公共交通影响下的北京公共服务设施可达性

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.10.006

Abstract

Abstract:

This study evaluated Beijing metropolitan public service facility accessibility, use efficiency, and supply and demand mismatch using a massive amount of spatial data. Ratio and shortest time distance methods were applied to calculate public service facility accessibility. By employing the rank correlation and spatial overlay methods, this study analyzed the mismatch between supply and demand of accessibility. The results show that the overall facility accessibility is good in Beijing. Accessibility of all types of facilities is best within the 4th ring road, where the average shortest travel time from residential areas to facilities is lowest. Facility accessibility is worst between the 5th and the 6th ring roads, where the average shortest travel time is the longest among all zones. Residential communities with high demand and high accessibility account for the highest proportion. Residential communities with high demand and low accessibility are mainly located in the eastern and northern parts of the city between the 5th and the 6th ring roads, where facility accessibility needs to be improved. Among the four types of facilities, primary schools have the highest accessibility because primary and middle schools attached greater importance to equity in access. However, hospitals and shopping malls emphasized more on spatial efficiency. For the residential communities with high demand and low accessibility, measures should be taken to improve travel modes and public transportation routes and construct new facilities in order to solve the accessibility problem and address the imbalance between supply and demand.

Key words: public transportation, public service facility, accessibility, supply and demand mismatch, Beijing

Haibing JIANG, Wenzhong ZHANG, Sheng WEI. Public service facility accessibility as influenced by public transportation in Beijing[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(10): 1239-1249.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Fig.1

