elements (institutions and policies). According to the patterns of rural production relation change, economic system change, and urban-rural relationship change, the evolution process of rural production spatial system after the founding of the People's Republic of China was divided into four periods: land reform movement, agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation movement, people's commune movement, and household responsibility system. In different periods, the elements of rural production spatial system and their interrelated ways varied, and the characteristics of rural production spatial system are different. Rural production spatial system promotes its operation and development through supporting and restraining mechanisms, competition and cooperation mechanisms, and regulatory and feedback mechanisms. Future research will focus on examining the operation status of rural production spatial system, and diagnosing the dynamic mechanisms or obstacles of the system operation from the perspective of factor function, structural relationship, and coordination.

Key words: rural production spatial system, elements, evolution process, operation mechanism

ZHOU Mingming, WANG Cheng. Elements and operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(11): 1655-1664.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1

Tab.1

Evolution process of rural production spatial system"

发展时期	发展阶段	土地制度	经济体制	城乡关系	农业经营主体	农村产业结构	农业政策导向
土地改革运动时期(1949—1952年)	—	农民所有、农民经营	计划经济	城乡互助互惠,商品、资金和劳动力等生产要素可以自由流动	农户	以种植业为主的单一产业结构形态	耕者有其田,农业自给自足
农业互助合作运动时期(1953—1957年)	—	集体所有、集体经营	计划经济	限制农村劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素向城市流动,城乡二元结构初步形成	农业合作社	以种植业为主的单一产业结构形态	统购统销,为工业化提供资本积累
人民公社化运动时期(1958—1977年)	—	集体所有、集体经营	计划经济	城乡分割的二元户籍制度确立,城乡二元结构固化,城乡差距趋高	人民公社	以种植业为主的单一产业结构形态	一大二公,进一步为工业化奠定基础
家庭联产承包责任制时期(1978年至今)	第一阶段 (1978—1991年)	集体所有、农户自主经营	计划、市场双轨制	城乡二元关系缓和,城乡要素、产品流通逐渐频繁	农户、乡镇企业	农、林、牧、副、渔并举,农村第二、三产业开始涌现	高产,农业市场化
	第二阶段 (1992—2002年)	集体所有、农户自主经营为主	市场经济	城乡发展不对等,城市化迅速推进,乡村发展滞后	农户为主,沿海少数地区开始出现专业大户、家庭农场等新型经营主体	第一产业为主,第二、三产业快速发展	高产、优质、高效
	第三阶段 (2003—2011年)	集体所有、多元经营	市场经济	城乡统筹发展	农户、专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社、农业企业等多元经营主体并存	三产同步	保农、增收、减负,实现农业农村全面发展
	第四阶段 (2012年至今)	集体所有、多元经营	市场经济	城乡融合发展	多元分化加速、新型农业经营体系开始萌芽	三产融合	乡村全面振兴,农业强、农村美、农民富

Tab.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

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Elements and operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system

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