PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 569-584.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.05.005
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2016-09-01
Online:
2017-05-20
Published:
2017-05-20
Supported by:
Xiaodong SUN, Yating HOU. Research on negative impacts and responsibility of cruise tourism[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(5): 569-584.
Tab.1
Geographical distribution of case studies and relevant research perspectives"
研究文献 | 案例地 | 邮轮旅游的负效应研究 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
经济有限性 | 环境破坏 | 社会文化冲击 | ||
Avellaneda等(2011) | 哥伦比亚地区 | √ | ||
Baker等(2013) | 加勒比海地区 | √ | ||
Beukering等(2015) | 百慕大 | √ | ||
Brida等(2010b) | 哥斯达黎加 | √ | ||
Brida等(2011) | 卡塔赫纳(哥伦比亚) | √ | ||
Brida等(2014) | 西西里岛和撒丁岛 | √ | ||
Butt(2007) | 英国南安普顿 | √ | ||
Cari?等(2014) | 亚得里亚海 | √ | ||
Cari?等(2016) | 杜布罗夫尼克 | √ | ||
Chatzinikolaou等(2015) | 希腊比雷埃夫斯港 | √ | ||
Dawson等(2016) | 加拿大北极区 | √ | √ | √ |
Del Chiappa等(2013) | 意大利西西里岛 | √ | ||
Eijgelaar等(2010) | 南极地区 | √ | ||
Gibson等(2007) | 英格兰西南部 | √ | ||
Howitt等(2010) | 新西兰地区 | √ | ||
Hritz等(2008) | 美国基韦斯特 | √ | ||
Johnson(2006) | 加勒比海地区 | √ | ||
Jones(2007) | 百慕大 | √ | ||
Jordan等(2015) | 牙买加法尔茅斯 | √ | ||
Kaldy(2011) | 阿拉斯加 | √ | ||
Klein(2009) | 中美洲伯利兹 | √ | ||
Klein(2011) | 中美洲伯利兹 | √ | ||
Larsen等(2013) | 挪威西部 | √ | ||
Lester等(2004) | 加勒比海地区 | √ | √ | √ |
Lester等(2016) | 百慕大 | √ | √ | |
Loehr等(2006) | 阿拉斯加 | √ | ||
Macpherson(2008) | 太平洋地区 | √ | √ | |
Maragkogianni等(2015) | 希腊地区 | √ | ||
Marsh(2012) | 美国查尔斯顿 | √ | ||
Maru?i?等(2008) | 克罗地亚 | √ | ||
Poplawski等(2011) | 加拿大维多利亚港 | √ | ||
Schembari等(2014) | 地中海西部 | √ | ||
Stewart等(2011) | 加拿大北极地区 | √ | ||
Thurau等(2015) | 巴拿马运河 | √ | ||
van Beukering等(2015) | 百慕大 | √ |
Tab.2
Main sources of waste generated by cruise ships (Lester et al, 2004)"
污染源 | 说明 |
---|---|
黑水 | 生活污水。通常每位乘客每天产生10加仑黑水。 |
灰水 | 包括水槽、淋浴废水等。通常每位乘客每天产生90加仑灰水。 |
垃圾和固体废物 | 每名邮轮乘客每天可以生产3.5 kg固体废物。 |
危险废物 | 包括干洗材料、印刷废物(Print Shop Waste)、化学清洁和电池等。一艘邮轮每天可产生此类有毒废物(Toxic Waste)15加仑 |
油性舱底水 | 收集于船体的燃油、机油和废水等污染物。一艘邮轮每天可产生7000加仑此类有毒废物。 |
压载水 | 压载水用于保证船舶稳性,但排出的压载水可能引入非本地物种。 |
尾气排放 | 邮轮可排放相当于12000辆汽车产生的废气,而且在港口社区地带更为严重。 |
Tab.3
Definition of responsible tourism-related terms"
文献 | 概念 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
Klein (2011) | 负责任旅游 | ■ 最小化负面的经济、环境与社会影响。 ■ 为当地居民创造更大的经济利益,提高社区居民的福祉,改善工作条件,并允许其进入该行业。 ■ 让当地居民参与到影响其生活或生存机会的决策中来。 ■ 对自然和文化遗产保护以及维护世界多样性做出积极贡献。 ■ 通过与当地居民建立更有意义的联系和更深入地了解当地文化、社会和环境问题,为旅游者提供更愉悦的体验。 ■ 满足残障游客的旅游需求。 ■ 保持文化敏感性,建立游客和接待方之间的尊重,塑造地方自豪感和自信心。 |
Middleton (1998) | 可持续旅游 | ■ 可持续旅游是指实现一种由不同类型、不同数量的游客以及不同的企业活动构成的特定组合,在可预见的将来继续存在,而不会破坏所依赖的环境质量。 ■ 可持续旅游强调游客体验、接待地生活质量和环境保护。 |
Weeden (2002) | 伦理旅游 | ■ 伦理旅游超越可持续旅游的3个原则,认识到旅游者和旅游服务提供商必须为自己的行为和态度承担一定的道德责任。 ■ 并强调不同利益群体在旅游决策过程中的公平性。 |
Fennell (2001) | 生态旅游 | ■ 生态旅游是指带着一定的研究目的,进入相对未受干扰或未被污染的自然区域,欣赏和享受当地的自然景观和野生动植物,探索当地的文化表现形式。 ■ 生态旅游强调环境保护、有意义的社区参与以及有利可图并可持续。 |
