基于UCMap的城市环境气候空间格局分析——以广州市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.014

Abstract

Abstract:

With the development of urbanization, the underlying land surface of urban areas also changes. The greatly declined natural landscape and increased number of buildings have significance influence on the urban climate and environment. Urban Climatic Map, a tool and platform for analyzing and evaluating the situation of urban climate, expands the application of urban climate information in urban planning and development. Based on the current situation in southern China for urban climate research, this study examined the difference of environment climate influence level caused by different factors. Combined with the existing compilation method of Urban Climatic Map, Guangzhou City was selected as the study area because of its typical subtropical monsoon climate characteristics. A complex underlying surface urban climatic map system was constructed with multiple environmental factors, assessment periods, and technical methods. Several technical means, including numerical model simulation, remote-sensing inversion, and spatial analysis in GIS, were comprehensively applied to evaluation urban air pollution, thermal load, and ventilation potential in Guangzhou City. We also put forward some preliminary planning recommendations. The results indicate that air pollution and thermal load are characterized by significant differences in seasonal and spatial distribution, while ventilation potential shows a clear difference in space and slight seasonal change. Guangzhou City is subsequently divided into seven zones and a spatial pattern of "superior north and inferior south" is observed. Specifically, the optimum types are mainly distributed in the woodlands and intercity cultivated land in the northern mountainous areas, and the most degraded types are located in the urban core areas of Tianhe, Yuexiu, and Liwan Districts, as well as the industrial areas in Baiyun and Zengcheng Districts. Finally, based on the results of environmental climatic analysis, planning measures of each climatic type are suggested to provide some scientific advices and direction for the sustainable development of Guangzhou City.

Key words: air quality, thermal load, ventilation potential, environmental climate spatial pattern, Guangzhou City

Wenbo ZHAO, Hongjie LIU, Xueting TIAN, Baolin LI, Weihong CAO. Environmental climate spatial pattern of Guangzhou City based on urban climatic map[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 452-464.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 29

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城市物理环境	对城市物理环境的影响	所选要素
空气质量	负面影响	SO₂月均浓度
		NO₂月均浓度
		PM_2.5月均浓度
热负荷	正面影响	热岛强度
	负面影响	海拔高程
		自然景观分布
		人体舒适度指数
通风潜力	正面影响	水体分布
		开阔绿地分布
	负面影响	建设用地分布
		风阻强度

所选要素	单位	分类范围与分类规则	分类值
SO₂月平均浓度	μg/m³	≥20	-2
		15~20	-1
		10~15	0
		5~10	1
		≤5	2
NO₂月平均浓度	μg/m³	≥55	-2
		40~55	-1
		25~40	0
		10~25	1
		≤10	2
PM_2.5月平均浓度	μg/m³	≥45	-2
		35~45	-1
		25~35	0
		15~25	1
		15	2
热岛强度	无量纲	≥2.5	-3
		1.5~2.5	-2
		0.5~1.5	-1
		-0.5~0.5	0
		-0.5~-1.5	1
		-1.5~-2.5	2
		≤-2.5	3
海拔高程	m	≥300	-3
		150~300	-2
		50~150	-1
		≤50	0
自然景观分布		森林、草地、水体覆盖区	0
		建设用地、耕地、其他未利用地覆盖区	1
人体舒适度指数	无量纲	≥95	4
		80~85	3
		75~70	2
		70~75	1
		60~70	0
		50~60	-1
		40~50	-2
		25~40	-3
		≤25	-4
水体分布		水体及距水体边界≤70 m	2
		70 m<距水体边界<140 m	1
		距水体边界≥140 m	0
开阔绿地分布		森林、草地、耕地覆盖且坡度≤15°的区域	1
		分类值为1以外的区域	0
建设用地分布		建设用地覆盖区	1
		无建设用地覆盖区	0
风阻强度	无量纲	≥1.0	3
		0.6~1.0	2
		0.2~0.6	1
		-0.2~0.2	0
		-0.6~-0.2	-1
		-1.0~-0.6	-2
		≤-1.0	-3

城市物理环境	权重	所选要素	权重
空气质量	15.81	SO₂月平均浓度	20.29
		NO₂月平均浓度	38.85
		PM_2.5月平均浓度	40.86
热负荷	43.90	热岛强度	14.86
		海拔高程	54.04
		自然景观分布	17.89
		人体舒适度指数	13.21
通风潜力	40.29	水体及其缓冲区分布	21.17
		开阔绿地分布	40.92
		建设用地分布	22.01
		风阻强度	15.90

土地利用类型	环境气候类型
土地利用类型	最适宜类型	适宜类型	较适宜类型	过渡类型	较不适宜类型	不适宜类型	最不适宜类型
林地	84.11	73.68	41.75	23.63	6.86	5.98	6.49
耕地	10.76	18.21	41.45	46.41	37.50	35.76	39.48
公共绿地	2.34	2.80	4.84	11.26	36.19	8.87	16.76
居住用地	0.47	0.96	2.07	3.58	3.80	9.03	7.42
办公与商服用地	0.35	0.74	1.58	2.73	2.77	5.34	5.21
村庄建设用地	0.77	1.31	2.65	4.32	5.48	13.29	8.52
工业用地	1.12	1.92	4.10	5.72	5.37	13.57	11.05
交通道路用地	0.07	0.29	1.25	1.70	1.51	7.52	4.29
水域	0.01	0.09	0.31	0.65	0.52	0.64	0.78

城市环境气候类型	对生产生活的影响	规划措施
环境气候最适宜类型	高度正效应	保护
环境气候适宜类型	中度正效应	保护及改善
环境气候较适宜类型	轻度正效应	改善
环境气候过渡类型	中和
环境气候较不适宜类型	轻度负效应
环境气候不适宜类型	中度负效应	建议采取修补行动
环境气候最不适宜类型	高度负效应	必须采取修补行动

Environmental climate spatial pattern of Guangzhou City based on urban climatic map

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