太行山淇河流域土地利用变化对生境的影响

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.12.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Mountain areas are ecologically fragile and play an important role in providing ecosystem services and in regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of land use change on habitat quality in these areas for balancing regional ecological protection and development. Taking the Qihe River Basin in the southern part of Taihang Mountains as the research area and based on land-use and ecological threat data, this study used the habitat quality module of the InVEST model to analyze the change of habitat quality index of the Qihe River Basin in four periods 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 from the aspects of land-use change and topographic relief. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of land-use change on habitat quality and to explore the spatial distribution pattern of habitat quality, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and land-use planning in the river basin. The results show that: (1) During 2000-2015, in the Qihe River Basin cultivated land and forest land decreased gradually, and the area of grassland and construction land increased. (2) The overall habitat quality of the river basin was good, and the average value of habitat quality was over 0.7. Habitat quality had been significantly improved by 2015. (3) Change of habitat quality in the Qihe River Basin was greatly influenced by the changes of land-use types. The habitats of cultivated land, grassland, and construction land had degraded to varying degrees due to human disturbances; and the habitats of woodlands began to degrade slowly because of deforestation and land reclamation. However, due to the high vegetation coverage and strong ability to resist disturbances, and the gradual restoration of woodlands, the habitat quality is still high. (4) Moderate habitat quality is dominant in flat and slightly fluctuating areas, while the high and very high grades of habitat quality are dominant in topographically rugged areas.

Key words: land use change, InVEST model, habitat quality, Qihe River Basin

Han REN, Jingjing ZHANG, Wenbo ZHU, Liyuan WANG, Lijuan ZHANG, Lianqi ZHU. Impact of land use change on habitat in the Qihe River Basin of Taihang Mountains[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(12): 1693-1704.

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References 35

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威胁源	最大影响距离	权重	衰减线性相关性
耕地	8	0.7	线性
农村居民点	5	0.6	指数
城镇用地	10	1.0	指数
道路	3	0.5	线性

土地利用类型	生境适宜度	耕地	农村居民点	城镇用地	道路
耕地	0.5	0.30	0.35	0.50	0.30
有林地	1.0	0.70	0.80	0.80	0.65
灌木林	1.0	0.60	0.65	0.70	0.60
疏林地	0.8	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.50
其他林地	1.0	0.80	0.85	0.85	0.70
高覆盖度草地	0.8	0.50	0.55	0.60	0.35
中覆盖度草地	0.7	0.55	0.60	0.65	0.40
低覆盖度草地	0.6	0.50	0.50	0.60	0.30
水体	0.9	0.65	0.65	0.75	0.60
城镇用地	0.0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
农村居民点	0.0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
其他建设用地	0.0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
未利用地	0.1	0.10	0.20	0.20	0.15

时段	地类	耕地	林地	草地	水体	建设用地	未利用地
2000-2005	耕地	708.50	9.08	7.89	0.41	0.61	0.00
	林地	9.08	668.30	4.93	0.04	0.05	0.01
	草地	7.85	4.96	681.00	0.10	0.12
	水体	0.31	0.18	0.11	35.40	0.01
	建设用地	8.39	0.36	0.46	0.01	78.15	0.01
	未利用地	0.01	0.01				0.09
2005-2010	耕地	647.74	1.55	3.93	0.74	7.86	0.01
	林地	6.17	664.08	8.40	0.02	0.63
	草地	42.27	15.63	676.46	0.13	0.91
	水体	3.76	0.18	0.89	35.07	0.74
	建设用地	26.26	1.52	4.26	0.06	77.19	0.03
	未利用地	0.38	0.09	0.20		0.05	0.07
2010-2015	耕地	552.23	23.45	28.34		0.62
	林地	43.81	540.54	77.54	0.00	0.13
	草地	65.57	115.05	616.16	0.00		0.16
	水体		0.00	0.00	40.64
	建设用地	0.22	0.27	13.37		108.58
	未利用地						0.64

地形起伏度等级	年份	各地类面积比例/%
地形起伏度等级	年份	耕地	林地	草地	水体	建设用地	未利用地
0~30 m	2000	9.75	0.11	0.27	0.63	2.24	0.00
	2005	9.57	0.11	0.27	0.63	2.42	0.00
	2010	9.29	0.11	0.24	0.62	2.73	0.00
	2015	7.99	0.17	1.47	0.62	2.75	0.00
30~70 m	2000	12.11	1.24	5.78	0.54	1.04	0.00
	2005	12.01	1.23	5.78	0.53	1.16	0.00
	2010	11.50	1.32	5.69	0.64	1.54	0.01
	2015	9.77	2.40	6.16	0.64	1.73	0.01
70~200 m	2000	10.49	23.15	23.35	0.43	0.28	0.00
	2005	10.49	23.10	23.31	0.44	0.36	0.00
	2010	8.53	23.18	24.89	0.56	0.55	0.01
	2015	8.82	22.47	24.92	0.56	0.94	0.01
>200 m	2000	0.44	6.05	2.07	0.03	0.00	0.00
	2005	0.47	6.02	2.07	0.04	0.00	0.00
	2010	0.36	5.70	2.45	0.04	0.03	0.00
	2015	0.56	4.55	3.42	0.04	0.02	0.00

生境质量等级	指数区间	面积比例/%
生境质量等级	指数区间	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年
一般生境	0.0~0.5	36.64	36.65	34.71	25.06
中度重要生境	0.5~0.7	13.40	13.50	16.80	14.27
高度重要生境	0.7~0.9	24.34	24.16	22.48	29.37
极重要生境	0.9~1.0	25.62	25.69	26.01	31.30

Impact of land use change on habitat in the Qihe River Basin of Taihang Mountains

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地类	2000年		2005年		2010年		2015年
地类	生境质量指数	比例/%	生境质量指数	比例/%	生境质量指数	比例/%	生境质量指数	比例/%
耕地	0.537	32.97	0.543	32.62	0.537	29.71	0.642	27.15
林地	0.910	30.67	0.908	30.67	0.908	30.50	0.900	29.72
草地	0.749	31.19	0.743	31.17	0.731	33.02	0.761	35.78
水体	0.728	1.62	0.737	1.62	0.749	1.82	0.772	1.82
建设用地	0.197	3.55	0.190	3.92	0.191	4.91	0.275	5.50
未利用地	0.497	0.00	0.500	0.00	0.499	0.04	0.549	0.03

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地形起伏度等级	年份	各等级面积比例/%
地形起伏度等级	年份	一般生境	中度重要生境	高度重要生境	极重要生境
0~30 m	2000	11.97	0.23	0.81	0.07
	2005	11.93	0.27	0.79	0.09
	2010	11.93	0.27	0.79	0.09
	2015	7.98	0.20	2.05	2.84
30~70 m	2000	12.89	3.03	3.66	1.16
	2005	12.85	3.01	3.69	1.19
	2010	12.74	3.07	3.66	1.27
	2015	8.16	2.60	5.50	4.48
70~200 m	2000	11.29	9.72	17.10	19.35
	2005	11.43	9.80	16.93	19.30
	2010	9.66	12.63	15.69	19.50
	2015	8.39	10.69	18.39	20.01
>200 m	2000	0.48	0.39	2.79	5.04
	2005	0.44	0.36	2.78	5.14
	2010	0.38	0.78	2.39	5.17
	2015	0.57	0.76	3.40	3.98