Goodwin等(2003) | 扶贫旅游 | ■ 扶贫旅游不是特定的旅游产品,而是确保接待地贫困居民能以公平和可持续的方式获得经济利益的一种旅游开发和管理的方法。 ■ 扶贫旅游更强调“旅游扶贫”的理论,强调通过就业、小微企业发展、基础设施建设以及决策参与等方式提高贫困人口的生活条件。 |
[1] | 蔡晓霞, 牛亚菲. 2010. 中国邮轮旅游竞争潜力测度[J]. 地理科学进展, 29(10): 1273-1278. |
[Cai X X, Niu Y F.2010.Analysis on development potential of China's cruise tourism industry[J]. Progress in Geography, 29(10): 1273-1278.] | |
[2] |
杜譞, 李宏涛, 温源远. 2016. 德国汉堡港阿尔托那邮轮码头绿色岸电经验及启示[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 41(4): 40-43.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-288X.2016.04.012 |
[Du X, Li H T, Wen Y Y.2016. Experience and implications of the Onshore Power Supply Facility at the Cruise Terminal Altona in Hamburg, Germany[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 41(4): 40-43.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-288X.2016.04.012 |
|
[3] | 傅方圆, 王子轩. 2016. 基于预测的邮轮定价策略研究[J]. 山东社会科学, (S1): 265-267. |
[Fu F Y, Wang Z X.2016. Research on cruise pricing strategy based on forecasting[J]. Shandong Social Sciences, (S1): 265-267.] | |
[4] | 郭萍. 2016. 促进邮轮产业发展法制保障论略[J]. 法学杂志, 37(8): 48-54. |
[Guo P.2016. A study on the legal system protection for promotion the development of cruise industry[J]. Law Science Magazine, 37(8): 48-54.] | |
[5] | 纪洁. 2015. 基于利益相关者理论的邮轮旅游可持续发展解读[J]. 旅游论坛, 8(2): 68-74. |
[Ji J.2015. An interpretation on the sustainable development of cruise tourism based on stakeholders theory[J]. Tourism Forum, 8(2): 68-74.] | |
[6] | 贾鹏, 刘瑞菊, 孙瑞萍, 等. 2013. 基于BP神经网络的邮轮旅游需求预测[J]. 科研管理, 34(6): 77-83. |
[Jia P, Liu R J, Sun R P, et al.2013. A prediction model for cruise tourism demand based on BP neural network[J]. Science Research Management, 34(6): 77-83.] | |
[7] | 李敏, 张捷, 董雪旺, 等. 2011. 目的地特殊自然灾害后游客的认知研究: 以“5. 12”汶川地震后的九寨沟为例[J]. 地理学报, 66(12): 1695-1706. |
[Li M, Zhang J, Dong X W, et al.2011. Study of tourist perception after the special natural disaster: A case study of Jiuzhaigou after "5. 12" Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(12): 1695-1706.] | |
[8] | 李霞, 曲洪建. 2016. 邮轮旅游网络关注度的时空特征和影响因素: 基于百度指数的研究[J]. 统计与信息论坛, 31(4): 101-106. |
[Li X, Qu H J.2016. Spatial-temporal characteristics and influential factors of network attention to cruise tourism: Based on Baidu index[J]. Statistics and Information Forum, 31(4): 101-106.] | |
[9] |
卢松, 张捷, 李东和, 等. 2008. 旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的比较: 以西递景区与九寨沟景区为例[J]. 地理学报, 63(6): 646-656.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.06.009 |
[Lu S, Zhang J, Li D H, et al.2008. Comparison of resort residents' perceptions and attitudes: Case studies in Xidi Village and Jiuzhaigou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 63(6): 646-656.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.06.009 |
|
[10] |
卢松, 张捷, 苏勤. 2009. 旅游地居民对旅游影响感知与态度的历时性分析: 以世界文化遗产西递景区为例[J]. 地理研究, 28(2): 536-548.
