基于可持续生计的精准扶贫分析方法及应用研究——以四川凉山彝族自治州为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Targeted poverty alleviation refers to focusing on the poor in anti-poverty programs and enhancing the ability of those who desire to fight against poverty. Sustainable livelihoods framework facilitates exploring the influencing factors and formation of poverty, which is useful in standardized and systematic research on precision poverty alleviation. Based on this framework, our study sets up an analytical framework to divide precision poverty alleviation into four stages and five links in order to assist the poor to reduce poverty; it also discusses the basic components of multidimensional poverty identification index (MPII) from the perspective of internal and external causes of difficulties in farmers' livelihood. Taking Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as the example, we establish a unique MPII index system. A total of 420 households are identified as impoverished families. About 80% of the designated poor households (who are registered at the government office) overlap with the identified families; and the identified poor households are the poorest among those who have been registered, both in individual dimensions and the integrated dimension, so the identification is more accurate. The poor households can be divided into five types: lack of human capitals, lack of primary capitals, lack of social capitals, lack of multidimensional capitals, and living in severe environmental condition. Corresponding measures have been proposed in accordance with the causes of poverty conditions.

Key words: targeted poverty alleviation, poverty identification, support measures, sustainable livelihoods, multidimensional poverty identification index (MPII), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Renwei HE, Guangqin LI, Yunwei LIU, Lina LI, Fang FANG. Theoretical analysis and case study on targeted poverty alleviation based on sustainable livelihoods framework:A case study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(2): 182-192.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Indicators and weights of livelihood capitals and livelihood environment"

项目	指标/权重	解释与赋值
人力资本(H)	劳动能力(H1)/0.4	对16~60岁劳动力按身体健康状况赋值： “优”赋值5,“良”赋值4,“一般”赋值3,“较差”赋值2,“很差”赋值1,“丧失劳动能力”赋值0
	教育文化(H2)/0.3	文盲(不会讲汉语)赋值0;文盲(能讲汉语)赋值1;小学赋值2;初中赋值3;高中或中专赋值4;大专以上赋值5
	职业技能(H3)/0.3	无劳动能力的人口赋值0;农业劳动力(主要从事农业经营劳动者)赋值1;非农业劳动力(主要从事非农业劳动经营,或有一定的手艺,经常从事非农生计活动)赋值2;受雇佣的劳动力(长期受雇于企业主,有比较稳定收入者)赋值3;其他(与务农家属一起居住在农村,在非企业组织(如政府等)供职或从事个体经营的劳动者)赋值4
社会资本(S)	政治资本(S1)/0.3	家庭成员是否有乡村干部：如果有,赋值为1;没有赋值为0
	联系成本(S2)/0.2	通信费：户主月均电话消费/元
	就业资本(S3)/0.5	寻找外出务工机会可求助的亲友数量/人
自然资本(N)	人均耕地面积(N1)/0.5	人均耕地面积/亩：正在经营的耕地面积总和,包括自留地、承包土地、租用及转包其他农户的耕地面积
自然资本(N)	粮食单产(N2) /0.5	亩均耕地粮食产量/公斤
物质资本(P)	住房情况(P1)/0.4	人均住房面积：50 m²以上赋值5;40~50 m²赋值4;30~40 m²赋值3; 20~30 m²赋值2;20 m²以下赋值1
	住房情况(P1)/0.4	住房结构：钢混赋值5;砖混赋值4;砖木赋值3;土木赋值2;木房/草房赋值1
	居住条件(P2)/0.3	户外道路：乡镇道路赋值5;村主干道赋值4;村道支道(能通行小型农用车)赋值3;村间小道(能通行摩托车)赋值2;山路、陡坡路(仅能供畜力运输工具通行)赋值1
	居住条件(P2)/0.3	卫生设备：水冲式厕所赋值2;旱厕赋值1;无厕所赋值0
	拥有财产(P3)/0.3	耐用消费品和大型生产性工具：农户所拥有的耐用消费品和大型生产性工具的种类数占所有选项种类数的比例/%
金融资本(F)	现金资本(F1)/0.7	现金量：家庭年人均现金收入/元
金融资本(F)	信贷资本(F2)/0.3	获得信贷的机会：从农村信用社、商业银行等获得贷款的机会：如果有,赋值1;没有赋值0
生计环境(E)	自然灾害状况(E1)/(1/3)	是否受滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等地质灾害严重危害和威胁。如果是,赋值1;如果否,赋值0
	基础设施状况(E2)/(1/3)	是否安装自来水	如果是,赋值1;如果否,赋值0。基础设施状况得分等于水、电、路等三项基础设施得分之和
		是否通电
		户外是否通公路^*
	公共服务状况(E3)/(1/3)	离最近卫生站的时间距离	0~15分钟赋值1; 15~30分钟赋值0.5;大于30分钟赋值0。总得分等于卫生站、小学、公交站等三项公共服务得分之和
		离最近小学的时间距离
		离最近公交站的时间距离

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

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指数维度	建档立卡的420户农户			本文识别出的420户农户
指数维度	最小值	最大值	平均值	最小值	最大值	平均值
人力资本	0.0308	0.5014	0.2381	0.0294	0.4911	0.2325
社会资本	0.0235	0.5459	0.2836	0.0232	0.5538	0.2792
自然资本	0.1763	0.5137	0.3145	0.1758	0.5081	0.3092
物质资本	0.0817	0.4362	0.2396	0.0546	0.4362	0.2358
金融资本	0.0262	0.4193	0.2517	0.0259	0.4207	0.2448
生计环境	-0.2222	0.5556	0.1867	-0.2222	0.5556	0.1667
MPII	0.3684	2.2162	1.6334	0.3684	2.1487	1.5839

农户贫困类型	贫困原因	贫困农户样本及比例
农户贫困类型	贫困原因	5维(5大生计资本)标准划分	生计环境脆弱型贫困农户分布	6维标准综合划分
人力资本贫困型	缺乏：H	20户(4.76%)	0户(0.00%)	20户(4.76%)
基础型资本贫困型	N、P、F等3类资本中至少有1种缺乏	116户(27.62%)	24户(5.71%)	92户(21.90%)
社会资本贫困型	缺乏：S	85户(20.24%)	4户(0.95%)	81户(19.29%)
多维资本贫困型	基础型资本、H、S 3种贫困类型的任2种叠加或3种类型同时叠加	199户(47.38%)	181户(43.09%)	18户(4.29%)
生计环境恶劣型	生计环境脆弱的贫困农户	—	—	209户(49.76%)

Theoretical analysis and case study on targeted poverty alleviation based on sustainable livelihoods framework:A case study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

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