Tab. 2

Tab.3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Tab. 4

References 24

[1]	韩艳红, 陆玉麒. 2012. 教育公共服务设施可达性评价与规划: 以江苏省仪征市高级中学为例[J]. 地理科学, 32(7): 822-827.
	[Han Y H, Lu Y Q.2012. Accessibility assessment and planning of public service facilities for education: A case study on senior high schools in Yizheng City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32(7): 822-827.]
[2]	侯松岩, 姜洪涛. 2014. 基于城市公共交通的长春市医院可达性分析[J]. 地理研究, 33(5): 915-925. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201405010
	[Hou S Y, Jiang H T.2014. An analysis on accessibility of hospitals in Changchun based on urban public transportation[J]. Geographical Research, 33(5): 915-925.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201405010
[3]	胡瑞山, 董锁成, 胡浩. 2012. 就医空间可达性分析的两步移动搜索法: 以江苏省东海县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 31(12): 1600-1607. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.12.005
	[Hu R S, Dong S C, Hu H.2012. A Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to primary healthcare searvice in China: A case study of Donghai county in Jiangsu Province[J]. Progress in Geography, 31(12): 1600-1607.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.12.005
[4]	蒋海兵, 徐建刚, 祁毅, 等. 2010. 基于时间可达性与伽萨法则的大卖场区位探讨: 以上海市中心城区为例[J]. 地理研究, 29(6): 1056-1068. doi: 10.11821/yj2010060011
	[Jiang H B, Xu J G, Qi Y, et al.2010. The quantitative analysis of large scale supermarkets location based on time accessibility and Gasa rules[J]. Geographical Research, 29(6): 1056-1068.] doi: 10.11821/yj2010060011
[5]	靳诚, 陆玉麒, 范黎丽. 2010. 基于公路网络的长江三角洲旅游景点可达性格局研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 25(2): 258-269. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.02.010
	[Jin C, Lu Y Q, Fan L L.2010. Research on accessibility of scenic spots in the Yangtze River Delta based on land traffic network[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 25(2): 258-269.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.02.010
[6]	孔云峰, 李小建, 张雪峰. 2008. 农村中小学布局调整之空间可达性分析: 以河南省巩义市初级中学为例[J]. 遥感学报, 12(5): 800-809. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4619.2008.05.018
	[Kong Y F, Li X J, Zhang X F.2008. Analysis of spatial accessibility for school redistricting in rural China: A case study of the secondary schools in Gongyi city, Henan Province[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 12(5): 800-809.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4619.2008.05.018
[7]	李立, 汪德根. 2012. 城市低碳公共交通对旅游景点通达性影响研究: 以苏州市为例[J]. 经济地理, 32(3): 166-172.
	[Li L, Wang D G.2012. The impact of urban low-carbon public transport to tourist attractions' accessibility: Suzhou City area as the example[J]. Economic Geography, 32(3): 166-172.]
[8]	林康, 陆玉麒, 刘俊, 等. 2009. 基于可达性角度的公共产品空间公平性的定量评价方法: 以江苏省仪征市为例[J]. 地理研究, 28(1): 215-224, 278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2009.01.022
	[Lin K, Lu Y Q, Liu J, et al.2009. Assessment of fair space of public product based on accessibility: A case of Yizheng city[J]. Geographical Research, 28(1): 215-224, 278.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2009.01.022
[9]	龙瀛. 2014. Bus routes and stops of Beijing[DB/OL]. 北京城市实验室, 2014-12-12 [2015-10-13]. .
	[Long Y. 2014. Bus routes and stops of Beijing[DB/OL]. Beijing City Lab, 2014-12-12 [2015-10-13]. .]
[10]	吕斌, 张纯, 陈天鸣. 2013. 城市低收入群体的就业可达性变化研究: 以北京为例[J]. 城市规划, 37(1): 56-63.
	[Lü B, Zhang C, Chen T M.2013. Study on changes in Job accessibility for the urban low-income: A case study of Beijing[J]. City Planning Review, 37(1): 56-63.]
[11]	宋正娜, 陈雯. 2009. 基于潜能模型的医疗设施空间可达性评价方法[J]. 地理科学进展, 28(6): 848-854. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.003
	[Song Z N, Chen W.2009. Measuring spatial accessibility to health care facilities based on potential model[J]. Progress in Geography, 28(6): 848-854.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.003
[12]	宋正娜, 陈雯, 张桂香, 等. 2010. 公共服务设施空间可达性及其度量方法[J]. 地理科学进展, 29(10): 1217-1224. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.10.009
	[Song Z N, Chen W, Zhang G X, et al.2010. Spatial accessibility to public service facilities and its measurement approaches[J]. Progress in Geography, 29(10): 1217-1224.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.10.009
[13]	陶卓霖, 程杨. 2016. 两步移动搜寻法及其扩展形式研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 35(5): 589-599. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.05.006
	[Tao Z L, Cheng Y.2016. Research progress of the two-step floating catchment area method and extensions[J]. Progress in Geography, 35(5): 589-599.] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.05.006
[14]	尹海伟, 徐建刚. 2009. 上海公园空间可达性与公平性分析[J]. 城市发展研究, 16(6): 71-76.
	[Yin H W, Xu J G.2009. Spatial accessibility and equity of parks in Shanghai[J]. Urban Studies, 16(6): 71-76.]
[15]	俞孔坚, 段铁武, 李迪华, 等. 1999. 景观可达性作为衡量城市绿地系统功能指标的评价方法与案例[J]. 城市规划, 23(8): 8-11, 43.
	[Yu K J, Duan T W, Li D H, et al.1999. Landscape accessibility as a measurement of the function of urban green system[J]. City Planning Review, 23(8): 8-11, 43.]
[16]	张莉, 陆玉麒, 赵元正. 2008. 医院可达性评价与规划: 以江苏省仪征市为例[J]. 人文地理, 23(2): 60-66.
	[Zhang L, Lu Y Q, Zhao Y Z.2008. Accessibility assessment and planning of hospital: A Case Study on Yizheng City[J]. Human Geography, 23(2): 60-66.]
[17]	张文忠, 谌丽, 党云晓, 等. 2016. 和谐宜居城市建设的理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Zhang W Z, Chen L, Dang Y X, et al.2016. Theory and practice of harmonious and livable city construction[M]. Beijing, China: Science Press.]
[18]	Burns C M, Inglis A D.2007. Measuring food access in Melbourne: Access to healthy and fast foods by car, bus and foot in an urban municipality in Melbourne[J]. Health & Place, 13(4): 877-885. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.02.005 pmid: 17470408
[19]	Guy C M.1983. The assessment of access to local shopping opportunities: A comparison of accessibility measures[J]. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 10(2): 219-238. doi: 10.1068/b100219
[20]	Jamtsho S, Corner R, Dewan A.2015. Spatio-temporal analysis of spatial accessibility to primary health care in Bhutan[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(3): 1584-1604. doi: 10.3390/ijgi4031584
[21]	Pasaogullari N, Doratli N.2004. Measuring accessibility and utilization of public spaces in Famagusta[J]. Cities, 21(3): 225-232. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2004.03.003
[22]	Talen E, Anselin L.1998. Assessing spatial equity: An evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds[J]. Environment and Planning A, 30(4): 595-613. doi: 10.1068/a300595
[23]	Widener M J.2017. Comparing measures of accessibility to urban supermarkets for transit and auto users[J]. The Professional Geographer, 69(3): 362-371. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2016.1237293
[24]	Yigitcanlar T, Sipe N, Evans R, et al.2007. A GIS-based land use and public transport accessibility indexing model[J]. Australian Planner, 44(3): 30-37.

