大城市居民自评健康与环境危害感知的空间差异及影响因素——基于郑州市区的实证研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.12.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Environmental pollution and health issues have aroused increasing concerns in the world. Based on a large-scale questionnaire survey in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province in 2016, this study examined the spatial differentiation and key influencing factors of self-rated health and perceived environmental hazards in the city on the micro-scale by using GIS spatial analysis technique, multiple linear regression model, and logistic regression model. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The perception of residents on own health was generally at a moderate level. The majority of the surveyed residents believed that air pollution was the most serious problem in Zhengzhou, followed by noise pollution and landfill and water pollution, but all four kinds of environmental pollution had a significant impact on the health of the residents. (2) The spatial differentiation of residents’ health perception was evident, which showed a clear pattern of low values in the core area and high values in the periphery, namely, the health levels in the central city regions were lower, while the suburban regions showed higher health levels. (3) Individuals with different socioeconomic status showed significant differences in their own health perception. Perception of health was getting worse for older people. In particular, the people over 60 years old had the worst perception of health conditions. The proportion of highly-educated and high-income people who considered their health as excellent or good was far greater than the proportion for poorly educated and low-income residents. The effects of gender and marital status on health perception were not obvious. The longer the distance between residence and workplace, the lower proportion of people who felt excellent or good with their health. Meanwhile, location of subdistricts had a remarkable effect on residents’ health perception. The aim of the study was to provide a scientific basis for more equal and effective policies on resident health in Zhengzhou City.

Key words: resident self-rated health, environmental hazard perception, spatial differentiation, influencing factors, Zhengzhou City

Hongbo ZHAO, Yuanbo FENG, Guanpeng DONG, Changhong MIAO. Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of residents' self-rated health and environmental hazard perception: A case study of Zhengzhou City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(12): 1713-1726.

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References 49

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变量	变量设定与说明
年龄	20~29岁(56.06%);30~39岁(22.22%);40~49岁(10.23%);50~59岁(6.05%);≥60岁(5.44%)
性别	男(43.44%);女(56.56%)
婚姻状况	已婚(55.87%);未婚(42.49%);其他(1.64%)
受教育程度	初中及以下(14.86%);高中(17.35%);大学大专(62.42%);研究生(5.37%)
月收入	2000元以下(13.03%);2000~3999元(43.29%);4000~5999元(29.62%);6000~7999元(6.98%);8000元及以上(7.08%)
户籍	郑州(42.26%);外地(57.74%)
住房类型	自有(53.86%);租住(37.87%);单位住房(8.27%)

变量	属性	健康状况感知很好/非常好的比重/%	P值	变量	属性	健康状况感知很好/非常好的比重/%	P值
年龄	20~29	60.19	<0.01	受教育程度	初中及以下	37.04	<0.01
	30~39	48.33			高中	40.76
	40~49	43.67			大学大专	42.97
	50~59	34.48			研究生及以上	47.16
	≥60	33.33		户口	郑州户口	42.72	<0.01
性别	男	42.53	<0.01		非郑州户口	39.93
	女	40.63		居住地到医疗	≤1 km	42.53	<0.01
婚姻状况	已婚	41.69	<0.01	服务站的距离	1~3 km	39.32
	未婚	42.27			≥3 km	38.13
	其他(离异/丧偶)	35.45		居住地到工作	≤1 km	45.53	<0.01
收入	≤2000	35.74	<0.01	单位的距离	1~3 km	41.65
	2000~3999	39.59			3~5 km	40.77
	4000~7999	41.56			≥5 km	33.73
	≥8000	44.71		住房产权	自有	48.17	<0.01
住房面积	小户型(<100 m²)	38.44	<0.01		租住	38.62
	大户型(>100 m²)	46.72			单位住房	42.55

