居住区环境与噪音污染对居民心理健康的影响——以北京为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.07.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Mental health has become one of the main health challenges that urban residents are facing in today's society. Previous research has proven that neighborhood built and social environments can influence mental health. However, related research was mainly focused on Western developed countries. Furthermore, previous research paid little attention to noise pollution and failed to consider the influences of neighborhood environment and noise pollution together. This may be one of the reasons that the results of previous research are inconsistent. Based on the health survey data of urban residents conducted in 2017 in 26 communities in Beijing, this study used a multilevel Logistic model to investigate the relationships between neighborhood environment (including built environment and social environment) and perceived noise pollution from various sources (including road traffic noise, railway and subway noise, store and restaurant noise, and housing renovation noise) and residents' mental health. The results show that residents' mental health is significantly affected by both the neighborhood environment and noise pollution level. As for neighborhood built environment, distance to main roads, which indicates traffic volume, as well as accessibility to health services and sports and recreational facilities, are significantly correlated with mental health. However, distance to public parks shows no significant relationship with residents' mental health. According to previous research, accessibility to parks is not equal to the actual use of them, and the latter relates to mental health more directly. In terms of neighborhood social environment, consistent with previous research, the number of greeting neighbors is positively correlated with mental health. Besides, neighborhood satisfaction also shows positive and significant association with mental health. The result suggests that it is necessary to promote community belongingness, neighborhood satisfaction, and social networks of residents through a variety of community activities and campaigns, in order to maintain mental health. Perception of trust and safety of neighborhoods show no significant association with mental health. Finally, housing renovation noise shows significant relationship with mental health, while other noise sources like road traffic, railways and subways, and stores and restaurants show no significant association with mental health. This result indicates that housing renovation noise has become the main source of noise affecting the mental health of Beijing residents, and it also reflects the rapid urban transition and large-scale mobility that happened in Beijing. Compared with previous research, this study combined neighborhood built and social environments as well as different sources of noise pollution to give a more comprehensive understanding on their influences on residents' mental health. This article also tried to explain the results in the context of rapid urban transition in China and to enrich the research findings for developing countries. However, there are still many areas in which more research is needed.

Key words: neighborhood environment, noise pollution, self-reported mental health, multilevel model, Beijing

Chunjiang LI, Jing MA, Yanwei CHAI, Mei-Po KWAN. Influence of neighborhood environment and noise pollution on residents’ mental health in Beijing[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(7): 1103-1110.

Figures/Tables 5

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Tab.2

References 33

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变量	取值说明	均值
性别	0=女性,1=男性	0.50
年龄	连续变量	45.67
家庭月收入(元)	连续变量	12167
教育程度
小学及初中	0=否,1=是	0.17
高中或中专	0=否,1=是	0.30
本科及以上	0=否,1=是	0.53
就业状况	0=无工作,1=有工作	0.61
婚姻状况	0=非婚姻状态,1=已婚	0.85
户口状况	0=外来人口,1=本地人口	0.72
房屋产权	0=未持有产权,1=持有产权	0.74
感知居住区很安全	1=完全不符合,2=比较不符合,3=一般,4=比较符合,5=完全符合	3.77
感知居住区邻居之间相互信赖程度	1=完全不符合,2=比较不符合,3=一般,4=比较符合,5=完全符合	3.56
经常见面打招呼的邻居人数	连续变量	17
居住区满意度	1=非常不满意,2=比较不满意,3=一般,4=比较满意,5=非常满意	3.80

变量	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4
个人及家庭社会经济属性
性别(以女性为参照)	0.164	0.154	0.173	0.155
年龄	-0.343^***	-0.338^**	-0.372^***	-0.353^***
家庭月收入	0.201^**	0.205^**	0.199^**	0.226^**
教育程度(以大学及以上为参照)
小学及初中	-0.395	-0.441^*	-0.475^*	-0.445
高中或中专	-0.296	-0.330	-0.339	-0.340
就业状况(以未就业为参照)	-0.005	0.002	-0.030	-0.019
婚姻状况(以未结婚为参照)	0.507^**	0.500^*	0.514^**	0.499^*
户口状况(以外来人口为参照)	0.105	0.111	0.080	0.028
房屋产权(以未持有产权为参照)	-1.023^***	-1.018^***	-1.069^***	-1.028^***
建成环境
到最近主干道距离		0.158	0.158	0.204^*
到最近医疗设施距离		-0.231^**	-0.227^**	-0.256^**
到最近公园距离		-0.100	-0.109	-0.113
到最近体育休闲娱乐设施距离		-0.197^*	-0.185^*	-0.167
社会环境
感知居住区安全程度			0.021	0.034
感知居住区邻居相互信赖程度			-0.071	-0.105
经常见面打招呼的邻居人数			0.209^*	0.197^*
居住区满意度			0.349^***	0.295^***
噪音污染
道路交通噪音				0.052
轨道交通噪音				-0.130
商店餐饮噪音				0.053
房屋装修噪音				-0.242^***
居住区层变异	0.233	0.116	0.072	0.114

Influence of neighborhood environment and noise pollution on residents’ mental health in Beijing

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