名称	时速/(km/h)	等待时间/min	名称	时速/(km/h)	等待时间/min
地铁 1	31.89	4	地铁 10	30.48	4
地铁 2	30.63	4	地铁 13	36.00	4
地铁 3	32.22	4	地铁 14	33.60	8
地铁 5	30.91	4	地铁 15	35.91	7
地铁 6	33.63	5	地铁昌平线	37.41	7
地铁 7	30.95	5	地铁房山线	35.38	7
地铁 8	33.32	7	地铁亦庄线	33.54	7
地铁 9	31.2	6	地铁八通线	31.94	4

环线	居住小区 /%	医院 /%	小学 /%	中学 /%	购物中心 /%
4环	42.9	53.61	41.49	47.57	50.17
4-5环	20.4	18.04	19.54	18.73	18.58
5-6环	36.5	28.35	38.97	33.71	31.25
环线	-	医院平均服务小区数 /个	小学平均服务小区数 /个	中学平均服务小区数 /个	购物中心平均服务小区数 /个
4环	-	164.40	90.46	134.63	118.32
4-5环	-	233.00	91.63	163.10	152.43
5-6环	-	264.71	82.02	161.77	161.77

可达性分类/min	占居住小区总数量的比重					占街道小区总数量比重
可达性分类/min		综合性医院	小学	中学	购物中心		综合性医院	小学	中学	购物中心
0~10（可达性很好）	居住小区水平（共79623个）	22.46	43.46	30.36	28.08	街道水平（共170个）	11.18	39.41	24.71	11.18
10~20（可达性好）		44.74	42.52	42.94	46.61		58.24	50.00	51.76	63.53
20~30（可达性较差）		20.60	11.00	17.28	16.16		17.65	9.41	16.47	13.53
>30（可达性差）		12.20	3.03	9.41	9.15		12.94	1.18	7.06	11.76

Public service facility accessibility as influenced by public transportation in Beijing

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 24

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

类型/min	需求指数
小学可达性水平	很高	高	中	低
0~10（可达性很好）	8	18	20	21
10~20（可达性好）	34	17	16	18
20~30（可达性较差）	1	6	4	2
>30（可达性差）	0	2	2	1
中学可达性水平	很高	高	中	低
0~10（可达性很好）	4	10	12	16
10~20（可达性好）	29	19	21	19
20~30（可达性较差）	8	9	5	6
>30（可达性差）	2	5	4	1
购物中心可达性水平	很高	高	中	低
0~10（可达性很好）	4	1	5	9
10~20（可达性好）	33	34	22	19
20~30（可达性较差）	2	7	10	4
>30（可达性差）	4	1	5	10
医院可达性水平	很高	高	中	低
0~10（可达性很好）	0	4	8	7
10~20（可达性好）	36	24	19	20
20~30（可达性较差）	5	11	9	5
>30（可达性差）	2	4	6	10

[1]	CHEN Zhuo, LIANG Yi, JIN Fengjun. Simulation of city network accessibility and its influence on regional development pattern in China based on integrated land transport system [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(2): 183-193.
[2]	GE Yujuan, ZHAO Yuluan, LI Xiubin. Farmland fragmentation and land use intensity in mountain areas: A case study of Yayu Village, Guizhou Province [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(7): 1095-1105.
[3]	ZHU Guanyu, CHEN Peng. Spatial evolution and influencing factors of criminals’ cross-area co-offending network: An example of fraud in Beijing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(5): 792-803.
[4]	GUO Yaqi, CHEN Peng. Formation and feature analyses of crime hotspots using near repeat principle: A case study of robbery in Beijing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(5): 804-814.
[5]	ZHANG Feng, CHEN Yanguang, LIU Peng. Spatiotemporal relationships between urban system and water system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(3): 377-388.
[6]	LU Minghua, ZHOU Yueyan, LIU Hanchu, XU Xin. Spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of direct investment in Hebei Province by Beijing’s enterprises [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(3): 389-401.
[7]	LUO Kui, LI Guangdong, LAO Xin. Spatial reconstruction and optimization of industrial development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(2): 179-194.
[8]	LI Xiaoli, SONG Weixuan, WU Wei, MA Yuzhu. Beijing urban spatial cognition based on follow-up investigations:Take graduate students in the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(2): 276-285.
[9]	LIU Xiaoxiao, WU Kang. Change of industrial investment networks in the central core area of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region under the background of non-capital function dispersal [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 1972-1984.
[10]	FU Hui, LIU Yanjun, SUN Hongri, ZHOU Guolei. Spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism of cultivated land use transition in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 1985-1998.
[11]	WANG Bei, WANG Liang, LIU Yanhua, YANG Bo, HUANG Xiaochun, YANG Ming. Characteristics of jobs-housing spatial distribution in Beijing based on mobile phone signaling data [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 2028-2042.
[12]	LV Minjuan, CAO Xiaoshu. Allometric scaling analysis of population and accessibility on the Loess Plateau from 1980 to 2016 [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1884-1897.
[13]	NIU Qiang, SHEN Yingjie, ZHOU Yi, HUANG Jingnan, WANG Pan. Effect and lag period of urban agglomeration construction land growth on economic growth based on lagged variable model:A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(10): 1656-1666.
[14]	ZHANG Chun, CHENG Zhihua, YU Xiaoping, WANG Yaqun, SHEN Chen. Impact of public transportation infrastructure on employment of the low-income group in Urumqi [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(1): 111-119.
[15]	Chunjiang LI, Jing MA, Yanwei CHAI, Mei-Po KWAN. Influence of neighborhood environment and noise pollution on residents’ mental health in Beijing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(7): 1103-1110.