中国近地表气温直减率及其季节和类型差异

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The lapse rate of near-surface air temperature is a critical parameter for obtaining high-precision air temperature products, especially in mountainous areas. The average lapse rate for the troposphere is 0.65℃/100 m, which cannot depict the seasonal and type differences in near-surface air temperature. This study used data from 839 Chinese national-level meteorological stations in 2000-2013 to calculate the lapse rates of seasonal mean air temperature (lr_meanT), seasonal mean minimum air temperature (lr_minT), and seasonal mean maximum air temperature (lr_maxT) based on a multiple regression method at the national and regional scales, respectively. A spatial interpolation algorithm was used to validate the reliability of these lapse rates, and the seasonal and type differences were analyzed. The following results were obtained: (1) At the national scale, all the lapse rates are smaller than 0.65℃/100 m. The seasonal differences of lr_minT, lr_meanT, and lr_maxT are 0.05, 0.13, and 0.24℃/100 m, respectively. Generally, the lapse rates of the summer are greater than those of the winter. The differences among the three types of lapse rates of air temperature are 0.12, 0.05, 0.11, and 0.26℃/100 m, respectively, in spring, summer, fall and winter. Generally, lr_minT is the largest, while lr_maxT is the smallest. (2) At the regional scale by the comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, the lapse rates are also mostly smaller than 0.65℃/100 m. There are spatial differences for each type of lapse rate—the spatial ranges of annual lr_minT, lr_meanT, and lr_maxT are 0.27-1.66℃/100 m, 0.22-1.03℃/100 m, and-0.10-0.83℃/100 m, respectively. The seasonal differences of lapse rates are mostly greater than or equal to 0.10℃/100 m, and the lapse rates of the summer are mostly greater than those of the winter. The differences among the three types of lapse rates in half of the regions are greater than 0.10℃/100 m. lr_maxT is larger than lr_minT and lr_meanT for half of the regions in spring, summer, and fall, while lr_minT is usually the largest in winter. Because of the seasonal differences, spatial differences, and differences among the three types of temperature lapse rates, temperature lapse rate should be determined for each season, region, and temperature type.

Key words: lapse rate of near-surface air temperature, comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, mean air temperature, mean minimum air temperature, mean maximum air temperature, China

Jingchao JIANG, Junzhi LIU, Chengzhi QIN, Yamin MIAO, A-Xing ZHU. Near-surface air temperature lapse rates and seasonal and type differences in China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(12): 1538-1548.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

References 22

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季节/年	平均气温	平均最低气温	平均最高气温
春	□0.44^***	□0.50^***	□0.38^***
夏	□0.46^***	□0.48^***	□0.43^***
秋	□0.44^***	□0.48^***	□0.37^***
冬	□0.33^***	□0.45^***	□0.19^***
年	□0.42^***	□0.48^***	□0.34^***

季节/年	平均气温			平均最低气温			平均最高气温
季节/年	RMSE-IDW		RMSE-DEM		RMSE-IDW	RMSE-DEM	RMSE-IDW	RMSE-DEM
春	3.14	1.59		3.19	1.66		3.23	1.89
夏	2.92	1.10		2.93	1.16		3.04	1.43
秋	2.93	1.49		3.14	1.77		2.86	1.57
冬	3.37	2.50		3.80	2.70		3.11	2.59
年	2.99	1.55		3.19	1.74		2.93	1.72

