中国农村居民点用地微观尺度研究进展及展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.001

Abstract

Abstract:

In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, important transformations have taken place in the development of rural China, which resulted in the diversification and differentiation of rural residential land use. This change demands immediate micro-scale research on the evolution of rural settlements. Existing micro-scale research on rural settlements has focused on their structural and functional characteristics and change, characteristics and mechanism of rural hollowing, and structure and change of the cultural landscape of rural settlements. Rural residential land use is related to the change of livelihoods of rural households. In urban-rural fringe and economically developed areas, non-farming employment of rural residents prompts the diversification as well as non-agriculturalization of rural residential land. In traditional agricultural regions, a large number of laborers flows to cities and towns, leading to the disused of rural residential land. Microscopic study of rural residential land has mainly focused on the description and explanation of related phenomena. It should be gradually expanded and deepened to practical applications in the future. Research on the transformation of rural residential land and patterns of change, the effect on society, economy, and environment, and the reconstruction of rural settlements for the implementation of national development strategies should be promoted in order to provide decision support for rural residential land consolidation and contracted land registration under the background of new urbanization.

Key words: rural residential land, micro-scale, progress and prospect, China

Bailin ZHANG, Weimin CAI, Fengrong ZHANG, Guanghui JIANG, Xiaoke GUAN. Progress and prospects of micro-scale research on rural residential land in China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1049-1061.

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区位	地区	农村居民点内部用地类型及特征	文献来源
丘陵山区	重庆合川	宅基地占绝对主导,宅基地内兼有晒坝、圈舍、堆棚等农业生产和服务用地	张玉英等, 2012
丘陵山区	山东沂水	宅基地占绝对主导,宅基地内兼有庭院和储物间等农业生产和服务用地	张佰林, 2015
平原农区	吉林昌邑	宅基地为主,兼有大量种养殖用地(部分是农用地,也有部分为农户院落)	张凤荣等, 2016
平原农区	山东禹城	住宅用地为主,兼有部分工矿用地和公共管理与公共服务用地等,村庄空心化普遍	王介勇等, 2010; 朱晓华, 陈秧分等, 2010
乡村旅游区	河北野三坡	旅游住宿用地、旅游购物用地、旅游娱乐用地、普通住宅用地和公共管理与公共服务用地;旅游住宿用地是主导的用地类型	席建超等, 2014a
都市郊区及经济发达地区	北京13个区县	宅基地、工商企业用地、村民管理机构用地、服务设施用地和闲置用地;前2类占比分别为64.5%和21.9%	姜广辉等, 2007
	广东佛山	商业用地、居住用地、工业用地、公共服务用地和内部道路用地;前3类占比分别为36.1%、13.8%和10.7%	魏开等, 2012
	江苏无锡	居住用地、工业用地、商贸物流仓储用地、旅游住宿用地和公共服务用地;前2类占比分别为48.5%和48%	陈诚等, 2015

农村居民点内部用地类型	承载功能	备注
商服用地	非农生产功能	农村居民点内部的小超市、餐馆及理发店等用地
工矿仓储用地	非农生产功能	农村居民点内部的工业生产、物资存放场所等用地
住宅用地	生活功能/农业生产功能/非农生产功能	农村宅基地,除居住功能外,一些农户利用宅基地内部空间发展庭院养殖或非农生产,因此具有生产功能
公共管理与公共服务用地	生活功能	中小学、幼儿园、卫生室、健身场所、公园和绿地等用地
交通运输用地	生活功能	主要指街巷用地
其他	—	农村居民点内部的空闲地等,暂不予考虑

研究方法	研究内容	主要观点	文献出处
实地调查	农村宅基地结构功能	农户生计变迁驱动农村宅基地结构功能演变	周婧等, 2010; 房艳刚等, 2012
实地调查	空心村特征	产业、基础设施建设、人口和宅地空心化是农村空心化的主要特征	崔卫国等, 2011
高清影像+GIS+实地调查	农村居民点用地及其功能演变	农户生计变迁推动农村居民点用地演变,传统农业发展、农村工业化、城市功能外溢等发展驱动力在不同作用范围上叠加,导致农村居民点用地的空间分化	吴文恒等, 2008; 李裕瑞等, 2013; 席建超等, 2014b; Zhu et al, 2014; 张佰林等, 2015
	空心村整治潜力调查	将农村宅基地细分为使用中的宅基地、空置宅基地和废弃宅基地,以空置、废弃宅基地面积占宅基地总面积比例测算空心村整治潜力	朱晓华, 陈秧分等, 2010; 刘彦随等, 2011; 王介勇等, 2013
	村庄空心化过程与机理	初期村外住宅开始增多,中期闲置住宅逐渐增多、村外新住宅渐成规模,晚期闲置住宅连片、村外新住宅包围旧村;农村的推力和拉力失衡、农村新房建设加速和规划管理薄弱、农村经济发展和农户观念意识落后等是农村空心化的内在机制	程连生等, 2001; 王成新等, 2005; 李君等, 2008; 龙花楼等, 2009
景观生态学方法 +GIS	农村居民点用地结构特征	与城镇的区位差异是造成农村居民点用地类型差异的主导因素	姜广辉等, 2007; 曹子剑等, 2008
PRA+3S	农村居民点用地景观特征	户均宅基地面积先扩大后减小,户均建筑面积不断增大,农村居民点用地组合多样性减少	张玉英等, 2012

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Progress and prospects of micro-scale research on rural residential land in China

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