基于虚拟城市模型的城市形态对污水系统影响研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban sewage systems in China have been developing rapidly in recent years, with problems of system hydraulic failure in peak period, challenge from change of drainage scenario caused by population change, climate change, and water saving behavior; and urban form is closely related to the operation of urban facilities. This study set up urban morphology scenarios and drainage scenarios, built a top-down virtual model of urban space and sewage system, used Kruscal algorithm for network routing and SWMM software for system simulation, and sampled a large number of sewage system solutions, to explore life cycle cost, structure, and operation of urban sewage systems, and assess urban sewage systems with regard to economic performance, effectiveness, and adaptability. The study found that life cycle cost is about 600-700 million yuan for the city. The velocity failure rate of square, rectangular, and star-shaped cities is 0.55, 0.67, and 0.55 respectively, and the capacity failure rate is 0.35, 0.42, and 0.36. Under the low discharge sewage scenario, velocity failure of the system turns more serious, and capacity failure of the system is improved. Under the high discharge sewage scenario, velocity failure is improved, but capacity failure is more serious. More dispersed sewage systems have better connectedness and the sewage system of rectangular city is more centralized than the square and star-shaped cities. Correlation analysis showed that the more dispersed sewage system is more economical and effective, but the adaptability is worse. Finally, from the perspective of system economy and effectiveness, square and star-shaped cities perform better. With regard to the adaptability of sewage system, rectangular city is superior to square and star-shaped cities. Based on the urban forms of the 86 Chinese urban areas examined in this study, the development trend is unreasonable. It is hoped that the conclusion can provide some reference for future urban planning and urban form management.

Key words: virtual city, sewage system, urban form, drainage scenario, comprehensive evaluation

Shan LIANG, Yu DENG, Ning JIA, Yi LIU. Impact of urban morphology on sewage systems based on a virtual city modeling approach[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 441-451.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Urban morphology change classification of prefecture-level cities of China, 2010-2015"

形态变化	东北(33)	华东(77)	华南(34)	华中(40)	西北(27)	西南(32)	华北(30)
方形→方形(30)	鞍山、四平、绥化	丽水、枣庄、德州、福州、厦门、蚌埠、亳州	海口、梅州、汕头	娄底、信阳、漯河、商丘	克拉玛依、汉中、西安、吴忠、嘉峪关	资阳	天津、长治、巴彦淖尔、保定、邯郸、邢台、北京
方形→星形(42)	阜新、辽阳、朝阳、沈阳、营口、长春、辽源	湖州、宁波、衢州、济宁、泰安、聊城、潍坊、菏泽、日照、赣州、泰州、扬州、淮安、龙岩、宿州、阜阳、安庆	北海、玉林、河源	周口、郑州、洛阳、安阳、开封、新乡、驻马店	渭南、固原、庆阳	玉溪、保山	乌兰察布、呼和浩特、沧州
方形→长条(10)	抚顺	东营、盐城、宿迁、南通、马鞍山、池州	—	—	咸阳	—	忻州、石家庄
长条→长条(52)	丹东、通化、佳木斯、七台河、鹤岗	舟山、温州、杭州、临沂、镇江、三明、南平、芜湖、淮南	防城港、广州、中山、汕尾、肇庆、江门、阳江、揭阳	张家界、黄石、宜昌、荆门、平顶山、鹤壁、焦作	西宁、铜川、宝鸡、延安、天水、平凉、兰州、金昌	重庆、昭通、宜宾、广元、攀枝花、雅安、南充、遂宁、拉萨、六盘水、贵阳	大同、阳泉、承德、张家口
长条→星形(23)	本溪、白山	威海、南昌、景德镇、宜春、九江、吉安、上饶、常州	三亚、梧州、南宁、惠州、韶关、清远	永州、襄阳	乌鲁木齐、银川	巴中、铜仁	运城
长条→方形(2)	—	—	东莞	—	—	眉山	—
星形→星形(74)	锦州、铁岭、葫芦岛、松原、牡丹江、哈尔滨、黑河	绍兴、台州、金华、上海、淄博、青岛、莱芜、滨州、抚州、新余、萍乡、连云港、南京、苏州、无锡、宁德、合肥、铜陵、黄山、滁州、六安	河池、桂林、柳州、湛江、深圳、珠海、潮州、佛山、茂名	湘潭、邵阳、怀化、株洲、益阳、郴州、黄冈、孝感、咸宁、鄂州、武汉、十堰、许昌、南阳	榆林、安康、张掖、酒泉、白银	昆明、丽江、达州、乐山、绵阳、自贡、内江、成都、广安、德阳、安顺	太原、赤峰、通辽、鄂尔多斯、乌海、秦皇岛、鄂尔多斯
星形→长条(24)	大连、白城、伊春、鸡西、大庆	嘉兴、烟台、济南、泉州、漳州、莆田、淮北	贵港、百色、云浮	岳阳、常德、长沙、三门峡	商洛、定西	曲靖、遵义	包头
星形→方形(16)	盘锦、吉林、齐齐哈尔	鹰潭、徐州	钦州	衡阳、濮阳	武威	临沧、泸州	朔州、晋中、临汾、衡水、廊坊

