日常活动视角下居民健康影响的性别差异——以广州为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.07.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Public health has become a key issue in urban study particularly under the background of China's urban transformation. Previous research has little concerned about residents' health from a perspective of daily activities, and most of the existing studies were conducted in cities of Western developed countries. Based on a questionnaire survey, a structural equation model was applied to explore the relationship between the built environment, daily activities, and health of different gender groups. It is concluded that there exist different paths and degrees of influence of different gender groups. Built environment and daily activities have greater influence on women' s health. Health disparities also exist between female subgroups. As a vital variable, daily activity helps to understand the gender difference of effects on health. These conclusions broaden the framework of health influencing factor and mechanism study, and deepen the understanding of health in gender roles from a perspective of daily activities.

Key words: health, daily activities, gender difference, structural equation model, Guangzhou

Jiangyu SONG, Suhong ZHOU, Lin LIU, Dongping LONG, Luzi Xiao. Health effects of daily activities in different gender groups： Take Guangzhou as an example[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(7): 999-1010.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 49

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		全职女性(a组)		非全职女性(b组)		全职男性(c组)		合计
		样本均值或占比	与b,c组差异	样本均值或占比	与a,c组差异	样本均值或占比	与a,b组差异	合计
样本量		773		94		608		1475
自评健康	1、2=非常不健康;3、4=比较不健康;5、6=一般;7、8=比较健康;9、10=非常健康	8.00	b^*,c^*	7.34	a^*,c^*	8.17	a^*,b^*
婚姻状况	已婚	84.4%	b^*,c^	96.8%	a^*,c^*	80.4%	a^,b^*	1228
婚姻状况	未婚	15.6%	b^*,c^	3.2%	a^*,c^*	19.6%	a^,b^*	247
年龄	30岁及其以下	28.3%	b^*,c^*	17.0%	a^*,c^*	30.9%	a^*,b^*	423
	30~40(含40)	33.1%		16.0%		28.0%		441
	40~50(含50)	34.3%		29.8%		29.6%		473
	50岁以上	4.3%		37.2%		11.4%		138
文化程度	小学及以下	5.6%	b^*,c^	19.1%	a^*,c^*	3.5%	a^,b^*	84
	初中、高中(含中专、职高)	65.9%		75.5%		61.9%		955
	大专、大学本科及以上	28.5%		5%		34.7%		436
月收入水平	2000元及以下	14.8%	b^*,c^*	62.8%	a^**,c^	5.6%	a^**,b^	207
	2000~5000元	73.2%		35.1%		63.6%		983
	5000元以上	12.0%		2.1%		30.8%		282

		全职女性(a组)		非全职女性(b组)		全职男性(c组)
		均值	与b,c组差异	均值	与a,c组差异	均值	与a,b组差异
传统旧城类社区		29.4%	b^**,c	24.5%	a^,c^	28.1%	a,b^**
商业类社区		22.9%		25.5%		25.7%
高等教育原企事业单位类社区		19.7%		9.6%		19.9%
郊区类社区		28.1%		40.4%		26.3%
密度	人口密度	2.77	b^***,c	2.25	a^*,c^*	2.79	a,b^***
密度	容积率	2.58	b,c	2.60	a,c	2.54	a,b
多样性	用地混合度	0.57	b^***,c	0.51	a^*,c^*	0.58	a,b^***
多样性	餐娱类设施密度	0.01	b,c	0.01	a,c	0.01	a,b
设计	道路密度	0.11	b,c	0.08	a,c	0.12	a,b
设计	交叉口密度	0.09	b^**,c	0.08	a^*,c^	0.08	a,b^*
公交邻近度	公交车站点密度	0.20	b^***,c	0.17	a^*,c^*	0.20	a,b^***
目的可达性	商业可达性	0.67	b^*,c^	0.48	a^*,c^*	0.72	a^,b^*

