苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.02.003

Abstract

Abstract:

In the past decades the Chinese society and economy have experienced a great transformation. Residential differentiation is intensified and the new urban poverty phenomenon concentrates in specific population and space. Declining neighborhoods in old towns are one of the most representative areas of urban poverty. According to a survey conducted in six typical neighborhoods in the old town of Suzhou City, satisfaction level of the residents about the social environment is higher than the physical environment, and residential satisfaction level in the southern traditional city center communities is higher than that of the north. Higher residential satisfaction level can also be expected in communities with renovated housing and infrastructure but old residents than that without modification or experienced a destruction of the original stable social network contact. With a strong sense of loss and low residential satisfaction level, low-income local residents who are relatively deprived of in the rapid development process of the city are easier to involve in conflict with migrants. Residential satisfaction level is mainly determined by housing conditions, community environments, infrastructure and facilities, and social contact. The pattern of urban historical social space sets the foundation of the urban environment. Time since being built, maintenance, population density, and renewal opportunities affect the condition of specific community facilities. Population replacement caused by urban renewal, emigration or death of local residents, and migrant population will reduce residential satisfaction level and opportunities of poverty alleviation. High density of population makes neighborhood disputes more likely and the high homogeneity of the place is conducive to community harmony. Research on community scale residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining neighborhoods in old towns not only can help deepen the understanding of new urban poverty, but also benefits urban renewal process and poverty alleviation aimed at these areas.

Key words: new urban poverty, declining neighborhoods in old town, residential satisfaction level, living environment, social network, old town of Suzhou

Jian FENG, Wensheng LIN. Residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining old town residents in Suzhou[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(2): 159-170.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.2

Tab.7

Linear multivariate regression analysis between residential satisfaction level and influencing factors"

变量性质	变量	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5
个人社会经济属性	性别(男性#)	0.012	0.008	0.006	0.003	0.001
	户籍(本地户口#)	-0.091	-0.085	-0.08	-0.069	-0.045
	年龄(60岁以上#)
	25岁以下	0.044	0.026	0.025	0.020	0.028
	25~44岁	0.074	0.050	0.046	0.025	0.016
	45~59岁	-0.131^*	-0.130^*	-0.127^*	-0.125^*	-0.122^*
	受教育程度(本科及以上#)
	小学	0.031	0.026	0.049	0.046	0.031
	初中	-0.098	-0.065	-0.061	-0.07	-0.028
	高中	-0.075	-0.066	-0.09	-0.064	-0.048
	大专	0.024	0.018	0.049	0.010	0.012
	收入水平(中高收入#)
	绝对贫困	0.085	0.049	0.036	0.040	0.037
	相对贫困	-0.132^*	-0.990	-0.880	-0.079	0.136^*
	中低收入	-0.059	-0.043	0.018	0.020	0.046
	就业状态(有全职工作#)
	兼职或零工	-0.045	-0.023	0.024	-0.019	-0.016
	离退休	-0.025	-0.021	-0.019	-0.017	-0.018
	下岗失业	-0.136^*	-0.127^*	-0.101^*	-0.087	-0.117^*
	家庭主妇或学生	-0.035	-0.01	-0.018	-0.008	-0.004
	职业(个体#)
	政府部门或事业单位	0.085	0.057	0.079	0.059	0.046
	国有企业	0.167^**	0.145^*	0.131^*	0.128^*	0.113^*
	民营企业	-0.060	-0.005	-0.015	0.004	0.003
	外资或合资企业	0.072	0.050	0.020	0.011	0.019
	居住时间(一直在此居住#)
	半年以内	0.033	0.031	0.013	0.008	0.006
	半年~2年	0.127^*	0.119	0.089	0.087	0.780
	2~5年	0.058	0.050	0.040	0.035	0.028
	5年以上	0.06	0.044	0.030	0.017	0.009
住房性质	是否属于回迁房	0.172^**	0.171^**	0.170^**	0.165^**	0.158^**
住房性质	房屋产权(私房#)	0.160^**	0.146^*	0.144^*	0.124^*	0.123^*
居住环境	住房条件		0.442^***	0.419^***	0.366^***	0.303^***
	社区环境			0.255^**	0.245^**	0.229^**
	配套设施				0.223^**	0.214^**
社会网络	邻里关系					0.181^**
	交往规模					0.133^*
	交往深度					0.145^*

Tab.7

Fig.3

Fig.4

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调研社区	发放问卷/份	实际常住人口/人	人口密度/(人/km²)	人户分离比例/%	流动人口比例/%	享受低保人员比重/%	老龄化程度/%
北园社区	55	4400	11000	55.56	45.45	2.50	27.03
阊门社区	58	6843	20736	50.00	56.16	3.50	24.38
历史街区社区	52	8500	18750	32.50	26.67	2.22	23.58
道前社区	55	4820	29570	25.00	43.57	0.81	16.99
定慧寺社区	52	5000	16666	21.19	25.62	0.22	22.00
桂花社区	52	4858	16193	19.24	30.88	0.06	21.10