大区	区域ID	春	夏	秋	冬	年
东部季风区	1	○0.65^*	×0.83^*	○0.59^×	×-0.15^×	×0.48^×
	2	□0.56^***	□0.58^***	□0.59^***	□0.51^***	□0.56^***
	3	□0.74^***	□0.91^***	□0.73^***	□0.15^×	□0.63^**
	4	□0.61^***	□0.62^***	□0.58^***	□0.51^***	□0.58^***
	5	□0.62^*	□0.58^**	□1.27^***	□1.66^***	□1.03^***
	6	□0.54^***	□0.57^***	□0.49^***	□0.49^***	□0.52^***
	7	□0.56^***	□0.62^***	□0.48^***	□0.36^***	□0.51^***
	8	□0.45^***	□0.58^***	□0.50^***	□0.40^***	□0.48^***
	9	□0.50^***	□0.52^***	□0.42^***	□0.42^***	□0.46^***
	10	□0.46^***	□0.59^***	□0.57^***	□0.40^***	□0.50^***
	11	□0.50^***	□0.62^***	□0.53^***	□0.40^***	□0.51^***
	12	□0.55^***	□0.56^***	□0.53^***	□0.57^***	□0.55^***
	13	□0.48^***	□0.55^***	□0.53^***	□0.50^***	□0.52^***
	14	□0.56^***	□0.51^***	□0.49^***	□0.47^***	□0.51^***
	15	□0.23^***	□0.48^***	□0.42^***	□0.17^*	□0.32^***
	17	□0.11^×	○0.36^**	△0.35^*	□0.07^×	□0.22^×
	18	△0.39^**	□0.50^***	□0.50^***	△0.36^*	□0.44^**
西北干旱区	20	○0.68^×	×1.02^×	○0.67^×	△0.25^×	○0.66^×
	21	□0.81^***	□0.77^***	□0.72^***	□0.89^***	□0.80^***
	22	□0.63^***	□0.52^***	□0.46^**	□0.43^*	□0.51^***
	23	△0.77^**	△0.79^**	○0.60^**	○0.38^*	○0.64^**
	24	□0.53^***	□0.63^***	□0.41^***	×-0.20^×	△0.34^**
	26	□0.71^***	□0.72^***	□0.56^***	○0.25^*	□0.56^***
	27	□0.68^***	□0.74^***	□0.45^***	□0.32^*	□0.55^***
青藏高寒区	29	□0.63^***	□0.53^***	□0.58^***	□0.66^***	□0.60^***
	30	○0.85^**	○0.69^*	○0.76^**	○0.81^**	○0.78^**
	31	□0.64^***	□0.66^***	□0.56^***	□0.47^***	□0.58^***
	32	□0.55^***	□0.53^***	□0.40^***	△0.36^**	□0.46^***

大区	区域ID	春	夏	秋	冬	年
东部季风区	1	×0.77^×	×0.92^×	×0.66^×	×-0.17^×	×0.55^×
	2	□0.70^***	□0.78^***	□0.73^***	□0.71^**	□0.73^***
	3	□0.69^*	□0.97^***	□0.85^*	□0.12^×	□0.66^×
	4	□0.51^***	□0.54^***	□0.47^**	□0.45^**	□0.49^***
	5	□1.26^***	□1.10^***	□1.96^***	□2.33^***	□1.66^***
	6	□0.54^***	□0.59^***	□0.52^***	□0.55^***	□0.55^***
	7	□0.44^***	□0.52^***	□0.40^***	□0.30^***	□0.41^***
	8	□0.44^***	□0.52^***	□0.47^***	□0.43^***	□0.47^***
	9	□0.53^***	□0.57^***	□0.50^***	□0.52^***	□0.53^***
	10	□0.43^***	□0.51^***	□0.51^***	□0.41^***	□0.46^***
	11	□0.47^***	□0.55^***	□0.49^***	□0.41^***	□0.48^***
	12	□0.56^***	□0.54^***	□0.55^***	□0.60^***	□0.56^***
	13	□0.49^***	□0.50^***	□0.53^***	□0.52^***	□0.51^***
	14	□0.54^***	□0.50^***	□0.53^***	□0.51^***	□0.52^***
	15	□0.36^***	□0.47^***	□0.41^***	□0.29^**	□0.38^***
	17	□0.30^×	×0.49^*	□0.44^*	□0.26^×	□0.37^×
	18	○0.44^**	□0.49^***	□0.48^***	○0.37^*	△0.44^**
西北干旱区	20	×0.68^×	×1.00^×	×0.80^×	△0.32^×	×0.70^×
	21	□0.76^***	□0.82^***	□0.71^***	□0.86^**	□0.79^***
	22	△0.50^*	○0.47^*	○0.40^×	○0.41^×	○0.44^*
	23	○0.72^**	○0.70^*	○0.56^*	○0.48^*	○0.62^*
	24	□0.42^**	△0.49^**	○0.33^*	×-0.18^×	○0.27^*
	26	□0.61^***	□0.60^***	□0.46^***	○0.26^×	□0.48^***
	27	□0.66^***	□0.70^***	○0.46^*	○0.39^×	△0.55^**
青藏高寒区	29	□0.66^***	□0.53^***	□0.60^***	□0.78^***	□0.64^***
	30	△0.92^***	△0.70^***	△0.82^**	×0.96^*	△0.85^**
	31	□0.63^***	□0.59^***	□0.54^***	□0.54^***	□0.57^***
	32	□0.49^**	△0.51^**	△0.37^**	△0.40^*	△0.44^**

