城市建成环境对居民身体活动的影响研究进展与启示

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

The relationship between the built environment and urban residents' physical activity is a reflection of the human-environment relationship of urban systems in the field of health, and is related to the development and management of urban public health. In recent years, such relationship has become a new research topic in health geography. Based on the spatial perspective of geography, the progress of research on the influence of urban built environment on residents' physical activity in China and internationally was examined from the three aspects of spatial organization, spatial pattern, and spatial function. The analysis shows that there are many achievements internationally: 1) Social-ecological system research methods are most widely applied and are constantly revised and expanded in theory. Besides, studies based on the theory of mobility and activity behavior are emerging. Some complicated statistical regression models and spatial regression models are gradually applied. 2) In existing studies, the analysis of the influence of a series of characteristics of urban built environment, such as spatial organization, spatial pattern, and spatial function, on the level and type of physical activity of different resident groups has received more attention. Among these, the influence of spatial organization mainly concerns traffic organization, green space network, and other organizational types, as well as the impact of accessibility, connectivity, and other spatial links. The influences of spatial pattern such as structure, form, and spatial function were also examined. However, the research within China is still focusing on introducing international studies and concentrated in a few disciplines such as geography, urban planning, and sports, and lacks theoretical development and case studies in the Chinese context. Therefore, future research should focus on the following: theoretical development based on the ideas of unity of human and nature; application of multi-source data and spatial statistical methods; and new empirical studies based on virtual reality interaction and local context.

Key words: built environment, physical activity, urban space, mechanism of influence, public health

Yupei JIANG, Feng ZHEN, Wenwen WANG, Mengni ZHAO. Influence of urban built environment on residents’ physical activity: Review and implications[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 357-369.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1

Tab.1

Summary of the influence of accessibility of the built environmental factors on residents’ physical activity"

研究人群	涉及建成环境要素	对身体活动的影响	主要研究国家或地区	主要文献来源
儿童	公共开放空间可达性	正向影响高强度身体活动时间	澳大利亚墨尔本	Timperio et al, 2008
	公共服务设施(如学校)可达性	正向影响积极交通方式选择	北美、欧洲、澳大利亚	D'Haese et al, 2015; Ito et al, 2017
	公共开放空间、商业服务设施(如邻里公园、游乐场地、体育场馆)可达性感知	正向影响休闲性身体活动频率	美国	Carrollscott et al, 2013
青少年	公共开放空间可达性	正向影响身体活动参与	马来西亚	Danis et al, 2014
	商业设施(如体育设施)可达性	正向影响健身行为(中高强度身体活动)	欧洲	Vanhelst et al, 2013
	公共服务设施(如学校)可达性	负向影响交通性骑行量	比利时	Dyck et al, 2009
成人(主要以中、青年样本为主,部分文献包含老年样本)	公共服务设施(如公交站点)可达性	正向影响交通性步行参与	美国、澳大利亚、英国	Mccormack et al, 2008; Heesch et al, 2015
	公共开放空间可达性	正向影响步行、中高强度身体活动量;负向影响休闲性步行量	澳大利亚墨尔本、丹麦	Toftager et al, 2011; Koohsari et al, 2013
	商业设施可达性	正向影响身体活动总量与频率、积极交通方式选择	捷克、泰国	Churangsarit et al, 2011; Sigmundová et al, 2011
	工作地可达性	正向影响积极通勤方式选择	欧洲	Yang et al, 2017
	公共开放空间(如邻里大型公园)的可达性感知	负向影响身体活动频率与水平;正向影响休闲性步行可能性	墨西哥、澳大利亚阿德莱德	Dyck et al, 2013; Sugiyama et al, 2013
老年	公共服务设施可达性	正向影响交通性步行频率	新加坡	Nyunt et al, 2015
	商业设施可达性	正向影响步行频率与总量、交通性步行时间	澳大利亚、比利时	Cauwenberg et al, 2012; Nathan et al, 2012
	休闲设施、公共服务设施可达性感知	正向影响交通性步行、休闲性步行频率与总量	中国香港	Barnett et al, 2016

Tab.1

Tab.2

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感知群体	感知要素	感知特性	对身体活动的影响	主要文献来源
儿童	步行环境	可步行性	无影响	Hager et al, 2013
儿童	交通	安全性	正向影响身体活动量	Grow et al, 2008
青少年	步行环境	友好性	更容易达到身体活动推荐量和更少的静坐活动	Kopcakova et al, 2017
		犯罪安全性	正向影响身体活动参与	Nichol et al, 2010
		交通安全性	正向影响积极出行频率	Carlson et al, 2014
成人(主要以中、青年样本为主,部分文献包含老年样本)	步行环境	整体质量	对骑行倾向无影响,对骑行频率有影响	Foster et al, 2008; Bringolf et al, 2010; Dyck et al, 2013; Bracy et al, 2014; Jack et al, 2014; Nathan et al, 2014; Ma et al, 2015;Vanwolleghem et al, 2016
		犯罪安全性	正向影响交通性、休闲性步行量;无影响;负向影响整体身体活动量
		交通安全性	正向影响儿童、青少年采取积极交通上下学以及高强度身体活动量
		美学	正向影响休闲性活动参与
	公共开放空间(如公园、步行空间等)	安全性、美学	正向影响休闲性步行和总体步行频率、时间;无影响	Bringolf et al, 2010; Cohen et al, 2010; Leslie et al, 2010
	交通	安全性	正向影响交通性步行、高强度身体活动量	Jack et al, 2014
老年	步行环境	美学	正向影响休闲性、交通性步行量	Spanier et al, 2014
老年	交通	安全性	正向影响交通性步行量	Cauwenberg et al, 2012

Influence of urban built environment on residents’ physical activity: Review and implications

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