中国小城镇基础设施与社会经济发展的关联分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.09.007

Abstract

Abstract:

The relationship between infrastructure supply and socioeconomic development in towns is one of the key research themes in the fields of urban planning and urban geography. This relationship is a vital issue for urban planning practice and development management of towns. It is widely believed that a lack of infrastructure is one of the key factors impeding social and economic development in China's towns. However, empirical research supporting this argument is stull scarce. In particularly, an analysis at the national level is missing. This study aimed to fill the gap by using recently collected survey data from 121 towns in China. It applied grey associative analysis to identify the relationship between infrastructure and socioeconomic development in these towns. The facts, major factors, and the mechanisms for the relationship between infrastructure and socioeconomic development were analyzed. The results show that: (1) Infrastructure and socioeconomic development are significantly related with each other. The effects of socioeconomic development on infrastructure supply are stronger than the effects of infrastructure on socioeconomic development, which contradicts previous understandings; (2) The relationship between socioeconomic development and infrastructure is influenced by local economic contexts. For example, the correlations in the towns located in Northeast China are more significant, and the correlations in the towns far from megacities are stronger than those near these cities; (3) Population size and industry type also influence the relationship between the two systems. Correlations in towns with a small population or tourist towns are stronger than medium-sized towns while commerce-leading towns show greater correlations than industry-leading towns; (4) When the development quality or level is taken into account, for many towns, low level of infrastructure supply and low level of socioeconomic development coincide. In towns located in eastern China or towns that have a moderate distance to megacities, high level of infrastructure supply and high level of socioeconomic development occur at the same time; (5) For towns with a low level of socioeconomic development and infrastructure supply, insufficient infrastructure supply plays a more important role than insufficient development of socioeconomic sectors. This situation particularly happened in towns in eastern China or towns located near megacities. These findings have strong policy implications for the future development and construction of towns in China.

Key words: infrastructure supply, socioeconomic development, coordinative development, grey associative analysis, towns, China

ZHAO Pengjun, LIU Di. Analysis of the relationships between infrastructure and socioeconomic development in towns of China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(9): 1245-1256.

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一级指标	二级指标	单位
道路交通	道路用地占比	%
	每天到县城公交班数	班/d
	镇区加油站密度	个/km²
给排水	镇区自来水普及率	%
	镇区人均生活用水量	L/(人·d)
	生活废水处理率	%
	工业废水处理率	%
能源	管道燃气覆盖率	%
通信	有线电视普及率	%
通信	网络普及率	%
环卫	绿地广场用地占比	%
	生活垃圾处理率	%
	万人公厕数量	个/万人

一级指标	二级指标	单位
经济发展	GDP总量	万元
	社会固定资产投资额	万元
	公共财政收入	万元
	社会消费品总零售额	万元
产业结构	第二产业产值占比	%
产业结构	第三产业产值占比	%
生活质量	城镇居民人均可支配收入	元
	农村居民人均纯收入	元
	人均住宅面积	m²
	镇区机动车保有量	辆

	基础设施综合	交通	给排水	能源	通信	环卫
社会经济综合	0.788	0.767	0.804	0.779	0.768	0.792
经济发展	0.812	0.804	0.803	0.827	0.798	0.826
产业结构	0.725	0.736	0.743	0.739	0.704	0.721
生活质量	0.723	0.705	0.749	0.714	0.725	0.731

经济区域	基础设施综合	交通	给排水	能源	通信	环卫
东北地区	0.855	0.821	0.818	0.768	0.778	0.821
东部地区	0.773	0.786	0.769	0.764	0.795	0.800
中部地区	0.782	0.733	0.819	0.796	0.737	0.767
西部地区	0.788	0.767	0.804	0.779	0.768	0.792

距离大城市车程/h	基础设施综合	交通	给排水	能源	通信	环卫
≤ 1	0.787	0.756	0.800	0.782	0.779	0.799
1~3	0.781	0.767	0.798	0.773	0.755	0.784
≥ 3	0.814	0.791	0.831	0.797	0.792	0.803

Analysis of the relationships between infrastructure and socioeconomic development in towns of China

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分类依据	分类标准	数量/个	比例/%
按经济区域划分	东部	39	32
	中部	26	22
	西部	44	36
	东北	12	10
按人口规模划分 /万人	<0.5	40	33
	0.5~1.0	43	36
	1.0~2.0	27	22
	>2.0	11	9
按功能类型划分	商贸主导型	18	15
	工业主导型	30	25
	农业主导型	41	34
	旅游主导型	32	26

功能类型	基础设施综合	交通	给排水	能源	通信	环卫
商贸主导型	0.841	0.821	0.864	0.760	0.778	0.821
工业主导型	0.773	0.786	0.769	0.764	0.795	0.800
农业主导型	0.782	0.733	0.819	0.796	0.737	0.767
旅游主导型	0.779	0.764	0.776	0.783	0.782	0.804

基础设施项	高水平协调数量/占比	中水平协调数量/占比	低水平协调数量/占比
基础设施综合	6/17.1%	22/62.9%	7/20%
交通	2/6.2%	22/68.8%	8/25%
给排水	5/14.7%	22/64.7%	7/20.6%
通信	7/22.6%	20/64.5%	4/12.9%
环卫	1/2.6%	33/84.6%	5/12.8%

社会经济项	基础设施项	社会经济发展领先/占比	基础设施建设领先/占比
社会经济综合	基础设施综合	17/54.8%	14/45.2%
	交通	15/46.9%	17/53.1%
	给排水	12/57.1%	9/42.9%
	通信	15/48.4%	16/51.6%
	环卫	15/51.7%	14/48.3%
经济发展	基础设施综合	13/59.1%	9/40.9%
	交通	11/50.0%	11/50.0%
	给排水	13/61.9%	8/38.1%
	通信	14/73.7%	5/26.3%
	环卫	8/47.1%	9/52.9%
生活质量	基础设施综合	19/45.2%	23/54.8%
	交通	21/52.5%	19/47.5%
	给排水	20/52.6%	18/47.4%
	通信	23/46.0%	27/54.0%
	环卫	23/50.0%	23/50.0%

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