基于“多规合一”的市级国土空间优化方法——以烟台市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.004

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid economic growth and the advancement of industrialization and urbanization, China has entered into a new stage of transformation and development since the economic reform and opening-up. However, due to the sectoral management by various planning departments, different planning system and technical standards present a phenomenon of boundary crossing and spatial overlap in the land space. How to solve the problem of boundary adjustment in conflict area caused by different planning and establish a scientific and orderly spatial planning system have become important and difficult issues. Because a large amount of complex spatial information is involved in spatial planning, we also need to consider the natural and socioeconomic attributes of land space. Therefore, spatial planning under such circumstances becomes a multi-objective optimization problem for nonlinear combinations. Traditional mathematical models such as linear programming and grey linear programming cannot meet this requirement. But the development of geographic information technology provides important support for spatial optimization. Scholars have combined mathematical models with the algorithm to explore the quantitative structure and spatial optimization of regional land space. Yet, these studies essentially take land use into consideration, ignoring the systematic and hierarchical nature of land space. In addition, they have mainly considered land use planning or master urban planning but not considered the optimization of various land spatial conflicts under different planning schemes. On the basis of existing spatial optimization models and intelligent algorithm, a model of land spatial optimization with both multi-objective programming and genetic algorithm has been constructed in this study. This model aims to improve the spatial value, reduce the degree of spatial fragmentation, and coordinate various kinds of space. In order to simulate different optimization results and provide solutions for decision makers, three scenarios were set up in this study. Taking Yantai City as the research area, the multi-objective programming model was chosen to carry out the study of land spatial optimization under three kinds of planning in 2020. By using the optimization model, land space efficiency has been significantly improved, with agricultural, urban, and ecological space values increased by 23.24%, 29.27%, and 6.30%. Agricultural, urban, and ecological space values have reached 1.17×10⁹, 1.14×10¹⁰, and 6.44×10⁷ yuan. After optimization, all kinds of spaces are reasonably distributed and spatial aggregation is increased. Spatial aggregation has reached the highest level with the value of 1.5876 in the ecological protection scenario, and the degree of spatial coordination reaches 2.5245 in the economic development scenario, which is the highest of all scenarios. The experimental results show that the optimization model in this study can effectively solve the problem of land space overlap and promote effective allocation of land space. Moreover, it can improve agricultural, urban, and ecological values in the land space and coordinate the development goals of different planning. It provides a technical support for land spatial optimization in the context of "multiple planning integration" in the future.

Key words: multiple planning integration, land spatial optimization, multi-objective programming model, genetic algorithm, Yantai City

Junjie ZHANG, Yanli GAO, Yumei CAI, Wei ZHOU, Tao YUAN. Spatial optimization on the municipal level based on "multiple planning integration": A case study of Yantai City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(8): 1045-1054.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 28

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国土空间	主要内容	与三规对照
农业空间	以提供农产品服务为主,满足人类基本生存的空间。根据土地利用总体规划、基本农田分布图及农用地分等定级图划分为基本农田及一般耕地。其中包括零星的农村建设用地等。	土地利用总体规划的基本农田保护区、一般农地区及自然保留地等
城镇空间	以提供工业品或服务产品为主,促进人类发展进步的空间。以城镇建设用地为主,根据各县城市总体规划划分为建成区及拓展区域。	城市总体规划的居住用地、商业服务业设施用地及工业用地等
生态空间	以提供生态系统服务为主,保障社会可持续发展的空间。根据生态保护红线规划重新划分为禁止开发区及二级管控区。包括农用地中的非耕地等。	生态保护红线规划的结果,包括生态保护红线区和Ι类红线区

变量	内容
农业空间	与其他空间冲突的一般耕地
城镇空间	与其他空间冲突的拓展区域
生态空间	与其他空间冲突的二级管控区

变量	粮食安全	经济发展	生态保护
农业空间价值权重ω₁	0.5	0.4	0.3
城镇空间价值权重ω₂	0.2	0.5	0.1
生态空间价值权重ω₃	0.3	0.1	0.6

国土空间	粮食安全情景			经济发展情景			生态保护情景
国土空间	AS	US	ES	AS	US	ES	AS	US	ES
AS	1.0	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.8
US	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.4	0.4	1.0	0.4
ES	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.4	1.0	0.8	0.4	1.0

国土空间	优化前价值/元	优化后价值/元	增幅/%
农业空间	9.47×10⁸	1.17×10⁹	23.24
城镇空间	8.80×10⁹	1.14×10¹⁰	29.27
生态空间	6.06×10⁷	6.44×10⁷	6.30

Spatial optimization on the municipal level based on "multiple planning integration": A case study of Yantai City

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情景	单位空间价值/元			单位紧凑度	单位协调度
情景	农业空间	城镇空间	生态空间	单位紧凑度	单位协调度
粮食安全	53981	511913	2981	1.5508	2.3744
经济发展	53235	533450	2799	1.5629	2.5245
生态保护	52902	506920	3008	1.5876	2.2228

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