doi: 10.11821/yj2009020026 |
[Lu S, Zhang J, Su Q.2009. The temporally comparative study of residents' perceptions and attitudes in ancient villages: A case study of Xidi Village, one of the world cultural heritage sites[J]. Geographical Research, 28(2): 536-548.]
doi: 10.11821/yj2009020026 |
|
[11] |
吕方园, 郭萍. 2014. 邮轮霸船之法律考量: 以《旅游法》为分析进路[J]. 旅游学刊, 29(10): 108-115.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2014.10.22 |
[Lv F Y, Guo P.2014. The legal consideration of occupying the cruising ferry: An analytical approach of tourism law[J]. Tourism Tribune, 29(10): 108-115.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2014.10.22 |
|
[12] | 栾晨焕. 2016. 邮轮运输突发事件应急体系及其法制衔接[J]. 中国海商法研究, 27(1): 47-54. |
[Luan C H.2016. Cruise liner transportation emergency system and its cohesion with legal system[J]. Chinese Journal of Maritime Law, 27(1): 47-54.] | |
[13] |
牛亚菲, 宋涛, 刘春凤, 等. 2010. 基于要素叠加的旅游景区经济影响域空间分异: 以八达岭长城景区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 29(2): 225-231.
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.02.014 |
[Niu Y F, Song T, Liu C F, et al.2010. Research on the economic impact domain and spatial structure of tourism areas based on the element superposition model: A case study of Badaling Tourism Area in Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 29(2): 225-231.]
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.02.014 |
|
[14] | 司玉琢, 单红军. 2013. 评述与反思: ”海娜号”邮轮韩国被扣案之法律问题[J]. 法学杂志, 34(12): 16-23. |
[Si Y Z, Shan H J.2013. Review and reflection on the legal issues of the case of Cruise Ship Hai Na[J]. Law Science Magazine, 34(12): 16-23.] | |
[15] |
孙晓东, 冯学钢. 2012. 中国邮轮旅游产业:研究现状与趋势[J]. 旅游学刊, 27(2): 101-112.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2012.02.018 |
[Sun X D, Feng X G.2012. Cruise tourism industry in China: Present situation of studies and prospect[J]. Tourism Tribune, 27(2), 101-112.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2012.02.018 |
|
[16] |
孙晓东, 冯学钢. 2013a. 邮轮公司如何定价: 基于北美市场的实证分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 28(2): 111-118.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2013.02.012 |
[Sun X D, Feng X G.2013a. How to set prices for cruise cabins: An empirical study on the North America Market[J]. Tourism Tribune, 28(2): 111-118.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2013.02.012 |
|
[17] |
孙晓东, 冯学钢. 2013b. 邮轮收益管理的舱位分配: 基于EMSR-a和EMSR-b的比较分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 28(11): 32-41.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2013.011.004 |
[Sun X D, Feng X G.2013b. Capacity allocation for cruise lines revenue management: EMSR-a VS EMSR-b[J]. Tourism Tribune, 28(11): 32-41.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2013.011.004 |
|
[18] | 孙晓东, 武晓荣, 冯学钢. 2015a. 邮轮旅游季节性特征: 基于北美市场的实证分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 30(5): 117-126. |