Tab.1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.2

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

References 36

[1]	白桦. 2016. 不确定条件下分流制城市排水系统优化设计方法研究 [D]. 北京: 清华大学.
	[Bai H.2016. Research on the optimization design method of separated urban drainage system under uncertainty. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University. ]
[2]	陈珍启, 林雄斌, 李莉, 等. 2016. 城市空间形态影响碳排放吗? 基于全国110个地级市数据的分析[J]. 生态经济, 32(10): 22-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4407.2016.10.006
	[Chen Z Q, Lin X B, Li L, et al.2016. Does urban spatial morphology affect carbon emission? A study based on 110 prefectural cities. Ecological Economy, 32(10): 22-26. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4407.2016.10.006
[3]	崔功豪, 武进. 1990. 中国城市边缘区空间结构特征及其发展: 以南京等城市为例[J]. 地理学报, 45(4): 399-411. doi: 10.11821/xb199004002
	[Cui G H, Wu J.1990. The spatial structure and development of Chinese urban fringe. Acta Geographica Sinica, 45(4): 399-411. ] doi: 10.11821/xb199004002
[4]	崔胜辉, 徐礼来, 黄云凤, 等. 2015. 城市空间形态应对气候变化研究进展及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 34(10): 1209-1218. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.10.001
	[Cui S H, Xu L L, Huang Y F, et al.2015. Progress and prospect of study on urban spatial patterns to cope with climate change. Progress in Geography, 34(10): 1209-1218. ] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.10.001
[5]	董颖, 吴喜军. 2008. 排水管道费用函数研究[J]. 市政技术, 26(5): 407-409. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7767.2008.05.014
	[Dong Y, Wu X J.2008. Research of expenses function for drainage pipeline system. Municipal Engineering Technology, 26(5): 407-409. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7767.2008.05.014
[6]	范晨璟, 田莉, 李经纬. 2018. 城市形态对空气质量影响研究的国内外进展[J]. 城市发展研究, 24(12): 92-100.
	[Fan C J,Tian L,Li J W.2018. Research progress of impacts of urban form on air quality. Urban Development Studies, 24(12): 92-100. ]
[7]	郭腾云, 董冠鹏. 2009. 基于GIS和DEA的特大城市空间紧凑度与城市效率分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 11(4): 482-490. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1560-8999.2009.04.011
	[Guo T Y, Dong G P.2009. Study on the relationships between metropolitan spatial compact ratios and their efficiency in China in 1990 and 2000. Geo-information Science, 11(4): 482-490. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1560-8999.2009.04.011
[8]	李旋旗, 花利忠. 2012. 基于系统动力学的城市住区形态变迁对城市代谢效率的影响[J]. 生态学报, 32(10): 2965-2974. doi: 10.5846/stxb201104250542
	[Li X Q, Hua L Z.2012. Landscape aesthetic assessment based on experiential paradigm assessment technology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(10): 2965-2974. ] doi: 10.5846/stxb201104250542
[9]	刘杰, 郑西来, 高超, 等. 2010. 城镇污水处理厂用地、运行及建设费用研究[J]. 环境工程学报, 4(11): 2522-2526.
	[Liu J, Zheng X L, Gao C, et al.2010. Study on area, operating and construction costs of urban wastewater treatment plants. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 4(11): 2522-2526. ]
[10]	龙瀛, 毛其智, 杨东峰, 等. 2011. 城市形态、交通能耗和环境影响集成的多智能体模型[J]. 地理学报, 66(8): 1033-1044. doi: 10.11821/xb201108003
	[Long Y, Mao Q Z, Yang D F, et al.A multi-agent model for urban form, transportation energy consumption and environmental impact integrated simulation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(8): 1033-1044. ] doi: 10.11821/xb201108003
[11]	卢思佳. 2010. 1990年以来中国城市空间形态的变化特征及影响因素分析 [C]// 中国城市规划学会. 规划创新: 2010中国城市规划年会论文集. 重庆: 重庆出版社.
	[Lu S J.2010. China's urban space form variation characteristics and influence factors analysis since 1990 // Urban Planning Society of China. Planning and innovation: 2010 China urban planning annual conference proceedings. Chongqing, China: Chongqing Publishing House. ]
[12]	潘竟虎, 戴维丽. 2015. 1990—2010年中国主要城市空间形态变化特征[J]. 经济地理, 35(1): 44-52. doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.01.007
	[Pan J H, Dai W L.2015. Spatial-temporal characteristics in urban morphology of major cities in China during 1990-2010. Economic Geography, 35(1): 44-52. ] doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.01.007
[13]	秦波, 戚斌. 2013. 城市形态对家庭建筑碳排放的影响: 以北京为例[J]. 国际城市规划, 28(2): 42-46.
	[Qin B, Qi B.2013. The impact of urban form on household building carbon emission: A case study of Beijing. Urban Planning International, 28(2): 42-46. ]
[14]	佘倩楠, 贾文晓, 潘晨, 等. 2015. 长三角地区城市形态对区域碳排放影响的时空分异研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 25(11): 44-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2015.11.006
	[She Q N, Jia W X, Pan C, et al.2015. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of urban forms' impact on regional carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta. China Population, Resources and Environment, 25(11): 44-51. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2015.11.006
[15]	杨磊, 李贵才, 林姚宇, 等. 2011. 城市空间形态与碳排放关系研究进展与展望[J]. 城市发展研究, 18(2): 12-17.
	[Yang L, Li G C, Lin Y Y, et al.2011. Progress and prospect on relationship research between urban form and carbon emission. Urban Studies, 18(2): 12-17. ]
[16]	赵会兵, 江源通, 郑拴宁. 2016. 城市形态对城市风环境品质影响的研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 39(S2): 59-65.