变量	模型1		模型2		模型3
变量	系数	t值	系数	t值	系数	t值
性别(参照组：男性)
女性	-0.0997^**	-2.16	-0.0817^*	-1.84	-0.0831^*	-1.87
年龄(参照组：20~29岁)
30~39	0.263^**	4.02	0.2494^**	3.82	0.2401^**	3.68
40~49	0.279^**	3.31	0.2516^**	3.31	0.237^**	3.13
50~59	0.0162^**	0.11	0.0130^**	0.46	0.0191^**	0.15
60岁及以上	0.0042^***	0.02	0.0901^***	0.47	0.0675^***	0.36
婚姻状况(参照组：已婚)
未婚	0.0418	0.60	0.0553	0.86	0.0484	0.75
其他（离异/丧偶）	0.0791	0.31	0.1375	0.56	0.131	0.54
住房面积(参照组：大户型)
小户型	0.1202^**	2.42	0.1193^**	2.50	0.1008^**	2.27
受教育程度	0.0940^***	3.14	0.0476	1.59	0.0454	1.53
收入	0.0981^***	4.22	0.0905^***	4.10	0.0845^***	3.84
居住地到工作单位的距离	0.0753^***	3.42	0.0506^**	2.37	0.0499^**	2.34
居住地到医疗服务站的距离	0.0765^*	1.74	0.0661^*	1.57	0.0695^*	1.69
水污染			0.0732^***	2.65	0.0736^***	2.67
垃圾污染			0.0819^**	2.45	0.0756^**	2.31
空气污染			0.1006^***	3.14	0.0908^**	2.65
噪声污染			0.0961^***	2.75	0.0900^***	2.90
街道(参照组：金水区杜岭街道)
金水区丰产路街道					-0.3086^*	-1.77
金水区南阳新村街道					0.5504^*	1.95
二七区嵩山路街道					-0.4267^*	-1.67
二七区一马路街道					0.7844^**	2.38
惠济区大河路街道					1.0768^**	2.25
惠济区迎宾路街道					0.3687^**	2.04
常数项	1.737^***	11.01	0.7536^***	4.09	0.8878^***	3.93
R²	0.050		0.117		0.151

变量	模型1		模型2		模型3
变量	系数	Z值	系数	Z值	系数	Z值
性别(参照组：男性)
女性	-0.0796	-0.77	-0.1172	-1.12	-0.1386	-1.27
年龄(参照组：20~29岁)
30~39	0.6413^**	4.18	0.6142^**	3.96	0.6808^**	4.19
40~49	0.5531^**	2.88	0.5304^**	2.73	0.6502^**	3.20
50~59	0.1139^**	0.43	0.0193^**	0.07	0.1355^**	0.49
60岁及以上	0.0931^***	0.25	0.0911^***	0.24	0.1147^***	0.29
婚姻状况(参照组：已婚)
未婚	0.0647	0.45	0.1381	0.95	0.1986	1.30
其他（离异/丧偶）	0.6474	1.36	0.6890	1.48	0.8824^*	1.80
住房面积(参照组：大户型)
小户型	0.3194^***	2.96	0.3009^***	2.76	0.2722^**	2.40
受教育程度	0.1667^**	2.29	0.1036	1.40	0.1371^*	1.74
收入	0.1792^***	3.59	0.1660^***	3.29	0.1953^***	3.67
居住地到工作单位的距离	0.1562^***	3.05	0.1310^**	2.54	0.1578^***	2.90
居住地到医疗服务站的距离	0.0921^*	0.90	0.1236^*	1.21	0.1154^*	1.09
水污染			0.1432^**	1.81	0.1872^**	2.29
垃圾污染			0.1486^**	1.80	0.1523^**	1.80
空气污染			0.2762^***	3.61	0.2695^***	3.40
噪声污染			0.2004^***	3.02	0.2071^***	3.00
街道(参照组：金水区杜岭街道)
金水区丰产路街道					-0.6976^*	-1.66
金水区南阳新村街道					1.2921^**	1.99
惠济区大河路街道					2.3848^**	2.37
惠济区花园口镇					-1.5544^*	-1.80
惠济区迎宾路街道					0.8670^**	2.05
二七区嵩山路街道					-1.0281^*	-1.71
二七区一马路街道					1.7169^*	1.88

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of residents' self-rated health and environmental hazard perception: A case study of Zhengzhou City

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