[Sun X D, Wu X R, Feng X G.2015a. Cruise tourism seasonality: An empirical study on the North American Market[J]. Tourism Tribune, 30(5): 117-126.] | |
[19] |
孙晓东, 武晓荣, 冯学钢. 2015b. 邮轮航线设置的基本特征与规划要素研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 30(11): 111-121.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2015.11.015 |
[Sun X D, Wu X R, Feng X G.2015b. Basic characteristics and key elements of cruise itinerary planning[J]. Tourism Tribune, 30(11): 111-121.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2015.11.015 |
|
[20] | 唐承财, 钟林生, 成升魁. 2013. 旅游地可持续发展研究综述[J]. 地理科学进展, 32(6): 984-992. |
[Tang C C, Zhong L S, Cheng S K.2013. A review on sustainable development for tourist destination[J]. Progress in Geography, 32(6): 984-992.] | |
[21] | 汪军, 周强, 杨开宇. 2012. 基于元胞自动机的邮轮码头应急疏散策略研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报: 交通科学与工程版, 36(3): 587-589, 593. |
[Wang J, Zhou Q, Yang K Y.2012. Research of emergency evacuation strategy based on cellular automata for cruise terminal[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology: Transportation Science & Engineering, 36(3): 587-589, 593.] | |
[22] | 汪侠, 甄峰, 吴小根, 等. 2010. 旅游开发的居民满意度驱动因素: 以广西阳朔县为例[J]. 地理研究, 29(5): 841-851. |
[Wang X, Zhen F, Wu X G, et al.2010. Driving factors of resident satisfaction with tourism development: A case study of Yangshuo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[J]. Geographical Research, 29(5): 841-851.] | |
[23] | 王军, 王媛. 2011. 湿地生态旅游资源开发的社区参与模式探讨: 以江苏海滨湿地保护区为例[J]. 资源科学, 33(11): 2175-2181. |
[Wang J, Wang Y.2011. Community participation patterns in ecotourism development of wetland nature reserve in Jiangsu Province: A case study in the Jiangsu Wetland Nature Reserve[J]. Resources Science, 33(11): 2175-2181.] | |
[24] | 王珏, 黄景贵. 2015. 循环经济模式下国内外邮轮旅游污染防治及其海南启示[J]. 绿色科技, (10): 296-299. |
[Wang Y, Huang J G.2015. The pollution control of domestic and foreign cruise tourism in the mode of circular economy and its implications to Hainan[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, (10): 296-299.] | |
[25] | 吴慧, 王道平, 张茜, 等. 2015. 基于云模型的国际邮轮港口竞争力评价与比较研究[J]. 中国软科学, (2): 166-174. |
[Wu H, Wang D P, Zhang Q, et al.2015. Evaluation and comparative study on competitiveness of international cruise ports based on cloud model[J]. China Soft Science, (2): 166-174.] | |
[26] |
谢芳, 李慧明, 李丹. 2010. 基于全生命周期评价的邮轮环境污染控制机理及其应对策略[J]. 海洋通报, 29(6): 702-706.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.06.019 |
[Xie F, Li H M, Li D.2010. Cruise environmental pollution control mechanism and tactics based on life-cycle assessment[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 29(6): 702-706.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.06.019 |
|
[27] |
徐菲菲, 何云梦. 2016. 环境伦理观与可持续旅游行为研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 35(6): 724-736.
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.06.006 |
[Xu F F, He Y M.2016. A review of environmental ethics and sustainable tourism behavior[J]. Progress in Geography, 35(6): 724-736.]