大区	区域ID	春	夏	秋	冬	年
东部季风区	1	△0.62^**	○0.68^**	□0.55^***	×-0.05^×	△0.45^*
	2	□0.45^***	□0.40^***	□0.45^***	□0.29^**	□0.40^***
	3	□0.68^***	□0.66^***	□0.44^***	□0.07^×	□0.46^**
	4	□0.71^***	□0.72^***	□0.68^***	□0.57^***	□0.67^***
	5	□0.34^×	□0.17^×	□0.69^***	□1.03^***	□0.56^**
	6	□0.52^***	□0.54^***	□0.45^***	□0.42^***	□0.48^***
	7	□0.65^***	□0.70^***	□0.58^***	□0.42^***	□0.59^***
	8	□0.46^***	□0.61^***	□0.54^***	□0.37^***	□0.50^***
	9	□0.46^***	□0.45^***	□0.31^***	□0.24^***	□0.36^***
	10	□0.53^***	□0.70^***	□0.65^***	□0.44^***	□0.58^***
	11	□0.55^***	□0.70^***	□0.59^***	□0.41^***	□0.56^***
	12	□0.55^***	□0.61^***	□0.51^***	□0.50^***	□0.54^***
	13	□0.46^***	□0.62^***	□0.55^***	□0.45^***	□0.52^***
	14	□0.58^***	□0.52^***	□0.46^***	□0.44^***	□0.50^***
	15	△0.02^×	□0.47^***	□0.41^***	□-0.05^×	△0.22^*
	17	△-0.23^×	×0.02^×	×0.10^×	□-0.27^×	△-0.10^×
	18	△0.35^*	□0.49^***	□0.55^**	△0.36^×	△0.44^*
西北干旱区	20	△0.62^*	×0.92^*	△0.54^*	△0.17^×	△0.57^*
	21	□0.87^***	□0.74^***	□0.76^***	□0.96^***	□0.83^***
	22	□0.77^***	□0.64^***	□0.58^***	□0.41^***	□0.60^***
	23	□0.79^***	□0.85^***	□0.63^***	□0.17^**	□0.61^***
	24	□0.61^***	□0.74^***	□0.47^***	×-0.28^×	△0.39^**
	26	□0.79^***	□0.81^***	□0.67^***	○0.26^*	□0.63^***
	27	□0.70^***	□0.82^***	□0.53^***	□0.19^**	□0.56^***
青藏高寒区	29	□0.68^***	□0.61^***	□0.60^***	□0.62^***	□0.63^***
	30	×0.83^*	×0.74^*	○0.78^*	○0.76^**	○0.78^*
	31	□0.62^***	□0.69^***	□0.54^***	□0.36^***	□0.55^***
	32	□0.63^***	□0.57^***	□0.51^***	□0.33^***	□0.51^***

Near-surface air temperature lapse rates and seasonal and type differences in China

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