属性	分类	样本比例/%	老城区比例/%	属性	分类	样本比例/%
性别	男	47.13	51.60		>6091元	6.57
性别	女	52.87	48.40	住房类型	单位分配	17.95
户籍	本地户籍	87.23	82.76		回迁房	2.56
户籍	外地户籍	12.77	17.24		租户		29.17
年龄	<25岁	4.46	24.97	自购房产	46.15
	25~44岁	37.58	26.08	其他		4.17
	45~59岁	35.67	24.80	就业状态/职业	下岗或失业	7.10
	60岁及以上	22.29	24.15		兼职或零散工作	6.48
受教育程度	小学及以下	5.96	6.06		离退休	38.58
	初中	24.14	29.55		政府部门或事业单位		4.58
	高中(含中专、技校)	37.30	31.95	国有企业		14.74
	大专	19.12	18.26	民营企业		13.74
	本科及以上	13.48	14.18	外资/合资企业		3.78
居住时间	半年以内	1.59		个体	6.37
	半年~2年	6.37		其他(如家庭主妇、学生等)		4.63
	2~5年	7.96		就业地	姑苏区	80.19
	5年以上	35.67			虎丘区	1.89
	一直在此居住	48.41			吴中区	4.72
人均月收入^*	<750元	4.15			相城区	0.94
	750~2750元	55.02		苏州高新区		4.25
	2750~6091元	34.26		苏州工业园区		8.02

调研社区	主要就业地	比重/%
北园社区	平江路街道	84.85
阊门社区	平江路街道	60.61
历史街区社区	平江路街道	60.00
道前社区	沧浪街道	77.78
定慧寺社区	沧浪街道	84.62
桂花社区	沧浪街道	87.88

变量性质	变量	变量定义
控制变量：个人社会经济属性	性别	受访者性别
	户籍	分为本地户籍与外地户籍
	年龄	受访者年龄,分为4档
	受教育水平	受访者受教育程度,分为5档
	收入水平	受访者个人月收入,分为4档
	就业状态	受访者就业状态,分为5类
	职业	受访者职业,分为5类
	居住时间	受访者在本小区居住时间,分为5档
控制变量：房屋性质	回迁房	是否属于回迁房
控制变量：房屋性质	房屋产权	是否拥有房屋产权
自变量1：住房条件	住房品质	受访者对住房面积、住房质量的评价得分均值
自变量2：社区环境	社区环境	受访者对社区治安、绿化、社区服务、卫生条件、物业管理的评价得分均值
自变量3：配套设施	配套设施	受访者对社区交通、市场商业、学校托幼、康乐设施的评价得分均值
自变量4：社会网络	邻里关系	受访者对社区邻里关系评价
	交往规模	受访者能叫出名字的居民人数
	交往深度	受访者与邻里交往深度加权得分

	北园社区	阊门社区	历史街区社区	道前社区	桂花社区	定慧寺社区	本地居民	外来人口	平均满意度
治安	3.52	3.49	3.79	3.81	3.83	4.46	3.80	3.87	3.97
邻里关系	3.75	3.79	3.90	3.62	3.73	4.51	3.83	3.98	3.85
社区服务	3.49	3.37	3.71	3.83	3.66	4.60	3.73	4.05	3.77
交通	3.51	3.53	3.60	3.70	3.85	4.42	3.72	3.77	3.76
市场商业	3.38	3.35	3.62	3.65	3.51	4.45	3.65	3.69	3.66
学校托幼	2.98	3.45	3.56	3.58	3.64	4.29	3.57	3.67	3.58
卫生条件	3.24	3.26	3.54	3.63	3.38	4.33	3.52	3.80	3.56
小区绿化	3.02	3.13	3.44	3.57	3.54	4.40	3.48	3.73	3.51
康乐设施	3.02	3.07	3.33	3.56	3.63	4.52	3.52	3.48	3.51
住房面积	3.00	3.07	3.17	3.40	3.50	4.46	3.40	3.62	3.43
住房质量	2.89	3.02	3.23	3.50	3.59	4.27	3.38	3.45	3.39
物业管理	2.76	3.02	3.10	3.50	3.41	4.31	3.25	3.79	3.32
对本楼和现居所整体满意度	3.29	3.36	3.40	3.40	3.52	4.50	3.54	3.82	3.58
对所在小区整体满意度	3.10	3.21	3.37	3.39	3.48	4.37	3.46	3.73	3.50
平均满意度	3.21	3.29	3.48	3.58	3.59	4.42	3.57	3.74	3.59

Residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining old town residents in Suzhou

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