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.06.006 |
|
[28] | 宣国富, 陆林, 章锦河, 等. 2002. 海滨旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知: 海南省海口市及三亚市实证研究[J]. 地理科学, 22(6): 741-746. |
[Xuan G F, Lu L, Zhang J H, et al.2002. Residents' perception of tourism impacts in coast resorts: The case study of Haikou and Sanya Cities, Hainan Province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 22(6): 741-746.] | |
[29] |
杨兴柱, 陆林, 王群. 2005. 农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及应用[J]. 地理学报, 60(6): 928-940.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2005.06.006 |
[Yang X Z, Lu L, Wang Q.2005. Peasants participation in tourism decision-making behavior structural model and its application[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 60(6): 928-940.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2005.06.006 |
|
[30] | 姚治国, 陈田. 2015. 国外旅游生态效率研究综述[J]. 自然资源学报, 30(7): 1222-1231. |
[Yao Z G, Chen T.2015. Review on overseas tourism eco-efficiency studies[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 30(7): 1222-1231.] | |
[31] |
张帆. 2006. “负责任旅游”概念的起源与发展[J]. 旅游科学, 20(6): 9-14.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-575X.2006.06.002 |
[Zhang F.2006. A study of the origin and evolution of responsible tourism[J]. Tourism Science, 20(6): 9-14.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-575X.2006.06.002 |
|
[32] | 张帆. 2012. 基于负责任旅游的政府管理行为[J]. 旅游科学, 26(2): 10-18. |
[Zhang F.2012. Government management behavior in responsible tourism[J]. Tourism Science, 26(2): 10-18.] | |
[33] |
张言庆, 寇敏, 马波. 2012. 国外邮轮旅游市场研究综述[J]. 旅游学刊, 27(2): 94-100.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2012.02.017 |
[Zhang Y Q, Kou M, Ma B.2012. A study review on overseas cruise tourism market[J]. Tourism Tribune, 27(2): 94-100.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2012.02.017 |
|
[34] |
钟林生, 马向远, 曾瑜皙. 2016. 中国生态旅游研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 35(6): 679-690.
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.06.002 |
[Zhong L S, Ma X Y, Zeng Y X.2016. Progresses and prospects of ecotourism research in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 35(6): 679-690.]
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.06.002 |
|
[35] |
Avellaneda P M, Englehardt J D, Olascoaga J, et al.2011. Relative risk assessment of cruise ships biosolids disposal alternatives[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(10): 2157-2169.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.006 pmid: 21821268 |
[36] | Baker D M A, Stockton S.2013. Caribbean cruise tourism: Issues, challenges and sustainability[J]. Studies of Organisational Management & Sustainability, 1(2): 79-97. |
[37] |
Bonilla-Priego M J, Font X, del Rosario Pacheco-Olivares M.2014. Corporate sustainability reporting index and baseline data for the cruise industry[J]. Tourism Management, 44: 149-160.
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.004 |
[38] |
Bowen C, Fidgeon P, Page S J.2014. Maritime tourism and terrorism: Customer perceptions of the potential terrorist threat to cruise shipping[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(7): 610-639.
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2012.743973 |
[39] |
Brida J G, Del Chiappa G, Meleddu M, et al.2014. A comparison of residents' perceptions in two cruise ports in the Mediterranean Sea[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2): 180-190.
doi: 10.1002/jtr.1915 |
[40] |
Brida J G, Riaño E, Aguirre S Z.2011. Residents' attitudes and perceptions towards cruise tourism development: A case study of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(3): 181-196.
doi: 10.1177/1467358411415153 |
[41] |
Brida J G, Zapata S.2010a. Cruise tourism: Economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts[J]. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 1(3): 205-226.
doi: 10.1504/IJLTM.2010.029585 |
[42] |
Brida J G, Zapata S.2010b. Economic impacts of cruise tourism: The case of Costa Rica[J]. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(2): 322-338.
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687106 |
[43] |
Butt N.2007. The impact of cruise ship generated waste on home ports and ports of call: A study of Southampton[J]. Marine Policy, 31(5): 591-598.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.03.002 |
[44] |
Carić H.2016. Challenges and prospects of valuation: Cruise ship pollution case[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B): 487-498.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.033 |
[45] |
Carić H, Klobučar G, Štambuk A.2016. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of antifouling emissions in a cruise ship port[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121: 159-168.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.072 |
[46] |
Carić H, Mackelworth P.2014. Cruise tourism environmental impacts: The perspective from the Adriatic Sea[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102: 350-363.
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.008 |
[47] |
Caruana R, Glozer S, Crane A, et al.2014. Tourists' accounts of responsible tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 46: 115-129.
