空港经济区法定空间规划体系内容识别与优化策略

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.09.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Along with the rapid development of airport economy, airport-related economic zone (AEZ) is becoming a vital force for promoting urban growth. At present, AEZ in China is characterized by early stage of development and there is a general lack of systematic theoretical research and planning practices; different types of planning lack of necessary coordination. Through a literature review and empirical research, this study differentiates and analyzes the connotations and characteristics of AEZ, and puts forward the concept of generalized AEZ. Based on the numerous, multiple types of existing AEZ planning, this study summarizes the AEZ-related Chinese legal spatial planning system (urban master planning—comprehensive planning of AEZ—regulatory planning of AEZ—site planning of AEZ). Combining with the current planning practices, this article identifies and analyzes the important contents of different levels of spatial planning. In the final part, it puts forward five suggestions: clarifying the functional position of AEZ; reserving industrial space; improving service facilities; setting up a high-level management bureau; and achieving a health balance between work space and housing.

Key words: airport-related economic zone, legal spatial planning system, coordination, service facilities

Xianchun ZHANG, Linchuan YANG, Qiaoyu XIANG, Shijian HONG. Content identification and optimization strategies of legal spatial planning system for airport-related economic zones[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(9): 1123-1134.

Figures/Tables 5

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References 34

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规划要素	空港经济区	一般产业园区
产业发展	航空核心产业—航空关联产业—航空引致产业	围绕科研开发产业化的平台建设
空间布局	核心区：服务为主;空港紧邻区：产业为主;空港相邻区：产业+服务;外围辐射区：居住+产业+服务	职住平衡：产业、居住、服务组合平衡
服务设施	机场服务业配套设施	生产性服务设施+生活性服务设施
生态景观	城市区域门户,但受机场噪声干扰	环保、生态、人文景观
道路交通	综合性交通枢纽、开放性交通	外联交通+内部交通
专项规划	机场总体规划、土地利用噪声相容性规划等	交通规划、生态规划等

规划层次	案例	规划名称	涉及内容
国民经济和社会发展规划	哈尔滨机场	《中国民用航空发展第十二个五年规划》	改扩建
区域规划	上海航空枢纽港	《长江三角洲地区区域规划》	浦东机场和虹桥机场的分工、发展目标
总体规划	北京顺义新城	《北京城市总体规划》	功能定位、发展目标、产业指导等
空港经济区规划	北京新航城	《北京新航城发展规划》	战略定位、产业发展、空间布局、生态建设和交通体系等
空港经济区控规	广州新白云国际机场	《广州空港国际物流园区控制性详细规划》	发展定位、物流园区功能与布局、土地利用规划、公共服务设施规划、道路交通规划等
空港经济区修规	广州新白云国际机场	《广州白云国际机场集团综合开发有限公司住宅项目修建性详细规划》	建筑布局、空间组织、景观环境等
专项规划	广州空港国际物流园区	《广州市物流园区发展规划》	园区性质、用地发展规模、规划建设控制指引等

法定/非法定规划	规划层次	涉及空港经济区的规划要素
法定/非法定规划	规划层次	产业发展	空间布局	服务设施	生态景观	道路交通
非法定规划	区域规划	产业结构、城市特色主导产业	城镇群结构、城市间联系	区域市政基础设施走线、站场位置	场站对周边环境影响、控制建设区	区域交通体系、区域重大交通枢纽、城际轨道、区域运量平衡
法定规划	城市总体规划	临空产业	与城市的空间关系	公共服务设施、市政基础设施	机场周边基本农田保护	与机场的连接：轨道交通、高速公路、快速路
法定规划	空港经济区总体规划	空港战略定位、临空产业、特色产业、产业综合服务平台	空间结构、四大圈层(空港区、紧邻空港区、空港相邻区、外围辐射区)的布局形式	机场场道、电气、给排水、设备	基本农田、河流水系、绿地走廊、林地、湿地	与主城区联系;与周边市镇联系——区域性快速通道;与铁路、轨道、公路等一体化综合交通枢纽
法定规划	空港经济区控规	产业构成、不同性质用地规模预测、各类产业用地布局模式	功能分区、规模尺度	公共服务设施(市场、学校等)、市政公用设施	绿地景观、农田	道路级配、交通设施、立交设置
法定规划	空港经济区修规	——	功能分区、具体平面布局	给排水、电信、燃气等	绿化、景观雕塑	具体道路设计、停车位设置
非法定规划	专项规划	临空产业、临空衍生产业	空间结构	公共设施、市政设施	机场噪声、电磁环境保护	对外交通、内部交通

用地类别	建筑布局特征	建筑布局模式	建筑布局模式图
物流工业	建筑形态较规整、建筑密度较大、留出货物装卸和集散的广场。	行列式;周边以防护绿带隔离	行列式布局行列式变形布局
科技研发	由研发主体建筑与附属设施构成,用地布局比较紧凑,体量较小且多为多层建筑。	行列式、围合式;外环路交通组织	行列式布局围合式布局
商务办公	建筑功能简单,体量灵活,以中小体量为主。	街坊式、庭院式、点式加行列式;外环路交通组织	街坊式布局庭院式布局点式加行列式布局大体量布局布局
公共服务	建筑形态和布局较灵活,主要考虑人员集散、交通组织、景观营造;承载多样化活动,展示形象。	街区式的建筑群体组合、单体式	建筑群体组合布局大体量布局
配套居住	在机场限高和机场周边,控制开发强度,以多层和小高层为主。	行列式、组团式	行列式布局围合式布局点式加行列

Content identification and optimization strategies of legal spatial planning system for airport-related economic zones

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