	[Zhao H B, Jiang Y T, Zheng S N.2016. Research progress of the effects of urban form on urban wind environment quality. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(S2): 59-65. ]
[17]	Astaraie-Imani M, Kapelan Z, Fu G, et al.2012. Assessing the combined effects of urbanisation and climate change on the river water quality in an integrated urban wastewater system in the UK[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 112: 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.039 pmid: 22854785
[18]	Batt A L, Kim S, Aga D S.2007. Comparison of the occurrence of antibiotics in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants with varying designs and operations[J]. Chemosphere, 68(3): 428-435. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.008 pmid: 17316751
[19]	Beal C, Stewart R A, Spinks A, et al.2011. Using smart meters to identify social and technological impacts on residential water consumption[J]. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 11(5): 527-533. doi: 10.2166/ws.2011.088
[20]	Borrego C, Martins H, Tchepel O, et al.2006. How urban structure can affect city sustainability from an air quality perspective[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 21(4): 461-467. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.07.009
[21]	Chopra S S, Khanna V.2014. Understanding resilience in industrial symbiosis networks: Insights from network analysis[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 141: 86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.038 pmid: 24768838
[22]	Deng Y, Cardin M A, Babovic V, et al.2013. Valuing flexibilities in the design of urban water management systems[J]. Water Research, 47(20): 7162-7174. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.064 pmid: 24268059
[23]	Ewing R, Rong F.2008. The impact of urban form on U.S. residential energy use[J]. Housing Policy Debate, 19(1): 1-30. doi: 10.1080/10511482.2008.9521624
[24]	Farmani R, Butler D.2014. Implications of urban form on water distribution systems performance[J]. Water Resources Management, 28(1): 83-97. doi: 10.1007/s11269-013-0472-3
[25]	Filion Y R.2008. Impact of urban form on energy use in water distribution systems[J]. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 14(4): 337-346. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2008)14:4(337)
[26]	Foti R, Ramirez J A, Brown T C.2014. A probabilistic framework for assessing vulnerability to climate variability and change: The case of the US water supply system[J]. Climatic Change, 125(3-4): 413-427. doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1111-6
[27]	Giuliano G, Narayan D.2003. Another look at travel patterns and urban form: The US and Great Britain[J]. Urban Studies, 40(11): 2295-2312. doi: 10.1080/0042098032000123303
[28]	Hong J, Shen Q, Zhang L.2014. How do built-environment factors affect travel behavior? A spatial analysis at different geographic scales[J]. Transportation, 41(3): 419-440. doi: 10.1007/s11116-013-9462-9
[29]	Kashem S B, Irawan A, Wilson B.2014. Evaluating the dynamic impacts of urban form on transportation and environmental outcomes in US cities[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(8): 2233-2244. doi: 10.1007/s13762-014-0630-z
[30]	Kotharkar R, Bahadure P N, Vyas A.2012. Compact city concept: Its relevance and applicability for planning of Indian cities[C]// PLEA2012: conference, opportunities, limits & needs towards an environmentally responsible architecture. Lima, Peru.
[31]	Makki A A, Stewart R A, Beal C D, et al.2015. Novel bottom-up urban water demand forecasting model: Revealing the determinants, drivers and predictors of residential indoor end-use consumption[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95: 15-37. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.11.009
[32]	Mansfield T J, Rodriguez D A, Huegy M J, et al.2015. The effects of urban form on ambient air pollution and public health risk: A case study in Raleigh, North Carolina[J]. Risk Analysis, 35(5): 901. doi: 10.1111/risa.12317 pmid: 4461560
[33]	Pingale S M, Jat M K, Khare D.2014. Integrated urban water management modelling under climate change scenarios[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 83: 176-189. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.10.006
[34]	Schindler M, Caruso G.2014. Urban compactness and the trade-off between air pollution emission and exposure: Lessons from a spatially explicit theoretical model[J]. Computers Environment & Urban Systems, 45(2): 13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.01.004
[35]	Schweitzer L, Zhou J P.2010. Neighborhood air quality, respiratory health, and vulnerable populations in compact and sprawled regions[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3): 363-371. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2010.486623
[36]	Wong H G, Speight V L, Filion Y R.2015. Impact of urban form on energy use in water distribution systems at the neighbourhood level[J]. Procedia Engineering, 119(1): 1049-1058. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.932