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2014.03.006 |
[48] |
Chan J K L, Xin T K.2015. Exploring definitions and practices of responsible tourism in Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia[J]. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(5-6): 87-101.
doi: 10.17265/2328-2169/2015.06.001 |
[49] |
Chatzinikolaou S D, Oikonomou S D, Ventikos N P.2015. Health externalities of ship air pollution at port: Piraeus port case study[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 40: 155-165.
doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.08.010 |
[50] | Cruise Industry News Quarterly (CINQ). 2012. Fact and Fiction [EB/OL]. , 2012-10-16. |
[51] | Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA). 2014a. CLIA annual state of the industry press conference & media marketplace [EB/OL]. . |
[52] | Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA). 2014b. Report on Operational Incidents 2009 to 2013 [EB/OL]. . |
[53] | Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA). 2016. CLIA Cruise Industry Outlook [EB/OL]. . |
[54] |
Dawson J, Johnston M E, Stewart E J.2014. Governance of Arctic expedition cruise ships in a time of rapid environmental and economic change[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 89: 88-99.
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.12.005 |
[55] |
Dawson J, Stewart E J, Johnston M E, et al.2016. Identifying and evaluating adaptation strategies for cruise tourism in Arctic Canada[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(10): 1425-1441.
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1125358 |
[56] |
Del Chiappa G, Abbate T.2013. Island cruise tourism development: A resident's perspective in the context of Italy[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(13): 1372-1385.
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.854751 |
[57] |
Eijgelaar E, Thaper C, Peeters P.2010. Antarctic cruise tourism: the paradoxes of ambassadorship, “last chance tourism” and greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3): 337-354.
doi: 10.1080/09669581003653534 |
[58] |
Fennell D A.2001. A content analysis of ecotourism definitions[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5): 403-421.
doi: 10.1080/13683500108667896 |
[59] |
Frey N, George R.2010. Responsible tourism management: The missing link between business owners' attitudes and behaviour in the Cape Town tourism industry[J]. Tourism Management, 31(5): 621-628.
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.017 |
[60] |
Gibson P, Bentley M.2008. A study of impacts: Cruise tourism and the South West of England[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(3-4): 63-77.
doi: 10.1300/J073v20n03_05 |
[61] |
Goodwin H, Francis J.2003. Ethical and responsible tourism: Consumer trends in the UK[J]. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(3): 271-284.
doi: 10.1177/135676670300900306 |
[62] |
Howitt O J A, Revol V G N, Smith I J, et al.2010. Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers’ travel to and from New Zealand[J]. Energy Policy, 38(5): 2552-2560.
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.050 |
[63] |
Hritz N, Cecil A K.2008. Investigating the sustainability of cruise tourism: A case study of Key West[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2): 168-181.
doi: 10.2167/jost716.0 |
[64] |
Johnson D.2002. Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: a reality check[J]. Marine Policy, 26(4): 261-270.
doi: 10.1016/S0308-597X(02)00008-8 |
[65] |
Johnson D.2006. Providing ecotourism excursions for cruise passengers[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(1): 43-54.
doi: 10.1080/09669580608668590 |
[66] |
Jones R J.2007. Chemical contamination of a coral reef by the grounding of a cruise ship in Bermuda[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(7): 905-911.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.018 pmid: 17467745 |
[67] |
Jordan E J, Vogt C A, DeShon R P.2015. A stress and coping framework for understanding resident responses to tourism development[J]. Tourism Management, 48: 500-512.
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.002 |
[68] |
Kaldy J.2011. Using a macroalgal δ15N bioassay to detect cruise ship waste water effluent inputs[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8): 1762-1771.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.023 pmid: 21683418 |
[69] | Klein R A.2009. Keeping the cruise tourism responsible: The challenge for the ports to maintain high self esteem[C]// International Conference for Responsible Tourism in Destination. Belmopan, Belize. |
[70] |
Klein R A.2011. Responsible cruise tourism: Issues of cruise tourism and sustainability[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1): 107-116.
doi: 10.1375/jhtm.18.1.107 |
[71] |
Larsen S, Wolff K, Marnburg E, et al.2013. Belly full, purse closed: Cruise line passengers' expenditures[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6: 142-148.
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2013.02.002 |
[72] |
Lester J A, Weeden C.2004. Stakeholders, the natural environment and the future of Caribbean cruise tourism[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1): 39-50.
doi: 10.1002/jtr.471 |
[73] |
Lester S E, White C, Mayall K, et al.2016. Environmental and economic implications of alternative cruise ship pathways in Bermuda[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 132: 70-79.
