尺度政治理论框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.12.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Since Neil Smith initiated the arguments of "politics of scale" based on his studies of the homeless, scale has become a hot topic in political geography. However, it is a pity that a comprehensive theoretical model of "politics of scale" has still not been developed despite of a large number of debates on the concept of scale itself and various empirical studies conducted in different cultures. In this article, we propose a three-step theoretical model of "politics of scale" based on the existing literature, especially the structural and post-structural perspectives to power, the second-abstraction view of scale, and the large volume of empirical studies on scalar politics. We argue that "politics of scale" is pillared on the processes of scalization, rescaling, and articulation of scale with power relations. Specifically, in "politics of scale" power relations are embedded in various forms of scale that can be mainly decomposed into size in material space, level in organizational space, and scope in discursive space. The existing scale frames or scalar relations are reshaped or rearticulated by different political actors. A three by three matrix is developed to incorporate the dazzling strategies of rescaling in terms of scaling-up, scaling-down, and rescaling. Different political actors will adopt different rescaling strategies to transform the power relations and legitimate/problematize governmental rationality according to their own interests. Several basic laws and paradoxes of "politics of scale" are summarized. The specific characteristics of "politics of scale" in China compared with its Western counterparts are also summarized, including the dominance of administrative level, underdevelopment of scaled discourses, and decisive roles of the Internet and international intervention. We also point out some issues worth further exploration, such as the problem of political justice in "politics of scale" and extension of the "geographical meaning" of scale in political geography. This article may contribute to the growing literature on scale and Chinese political geographical studies.

Key words: scalization, rescaling, politics of scale, political process, power relations

Fenglong WANG, Yungang LIU. Towards a theoretical framework of 'politics of scale'[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(12): 1500-1509.

Figures/Tables 2

References 59

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	尺度重构	尺度政治
字面涵义	对“尺度”的重新建构	关于尺度的“政治”
双重内涵	尺度(化)作为名词与作为动词	尺度作为宾语与定语
尺度作为结果	[名词]对尺度本身的改变;生产新的尺度	[宾语]权力关系对尺度范畴的生产和转换;对尺度定义权力的争夺
尺度作为手段	[动词]重构尺度以便……	[定语]借助尺度(的改变)重构权力关系
常见形式	尺度跳跃(jumping)、尺度结构重组(reshaping)、尺度内涵再界定(redefining)等	通过重划选区改变选举结果;通过尺度上推改变权力对比关系;通过调整国家在全球—地方中的尺度位置影响国家竞争力;通过尺度内涵再界定改变政治活动的合法性
主要应用领域	城市管治、行政区划调整	底层群体的社会抗争、受污染地区的环境运动、国家间政治经济博弈、对危机的治理等

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