企业出口产品多元化模式与地方产品结构

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.10.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, Chinese firms have increasingly adopted product diversification as an important strategy. Existing literature concentrates on the internal factors and does not pay much attention to the external factors of product diversification of firms. This study used Chinese custom data and a Tobit model to investigate the influence of local related and unrelated product diversity on firms' export diversification strategy. The results show that: 1) Local related and unrelated product diversity has an impact on firms' export diversification strategy. Specifically, firms located in local systems dominated by unrelated product variety are more likely to show unrelated diversification patterns, while firms located in local systems dominated by related product variety are more likely to show related diversification patterns. 2) Due to the different sources of technological knowledge, the product diversification patterns of firms that belong to different industries are affected by local industrial structure differently. For example, firms belonging to footwear manufacturing industry are more likely to depend on the acquisition of local external resources and show a closer relationship with the pattern of diversification at the local level than transportation equipment manufacturers. 3) There is also a closer relationship between the diversification patterns of Chinese firms and the pattern observed in the local system than international firms. It reflects the difference in performance between Chinese and international firms. Chinese firms are closely related to the surrounding firms, while international firms may not have strong ability to acquire local external knowledge. According to the above results, Chinese government should promote industrial agglomeration and attract foreign firms by preferential policies and improved infrastructure, at the same time, give more support to domestic firms and improve the knowledge spillover benefits.

Key words: product diversification, related diversification, unrelated diversification, local product structure, China

JIN Wenwan,ZHU Shengjun,YAO Xiaoming. Firm export diversification and local product diversity[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(10): 1545-1557.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 44

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解释维度	变量	定义	数据来源
本地集聚变量	Uvariety	地级市水平上产品的不相关多元化程度	中国海关贸易数据库
本地集聚变量	Rvariety	地级市水平上产品的相关多元化程度	中国海关贸易数据库
企业层面控制变量	supplier-dominated	供应商主导型产业部门,技术来源主要是供应商提供的原材料	Pavitt部门分类
	scale-intensive	规模集约型产业部门,技术来源主要是企业内部和供应商	Pavitt部门分类
	science-based	科学基础型产业部门,技术来源主要是企业内部和供应商	Pavitt部门分类
	specialized-suppliers	专业供应商型产业部门,技术来源主要是企业内部和客户需求	Pavitt部门分类
	SOE/PE/FE	国有企业(SOE);私营企业(PE);外资企业包括外商独资企业、中外合资企业和中外合作企业(FE)	中国海关贸易数据库
	ln export-value	企业总出口额的对数值,刻画企业规模	中国海关贸易数据库
	N	企业出口产品的种类（HS2位数）	中国海关贸易数据库
地方层面控制变量	ln population₂₀₁₂	地级市人口数,刻画地方系统规模	中国统计年鉴
	Capital	是否位于省会或直辖市	中国统计年鉴
	Inlandport	是否位于内陆港口城市	中国港口年鉴
	Coastport	是否位于沿海港口城市	中国港口年鉴
	East/Middle/West	东、中、西地理变量,反应地区间基础设施差异性	中国统计年鉴

变量	观测个数	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
E_R	174535	0.34	0.40	0	2.95
E_U	174535	0.51	0.57	0	3.41
Rvariety	174535	1.61	0.41	0	2.14
Uvariety	174535	2.40	0.49	0	3.15
ln population₂₀₁₂	174535	6.29	0.65	3.15	8.11
ln export-value	174535	13.60	2.16	1.10	24.02
N	174535	4.98	6.70	1	66

回归方法：Tobit	不相关多元化(E_U)		相关多元化(E_R)
回归方法：Tobit	系数	t值	系数	t值
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	0.026^***	8.25	-0.031^***	-8.79
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.032^***	8.62	0.032^***	7.98
ln population₂₀₁₂	0.003	1.16	0.029^***	9.23
ln export-value	-0.050^***	-102.19	0.025^***	45.48
N	0.072^***	459.20	0.024^***	137.66
Capital	0.019^***	5.09	0.015^***	3.73
Inlandport	-0.003	-0.62	0.032^***	6.28
Coastport	0.025^***	7.06	0.028^***	7.17
supplier-dominated	-0.013	-1.14	-0.098^***	-7.63
science-based	-0.19^***	-14.79	0.11^***	7.54
specialized-suppliers	-0.24^***	-3.18	-0.034	-0.39
scale-intensive	—	—	—	—
East	-0.015	-1.18	-0.054^***	-3.86
West	0.16^***	7.83	0.10^***	4.50
Central	—	—	—	—
SOE	0.043^***	6.57	0.077^***	10.83
PE	0.032^***	13.49	0.061^***	23.06
FE	—	—	—	—
区域控制	控制		控制
产业控制	控制		控制
观测个数	174535		174535
R²	0.47		0.184

回归方法：Tobit	交通运输设备(HS86~HS89)					鞋帽(HS64~HS67)
	不相关多元化(E_U)		相关多元化(E_R)			不相关多元化(E_U)		相关多元化(E_R)
	系数	t值	系数	t值	系数		t值	系数	t值
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	-0.038^**	-2.43	-0.047^**	-3.01		0.098^***	4.71	-0.063^***	-4.37
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.028	1.57	0.082^***	4.47		0.053^*	1.89	0.040^*	1.90
ln population₂₀₁₂	0.025	1.64	0.024	1.57		-0.081^***	-4.60	0.073^***	5.70
ln export-value	-0.072^***	-31.09	0.0087^***	3.63		-0.056^***	-14.80	0.049^***	17.66
N	0.069^***	87.19	0.035^***	45.22		0.075^***	108.43	0.014^***	27.88
Capital	0.052^**	3.01	0.034^**	1.98		0.037	1.57	-0.081^***	-4.69
Inlandport	0.025	1.15	-0.097^***	-4.46		0.021	0.66	0.090^***	3.80
Coastport	0.085^***	5.27	-0.12^***	-7.05		0.084^***	3.21	0.032^*	1.69
East	-0.050	-0.93	-0.082	-1.52		-0.14	-1.49	-0.14^**	-2.13
West	0.14^*	1.75	0.23^***	2.97		0.35^**	2.31	0.088	0.76
Central	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—
SOE	-0.049^**	-2.09	0.11^***	4.60		0.25^***	5.11	-0.016	0.45
PE	0.056^***	4.99	0.13^***	11.06		0.11^***	6.36	0.047^***	3.71
FE	—	—	—	—		—	—	—	—
区域控制	控制		控制			控制		控制
产业控制	控制		控制			控制		控制
观测个数	7546		7546			5967		5967
R²	0.446		0.265			0.516		0.366

回归方法：Tobit	模型1		模型2		模型3
回归方法：Tobit	E_U	E_R	E_U	E_R	E_U	E_R
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	0.030^***	-0.038^***
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.028^***	0.032^***
Uvariety₂₀₁₂			0.026^***	-0.026^***
(内资企业)			0.026^***	-0.026^***
Rvariety₂₀₁₂			0.027^***	0.055^***
(内资企业)			0.027^***	0.055^***
Uvariety₂₀₁₂					0.026^***	-0.021^***
(外资企业)					0.026^***	-0.021^***
Rvariety₂₀₁₂					0.020^***	0.023^***
(外资企业)					0.020^***	0.023^***
控制变量	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
观测个数	133905	133905	133905	133905	133742	133742
R²	0.481	0.192	0.480	0.193	0.480	0.192

Firm export diversification and local product diversity

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