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.08.015 |
[74] |
Loehr L C, Beegle-Krause C J, George K, et al.2006. The significance of dilution in evaluating possible impacts of wastewater discharges from large cruise ships[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52(6): 681-688.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.10.021 pmid: 16406006 |
[75] |
Macpherson C.2008. Golden goose or Trojan horse? Cruise ship tourism in Pacific development[J]. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 49(2): 185-197.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8373.2008.00369.x |
[76] |
Maragkogianni A, Papaefthimiou S.2015. Evaluating the social cost of cruise ships air emissions in major ports of Greece[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 36: 10-17.
doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.014 |
[77] |
Marsh E A.2012. The effects of cruise ship tourism in coastal heritage cities: A case study of Charleston, South Carolina[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2(2): 190-199.
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2187653 |
[78] |
Marti B E.2004. Trends in world and extended-length cruising (1985-2002)[J]. Marine Policy, 28(3): 199-211.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2003.09.004 |
[79] |
Marušić Z, Horak S, Tomljenović R.2008. The socioeconomic impacts of cruise tourism: A case study of Croatian destinations[J]. Tourism in Marine Environments, 5(2): 131-144.
doi: 10.3727/154427308787716767 |
[80] | Middleton V T C.1998. Sustainable tourism: A marketing perspective[M]. Oxford, United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann. |
[81] |
Mileski J P, Wang G, Beacham L L IV.2014. Understanding the causes of recent cruise ship mishaps and disasters[J]. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 13: 65-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.12.001 |
[82] |
Nowak J J, Sahli M.2007. Coastal tourism and 'Dutch disease' in a small island economy[J]. Tourism Economics, 13(1): 49-65.
doi: 10.5367/000000007779784452 |
[83] |
Poplawski K, Setton E, McEwen B, et al.2011. Impact of cruise ship emissions in Victoria, BC, Canada[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 45(4): 824-833.
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.029 |
[84] |
Prina L D, Orazi U N, Weber R E.2001. Evaluation of emergency air evacuation of critically ill patients from cruise ships[J]. Journal of Travel Medicine, 8(6): 285-292.
doi: 10.2310/7060.2001.23971 pmid: 11726292 |
[85] |
Rodrigue J P, Notteboom T.2013. The geography of cruises: itineraries, not destinations[J]. Applied Geography, 38: 31-42.
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.11.011 |
[86] |
Schembari C, Bove M C, Cuccia E, et al.2014. Source apportionment of PM10 in the Western Mediterranean based on observations from a cruise ship[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 98: 510-518.
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.015 |
[87] |
Stewart E J, Dawson J, Draper D.2011. Cruise tourism and residents in Arctic Canada: Development of a resident attitude typology[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1): 95-106.
doi: 10.1375/jhtm.18.1.95 |
[88] |
Sun X D, Feng X G, Gauri D K.2014. The cruise industry in China: Efforts, progress and challenges[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42: 71-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.05.009 |
[89] |
Sun X D, Jiao Y, Tian P.2011. Marketing research and revenue optimization for the cruise industry: A concise review[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(3): 746-755.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.11.007 |
[90] |
Terry W C.2011. Geographic limits to global labor market flexibility: The human resources paradox of the cruise industry[J]. Geoforum, 42(6): 660-670.
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.06.006 |
[91] |
Teye V B, Leclerc D.1998. Product and service delivery satisfaction among North American cruise passengers[J]. Tourism Management, 19(2): 153-160.
doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00107-6 |
[92] |
Thurau B, Seekamp E, Carver A D, et al.2015. Should cruise ports market ecotourism? A comparative analysis of passenger spending expectations within the panama canal watershed[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1): 45-53.
doi: 10.1002/jtr.1965 |
[93] |
Toh R S, Rivers M J, Ling T W.2005. Room occupancies: cruise lines out-do the hotels[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(1): 121-135.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.05.005 |
[94] | van Beukering P, Sarkis S, van der Putten L, et al.2015. Bermuda׳s balancing act: The economic dependence of cruise and air tourism on healthy coral reefs[J]. Ecosystem Services, 11: 76-86. |
[95] |
Véronneau S, Roy J.2009. Global service supply chains: An empirical study of current practices and challenges of a cruise line corporation[J]. Tourism Management, 30(1): 128-139.
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.05.008 |
[96] |
Weeden C.2002. Ethical tourism: An opportunity for competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(2): 141-153.
doi: 10.1177/135676670200800204 |
|