基于步行性与污染物暴露空间格局比较的建成环境健康效应——以南京为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Haze problem is becoming increasingly more serious in China. Improving walkability of cities to increase outdoor physical activities of urban residents may also increase their exposure to air pollution, and the health effect is not necessarily positive. In view of this paradox, by taking Nanjing City as an example, this study measured walkability and simulated air pollutant concentration based on a land use regression model and spatial interpolation. It then compared these to evaluate the health effects of the built environment. The calculation of the walkability score includes three steps: 1) Assign weights and distance attenuation of the concerned service facilities, based on which the basic walkability score of the point of interest (POI) is obtained. 2) Obtain the single-point walkability score of the POI, considering the impact of the walking environment. 3) Obtain walkability score by spatial interpolation. It was found that the walking index of the main urban area of Nanjing City showed a multi-center axial attenuation pattern. PM_2.5 and O₃ were selected as representative air pollutants for concentration simulation for their significant hazard. The concentration of PM_2.5 was mainly simulated by establishing a regression model with relevant geographic variables, and the O₃ concentration was simulated by spatial interpolation because it showed different characteristics in space. The result indicates that there is a large area of high walkability and high pollutant exposure. These areas are mainly distributed in the urban center. In such areas, it is risky to emphasize the improvement of walking activities through modifying the built environment to promote health. The area of low walkability and low pollutant exposure is mainly distributed in the suburbs, and it is difficult to directly assess the health effects of such areas. Health-promoting area of high walkability and low PM_2.5 concentration is mainly distributed around the city's large green areas. Areas of high walkability and low O₃ concentration are distributed in the second circle of the city center but not inside the center. Therefore, the surrounding area of green space that is close to the city center but not at the center is more likely to become space of high walkability and low pollutant exposure, which has positive health effects. On the other hand, the semi-urbanized areas at the junction of urban and rural areas tend to become space of low walkability and high pollutant exposure because industrial expansion does not match the lagging service provision. Such areas have negative health effects. The results can provide a reference for the accurate formulation of land use policies for healthy cities.

Key words: walkability, healthy city, PM_2.5, O₃, Nanjing City

Xi CHEN, Jianxi FENG. Health effects of built environment based on a comparison of walkability and air pollution:A case study of Nanjing City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(2): 296-304.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 27

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	设施分类	分类权重	权重
餐饮	餐馆	0.75, 0.45, 0.25, 0.25, 0.225, 0.225, 0.225, 0.225, 0.2, 0.2	3
餐饮	咖啡店	2	2
购物	商场	0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3	2
购物	便利店	3	3
休闲	公园	1	1
	书店	1	1
	娱乐场所	1	1
公共服务	学校	1	1
	银行	1	1
	医院	1	1
总计		16	16

交叉口密度/(个/km²)	衰减率/%	适宜步行道路占比/%	衰减率/%	街区尺度/m	衰减率/%
>77	0	>88	0	<120	0
58~77	1	69~88	1	120~150	1
47~58	2	51~69	2	150~165	2
35~47	3	33~51	3	165~180	3
23~35	4	12~33	4	180~195	4
<23	5	<12	5	>195	5

污染物	迈皋桥	瑞金路	浦口	奥体中心	中华门	草场门	玄武湖	山西路	仙林大学城
PM_2.5	42.77	47.77	38.54	48.39	41.66	33.31	32.83	42.26	40.73
O₃	85.99	90.71	92.25	75.63	92.39	105.87	90.04	111.21	92.96

影响因子	与PM_2.5浓度相关系数R
道路长度_500 m (x₁)	0.585^*
道路长度_1000 m (x₂)	0.167
道路长度_1500 m (x₃)	0.159
道路长度_2000 m (x₄)	0.072
水域面积_500 m (x₅)	-0.557
水域面积_1000 m (x₆)	-0.627^*
水域面积_1500 m (x₇)	-0.623^*
水域面积_2000 m (x₈)	-0.629^*
建设用地面积_500 m (x₉)	0.713^**
建设用地面积_1000 m (x₁₀)	0.793^**
建设用地面积_1500 m (x₁₁)	0.710^**
建设用地面积_2000 m (x₁₂)	0.402
植被面积_500 m (x₁₃)	-0.510
植被面积_1000 m (x₁₄)	-0.784^**
植被面积_1500 m (x₁₅)	-0.679^**
植被面积_2000 m (x₁₆)	-0.550
人口密度(x₁₇)	0.168
工业污染影响(x₁₈)	0.232

监测点	草场门	中华门	瑞金路	玄武湖	迈皋桥	山西路	仙林大学城	奥体中心	浦口
预测值	34.95	41.44	47.45	32.61	40.12	44.01	40.18	48.73	38.74
差值	1.64	-0.22	-0.32	-0.22	-2.65	1.75	-0.55	0.34	0.20
误差率/%	4.92	-0.52	-0.68	-0.66	-6.20	4.13	-1.35	0.70	0.51

Health effects of built environment based on a comparison of walkability and air pollution:A case study of Nanjing City

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