干旱环境胁迫下农户适应性研究——基于民勤绿洲地区农户调查数据

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.05.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Adaptive capacity and its evaluation framework provide a new direction for the study of livelihoods of farming households. Considering the arid environment and based on theories about sustainable livelihoods of farming households and adaptive capacity, this article explores adaptive capacity and adaptive actions of farmers in the Minqin Oasis area. An adaptive capacity assessment index system of farming households was constructed. The research data were collected through a questionnaire survey and field investigations. Based on the classification of adaptive actions of farmers, this research measured the adaptive capacity of different adaptive types of farming households and analyzed the influencing factors of farmers’ adaptive types. The results are as follows: (1) With regard to the adaptive actions of farmers, more people chose active adaptive actions, while those who opted for reducing consumption and participating in social insurance were fewer. With regard to the adaptive types of farmers, the proportion of farming households that adopted comprehensive adaptation was the largest, whereas passive adaptation was adopted by the smallest number of households. (2) In terms of the adaptive capacity of farmers, generally speaking in each of the six dimensions a relatively balanced distribution was observed across different types of farming households, but there were significant differences between farming households with regard to natural resource endowments and social resources. On the other hand, material possession, financial resources, labor resources, and education were more balanced. Among different adaptive types, the adaptive capacity of comprehensive adaptation type was more stable, but the stability of migrant worker-dominant adaptation and passive adaptation types was poor. In the six dimensions of adaptive capacity and six adaptive types of farming households, material possession accounted for the largest contribution to adaptive capacity, while natural resource endowments contributed the least. (3) Among the indicators of adaptive capacity, household physical assets, proportion of non-agricultural employment, social network, per capita area of “returning farmland to forest and cutting down wells and field”, level of education, and so on had significant influences on farmers’ choice of adaptive actions.

Key words: drought stress, adaptive capacity, adaptive action, farming household, Minqin Oasis

Sha YIN, Jia CHEN, Kongsen WU, Xinjun YANG. Adaptation of farming households under drought stress:Based on a survey in the Minqin Oasis[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(5): 644-654.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Tab.1

Evaluation index system of farming households’ adaptive capacity"

指数	维度	指标	指标描述与定义	均值	标准差	指标向性
适应能力指数	自然能力	人均实际耕种面积	家庭实际耕种面积与总人数之比	3.77	6.86	+
		人均“退还关压”面积	家庭退耕还林及关井压田面积与总人数之比	1.78	2.55	-
		水资源情况	距离水源距离与实际有效灌溉度;有效灌溉度：0.25=一小部分,0.5=一半左右,0.75=绝大部分,1=全部	453.35	1890.85	+
	物质能力	人均大棚面积	家庭日光温室及暖棚面积与总人数之比	38.71	76.03	+
		住房情况	住房类型和人均住房面积;住房类型：0=草房,0.25=土木房,0.5=土砖房,0.75=砖瓦房,1=混凝土结构;人均住房面积：家庭住房总面积与总人数之比	89.35	52.09	+
		家庭物质资产	家庭物质资产种类数	6.62	1.60	+
		养殖及种植	牲畜数量及种植作物种类数;牲畜数量=牛×1+驴×0.8+羊×0.6+猪×0.4+鸡×0.2;种植作物种类数包括特色林果业与日光温室种植作物	17.93	53.52	+
	金融能力	人均收入	家庭现金总收入(包括政府补贴)与总人数之比	1.18	0.79	+
		人均水资源支出	家庭灌溉及生活用水总支出与总人数之比	782.61	722.23	+
		家庭资助机会	信贷机会和可借款人数;信贷机会：0=没有,1=有	6.16	4.67	+
	劳动能力	非农就业比重	家庭非农就业人数占总人数比例	0.18	0.21	+
		弱势群体人口比重	家庭女性、大于65岁老人和小于5岁小孩人数占总人数比例	0.59	0.22	-
		男性劳动人口比重	家庭男性劳动(16~65岁)人数占总人数比例	0.41	0.18	+
	学习能力	受教育程度	家庭男性劳动力受教育程度;受教育程度：0=文盲,0.25=小学,0.5=初中或中专,0.75=高中或大专,1=大学本科及以上	1.19	0.62	+
		政策知晓度	对退耕还林还草、日光温室、“三禁”、水资源、“关井压田”、压沙造林、生态移民等政策的了解程度：0=完全不了解,0.25=不太了解,0.5=一般,0.75=比较了解,1=非常了解	4.07	1.15	+
		农业技术	农业科学技术培训机会和运用情况;培训机会：以培训次数表示;运用情况：0=未运用,1=运用	1.47	1.76	+
	社会能力	领导潜力	以家庭中村委成员数来表示	0.17	0.52	+
		社会网络	获得帮助的人数和关系网络支持度;关系网络支持度：以获得支持类型种数表示,0.25=1种,0.5=2种,0.75=3种,1=4种	0.74	0.12	+
		对周围人的信任	0.25=几乎没有,0.5=一小部分,0.75=绝大部分,1=全部	11.98	11.17	+

Tab.1

Fig.2

Tab.2

Tab.3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.4

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种类	适应行为
农业转变	采用节水技术减少用水;改变种类作物类型;改变养殖品种
社会援助	向亲友寻求帮助;银行借贷;参加社会保险
生计多样化	增加收入方式;外出打工
被动选择	减少消费;移民搬迁

类型	说明	农户数量	比例/%
单一农业转变型	只选择农业转变	35	9.67
农业主导型	选择以农业转变为主	40	11.05
工农复合型	选择兼顾农业转变和外出打工	83	22.93
务工主导型	选择以打工为主	14	3.87
被动适应型	选择社会援助和被动选择,或两者中1种适应行为	5	1.38
综合适应型	选择3种适应行为及以上	185	51.10

变量	单一农业转变型			农业主导型		工农复合型			务工主导型			被动适应型
变量	B		Exp(B)		B	Exp(B)		B	Exp(B)	B	Exp(B)	B	Exp(B)
人均“退还关压”面积	-2.163	0.115		-1.797	0.166	-2.721^*	0.066		-1.288	0.276		-4.375	0.013
家庭物质资产	-3.042^**	0.048		-0.752	0.472	-1.933^**	0.145		1.436	4.206		-5.544^*	0.004
对周围人的信任	-1.456^*	0.233		-0.800	0.449	-1.710^***	0.181		-0.732	0.481		-0.577	0.562
非农就业比重	-1.823^*	0.162		-2.950^***	0.052	1.367^*	3.924		-1.277	0.279		-1.415	0.243
社会网络	-3.691^**	0.025		-1.288	0.276	-1.390	0.249		-8.943^*	0.000		1.214	3.366
受教育程度	-0.201	0.818		-0.508	0.602	-1.815^**	0.163		-2.464	0.085		-0.539	0.583
政策知晓度	0.321	1.378		0.567	1.764	-0.519	0.595		-3.294^*	0.037		-2.317	0.099

Adaptation of farming households under drought stress:Based on a survey in the Minqin Oasis

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