		全职女性(a组)		非全职女性(b组)		全职男性(c组)
		均值或比例	与b,c组差异	均值或比例	与a,c组差异	均值或比例	与a,b组差异
活动方式	步行、自行车出行比例	69.2/%	b^*,c^*	85.7	a^*,c^*	62.7	a^*,b^*
	公共交通出行比例	21.8/%		12.8		23.3
	小汽车出行比例	8.9/%		1.5		14.0
活动空间	职住距离	3.36/km	c^**			3.93	a^**
活动空间	活动点距城市中心距离	9705.89/km	b^**,c^	12828.90	a^*,c^*	9271.17	a^,b^**
活动时间	家务时间	2.23/h	b^*,c^*	2.83	a^*,c^*	2.07	a^*,b^*
	闲暇时间	2.61/h	b^**,c	2.84	a^*,c^	2.65	a,b^*
	午餐时间	0.76/h	b^*,c^*	1.37	a^**,c^	0.93	a^**,b^
活动弹性	活动空间弹性	3.67	b^,c^**	3.14	a^,c^**	3.86	a^*,b^*
活动弹性	活动时间弹性	3.20	b^*,c^*	2.64	a^,c^**	3.39	a^*,b^*
维持活动/样本量	接送小孩活动数/样本量	7.24/%	b^,c^**	11.70	a^,c^**	2.56	a^*,b^*
维持活动/样本量	买菜总数/样本量	69.15/%	b^,c^**	85.1	a^,c^**	47.87	a^*,b^*
家务活动主要承担	男主人为主	0.64/%	b^*,c^*	0	a^*,c^*	5.02	a^*,b^*
	女主人为主	69.60/%		86.17		61.81
	其他(家中老人或钟点工)	29.76/%		13.83		33.17

内生潜变量	全职女性				非全职女性				全职男性
内生潜变量	R²	调整R²	P		R²	调整R²	P		R²	调整R²	P
自评健康	0.70	0.69	***		0.52	0.51	***		0.39	0.37	**

	全职女性			非全职女性			全职男性
测量模型	组合信度(CR)	区别效度(AVE)	α系数	组合信度(CR)	区别效度(AVE)	α系数	组合信度(CR)	区别效度(AVE)	α系数
建成环境	0.87	0.84	0.89	0.89	0.87	0.88	0.87	0.73	0.84
居民属性	0.64	0.68	0.75	0.52	0.70	0.57	0.48	0.61	0.55
日常活动	0.83	0.61	0.65	0.68	0.78	0.59	0.46	0.60	0.64
自评健康	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Health effects of daily activities in different gender groups： Take Guangzhou as an example

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	外生变量效应	健康
	外生变量效应	总体效应	直接效应	间接效应
全职女性	建成环境	0.13^**	-0.08^***	0.21^***
	居民属性	-0.14^***	-0.09^**	-0.05^***
	日常活动	-0.31^***	-0.31^***	—
非全职女性	建成环境	-0.37^**	0.27	-0.37^***
	居民属性	-0.43^***	-0.43^***	-0.09
	日常活动	0.56^**	0.56^**	—
全职男性	建成环境	0.03	-0.03	0.03^***
	居民属性	-0.19^***	-0.18^***	-0.01^***
	日常活动	-0.05^**	-0.05^***	—

潜变量	观测变量	全职女性	非全职女性	全职男性	潜变量	观测变量	全职女性	非全职女性	全职男性
健康	自评健康	1^***	1^***	1^***	居民属性	文化程度	-0.45^***	-0.73^***	-0.28^***
建成环境	人口密度	0.85^***	-0.85	0.86^***	居民属性	年龄	0.20^***	0.76^***	0.50^***
	容积率	0.59^***	-0.72^**	0.58^***	婚姻	-0.31^***	0.29^***	-0.30^***
	餐饮娱乐设施密度	0.67^***	-0.61^***	0.62^***	个人收入	-0.47^***	-0.52^**	-0.02
	用地混合度	0.69^***	-0.70^**	0.75^***	日常活动	家务时间	0.32^***	0.17	0.22^***
	交叉口密度	0.62^***	-0.81^**	0.62^***		闲暇时间	-0.02	0.66^*	-0.15^***
	道路密度	0.08^***	-0.22^*	0.14^***		活动空间	0.90^***	-0.83^***	0.93^***
	公交车站点密度	0.96^***	-0.97	0.96^***		公共交通	-0.22^***	0.05^***	-0.26^***
	商业可达性	0.73^***	-0.75	0.75^***		小汽车	0.66^***	-0.22^***	0.64^***
居民属性	家庭规模	0.71^***	0.57^***	0.69^***		空间弹性	-0.30^***	0.62^***	-0.01
居民属性	未成年孩子	0.76^***	-0.11	0.57^***	时间弹性	-0.07^*	0.28^***	0.13^**

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