资源环境耗损过程评价方法及其应用

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Establishing the mechanism of monitoring and early-warning of resource and environmental carrying capacity is an innovative work of comprehensively deepening reforms in China. An important approach to analyze resource and environmental carrying capacity is to measure the trend of resource and environmental depletion. Based on the three perspectives of resource consumption, environmental damage, and ecological quality change, this study developed an evaluation method of resource and environmental depletion and carried out a trial evaluation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results show that the developed method is effective to objectively reflect the changing trend of resource and environmental conditions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Trial evaluation shows that in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, water and soil resource use efficiency is becoming better, 80% units are in the type of high efficiency. Pollutant emission intensity continued to decline in the past decade, but there are also 33% units staying in the type of high intensity. The overall ecological quality is in a state of gradual decline and the average annual rate of decline is 1.2%. From the perspective of indicators combination, units whose water and soil resources utilization efficiency increase at the same time have the largest number. The combination of pollutant emission intensity presents polarization characteristics. Resource and environmental consumption is more intensive in city areas than that in the counties.

Key words: resource and environmental depletion, process evaluation, resource and environmental carrying capacity, evaluation method, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Jianhui YU, Wenzhong ZHANG, Jiaming LI. Evaluation method of resource and environmental depletion and application[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(3): 350-358.

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概念层	类别层	指标层	指标数据
资源环境耗损指数	资源利用效率变化	城镇土地资源利用效率变化农村土地资源利用效率变化水资源利用效率变化能矿资源利用效率变化	单位GDP建设用地面积变化率单位GDP耕地面积变化率单位GDP用水量变化率单位GDP标准煤耗变化率
	污染物排放强度变化	水污染物排放强度变化大气污染物排放强度变化固体废弃物排放强度变化	单位GDP化学需氧量（COD）排放强度变化率单位GDP二氧化硫（SO₂）排放强度变化率单位GDP固体废弃物排放强度变化率
	生态质量变化	林草质量变化湿地质量变化物种多样性变化气候适宜度变化	林草覆盖变化率湿地面积变化率物种丰富度变化率年平均气温变化率

概念层	类别层	指标层(关键指标)	数据层
资源环境耗损指数	资源利用效率变化	土地资源利用效率变化(建设用地)	10年年均变化率
	资源利用效率变化	水资源利用效率变化(用水量)	10年年均变化率
	污染物排放强度变化	水污染物排放强度变化(COD)	10年年均变化率
	污染物排放强度变化	大气污染物排放强度变化(SO₂)	10年年均变化率
	生态质量变化	林草覆盖率变化	10年年均变化率

指标	类别	指向	阈值标准
资源利用效率变化	低效率类	变化趋差	两类效率变化指标均低于全国平均水平
资源利用效率变化	高效率类	变化趋良	除上述情况外的其他情况
污染物排放强度变化	高强度类	变化趋差	两类强度变化指标均高于全国平均水平
污染物排放强度变化	低强度类	变化趋良	除上述情况外的其他情况
生态质量变化	低质量类	变化趋差	林草覆盖率年均变化率低于全国平均水平
生态质量变化	高质量类	变化趋良	林草覆盖率年均变化率不低于全国平均水平

指数名称	类别	分类标准
资源环境耗损指数	加剧型	三类指数变化中有至少两项均趋向差的方向
资源环境耗损指数	趋缓型	除上述情况外的其他情况

资源环境耗损指数	污染物排放强度变化	资源利用效率变化	生态质量变化	区县个数	占比/%
加剧型	低强度类	低效率类	低质量类	7	23.3
	高强度类	低效率类	低质量类	4	13.3
	高强度类	低效率类	高质量类	10	33.3
	高强度类	高效率类	低质量类	9	30.0
	合计			30	100.0
趋缓型	低强度类	低效率类	高质量类	20	11.6
	低强度类	高效率类	低质量类	33	19.1
	低强度类	高效率类	高质量类	75	43.4
	高强度类	高效率类	高质量类	45	26.0
合计				173	100.0

Evaluation method of resource and environmental depletion and application

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区域类别	土地面积	年末总人口	第二产业增加值	年末单位从业人员数	固定资产投资
加剧型地区占比/%	11.9	22.0	23.2	18.1	18.0
趋缓型地区占比/%	88.1	78.0	76.8	81.9	82.0

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