中国嵌入“21世纪海上丝绸之路”航运网络的关键节点识别

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

In May 2017, The Belt and Road Initiative First International Cooperation Forum, which once again highlighted China's efforts and contributions in the construction of the "community of human destiny," was held in Beijing. We have drawn up the strategic conception of building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, thus paving the maritime passage of elements flow in Eastern and Western countries, and expanding the new trade route for China to connect the world economy. Based on the relationship of shipping between the Chinese and international ports and social network analysis (SNA), this study mapped the connection network of Chinese and international ports along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The study also used the SNA method to analyze the overall network spatial structure and its core-periphery structure. We considered the network centrality and the actual shipping capability of the Chinese and international port nodes, thus identifying the functional nodes in the shipping network. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road shipping network presents a spatial pattern of the pickaxe shape, and the close connection between the Chinese and Southeast Asian ports is the core of this pattern. Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, and Port Klang constitute the hub and spoke network structure of the port of high efficiency and low consumption. (2) We derived the backbone network and core network through filtering, and identified special nodes and core nodes of international ports with different breadth and intensity. (3) There are two ways for ports to enter the shipping network. One is the hierarchical embedding mode (breadth, depth, intermediary function), such as China and Southeast Asia, and the other is homogeneous embedding mode, such as Africa, south West Asia-Middle East, South Asia, and Europe. (4) We identified five types of Chinese port nodes: potential composite hub port, export-oriented trunk port, inward direct port, intermediary branch port, and marginal feeder port. Then, the development proposals for these five types of ports are put forward, in order to effectively coordinate the port organization pattern and node functions so that ports can complement each other and enhance the value of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

Key words: 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, shipping network, external connection, network pattern, key nodes

Cheng WANG, Maojun WANG, Yi WANG. Identification of Chinese key nodes in the shipping network of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(11): 1485-1498.

Figures/Tables 18

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Tab.3

Measurement index of 2-mode network of port nodes in China and foreign countries"

指标	表征含义	测算原理	测算方式
度数中心度 (关联广度)	表征港口的实际航线数量,直观反映某港口节点为其腹地提供的外向航运链接的广度和机会大小。	与港口节点i存在直接航运关联的节点j的数量总和。	$k i = ∑ i = 1 n a ij$
关联频次 (关联强度)	港口之间的关联强度。	港口节点i和节点j之间的直接航运关联次数总和。	$Q i = ∑ i = 1 n q ij$
接近中心度 (航运效率)	港口节点由于自身为数不多的直接链接对象拥有更多的直接链接对象,从而获得较高的间接参与网络的机会。	港口节点n_i与同类节点、他类节点的最短路径长度之和。式中,g、h是中、外港口数,中国港口k与外国港口i邻接。	$C C NM n i =$ $1 + ∑ j = 1 g + h min k d (k, j) g + h - 1 - 1$
中间中心度 (中转功能)	某港口位于其他港口城市关系的捷径上,这类港口作为高效中转站,能在竞合过程中打破其他港口城市的共谋而获得额外利好。	如果给定的一对港口节点(n_i, n_j)仅与一个港口节点m_k发生关联(即 $X ij N = 1$ ),则港口节点m_k的中介度增加 $1 X ij N$ 个单位。	$B m k = 12 ∑ 1 X ij N$
核心-边缘结构	综合考量个体港口节点的网络中心性,定量计算各港口节点的核心度,识别网络地位更高的核心关联对,并合理设定阈值划分港口网络中的核心边缘结构。		块模型法

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航线	承运人	起始港	目的港	挂靠港
东南亚航线	APL	厦门	巴林	厦门,巴林,厦门,深圳,香港,新加坡-杰贝阿里-迪拜-沙迦-达曼港-富查伊拉-科威特-卡拉奇-巴林
非洲航线	APL	宁波	蒙巴萨	宁波-上海-香港-深圳-新加坡-哥伦布-萨尔斯-蒙巴萨
地中海航线	COSCO	上海	伊泽米尔	上海-宁波-厦门-高雄-香港-新加坡-苏伊士坦-伊斯坦布尔-海达帕萨-伊泽米尔
欧洲航线	OOCL	福州	新加坡	福州-高雄-深圳-香港-新加坡-苏伊士-阿姆斯特丹-汉堡-安特汉普顿-卡利亚里-苏伊士-杰贝阿里-新加坡
……	……	……	……	……

出发港	目的港	航次	港口	大连	广州	海口	宁波	青岛	厦门	上海	……
三亚港区	坤甸	5	阿什杜德	2	5	0	46	28	1	64
广州港区	安科纳	5	安科纳	18	14	0	61	55	13	102
深圳港区	阿什杜德	4	巴生港	520	409	4	1406	1045	729	2694
天津港区	吉布提	6	布鲁特	23	7	0	30	48	7	38
厦门港区	吉达	18	宾土卢	4	141	0	12	9	13	70
青岛港区	安科纳	8	槟城	40	30	1	52	44	27	358
烟台港区	杜蒂戈林	2	达累斯萨拉姆	11	18	0	21	14	4	108
上海港区	贝鲁特	1	海法	14	7	0	56	43	13	54
……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……

关联强度过滤阈值	核心—边缘		分派分析
关联强度过滤阈值	初始拟合优度	最终拟合优度	初始拟合优度	最终拟合优度
均值~78	0.696	0.904	0.274	0.414
前10%~166	0.509	0.853	0.272	0.332
标准差~255	0.396	0.807	0.199	0.298

类型	港口	对外关联频次/次	比重/%
复合型枢纽港(3)	上海、深圳、宁波	31993	58.15
外向干线港(2)	青岛、天津	10393	18.89
内向直挂港(2)	广州、大连	4936	8.97
中介支线港(3)	厦门、福州、烟台	7131	12.96
边缘喂给港(5)	湛江、汕头、海口、泉州、三亚	566	1.03

Identification of Chinese key nodes in the shipping network of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

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