Pearson 相关性	生命周期成本	V_failure	C_failure	flexibility_L_V	flexibility_H_V	flexibility_L_C	flexibility_H_C
边介数	0.392^**	0.509^**	0.211^**	-0.591^**	-0.591^**	-0.144^**	-0.288^**
全局效率	-0.406^**	-0.439^**	-0.179^**	0.516^**	0.521^**	0.129^*	0.250^**

Impact of urban morphology on sewage systems based on a virtual city modeling approach

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 36

Related Articles 14

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	Limin JIAO, Chen GONG, Gang XU, Ting DONG, Boen ZHANG, Zehui LI. Urban expansion dynamics and urban forms in three metropolitan areas—Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(5): 675-685.
[2]	Yao XIONG, Runqiu PAN, Gang XU, Limin JIAO, Kai LI. A comparison of spatial and temporal characteristics of urban expansion in India during 1990-2014 [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(2): 271-282.
[3]	Cheng WANG, Xiaosu MA, Ning TANG, Haoying LI, Mingming ZHOU, Yanzhou HE. Operational mechanism and restructuring of rural production space system from the perspective of farming household behavior [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(5): 636-646.
[4]	Yanguang CHEN. Approaches to estimating fractal dimension and identifying fractals of urban form [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(5): 529-539.
[5]	WANG Huifang, ZHOU Kai. Review of urban form, structure and morphology in China during 2003-2013 [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(5): 689-701.
[6]	YEERKEN Wuzhati, LIU Hui, LIU Weidong. Evaluation of Kazakhstan's urbanization during 1992-2011 and its influencing factors [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(2): 181-193.
[7]	YIN Changying, SHI Yishao, WANG Hefeng. Process and characteristics of boundary expansion of built-up area of Shanghai City since the late Qing dynasty [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(12): 1793-1803.
[8]	CHENWenfeng, MENG Deyou, HE Zhen. Comprehensive Evaluation and Spatial Pattern of Regional Urbanization Level in Henan [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2011, 30(8): 978-985.
[9]	CHEN Taigeng, DONG Jie, YAN Junping, GUO Xiaoge. The Evaluation of Regional Adaptation to Climatic Change: The Case Study of Xianyang City [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2011, 30(3): 319-324.
[10]	LIU Yu,LIU Yan-sui,GUO Li-ying. Comprehensive Evaluation and Optimization Strategy of the Territorial Function for Grain Production: A Case of the Area along Bohai Rim in China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(8): 920-926.
[11]	LI Rui, YIN Hongmei. Tourism Development in Minority Counties: Taking 16 Minority Counties of the Miao and Dong minorities' Autonomous Prefecture of Southeast Guizhou as an Example [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(10): 1263-1272.
[12]	GAO Lijie, CUI Shenghui, GUO Qinghai, SHI Longyu. Some Points on the Sustainable Cities Research [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(10): 1209-1216.
[13]	CAO Zhihong1, LIANG Liutao2, HAO Jinmin1. The Spatial Analysis of Socio-economic Difference and its Agglomeration Development Strategy Model in Huang-Huai-Hai Region [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2009, 28(6): 984-990.
[14]	LI Xican1,2\|WANG Jing2\|SHAO Xiaomei2. Progress in the Application of Fuzzy Mathematics Methods in China Land Resource Evaluation [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2009, 28(3): 409-416.