清代青藏高原东北部河湟谷地林草地覆盖变化

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.06.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley(YHV) located in the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a typical farming-pastoral area. Since the Qing Dynasty, the expansion of cultivated land has led to a significant change in forest and grassland cover in this region. Base on the current vegetation map, soil and topographic factors, and historical data in literature, this study reconstructed the potential forest and grassland spatial distribution in the YHV. Combined with the reconstructed farmland change in the Qing Dynasty, we calculated the change of forest and grassland coverage in the YHV in the Qing Dynasty. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of forest and grassland before cropland expansion in the Qing Dynasty was consistent with present day vegetation distribution. The forest area was slightly larger, the shrub area was spatially more contiguous, and the distribution of grassland was wider. (2) The estimated area of forestland was 0.28×104 km², the area of shrub was 0.93×104 km², and the area of grassland was 2.1618×104 km² before reclamation in the Qing Dynasty. Because of farmland reclamation activities, it is estimated that the areas of grassland, shrub, and forest have decreased by 5180.41 km², 1330.35 km², and 441.31 km² in the YHV region at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The area of reclaimed grassland was the largest (52% of potential grid of grassland became cultivated cropland) and the intensity of conversion was high (the average reclamation index of grassland grids was 10%). The reduced areas mainly concentrated in the LeDu Basin, Xining Basin in the middle of the Huangshui Valley, Jianzha Basin in the Yellow River Valley, and the Hualong Basin. The target vegetation types that have been reclaimed by humans in the YHV in the Qing Dynasty were not only influenced by factors of natural environment but also social policies.

Key words: Qing Dynasty, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, forest and grassland, coverage change, Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley

Zhilei WU, Fenggui LIU, Yili ZHANG, Qiong CHEN, Qiang ZHOU, Dengxing YANG. Forest and grassland coverage change in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Qing Dynasty[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(6): 768-778.

Figures/Tables 6

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Forest and grassland coverage change in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Qing Dynasty

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