劳动力回流的驱动因素与就业行为研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.09.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Labor migration is becoming more frequent in the era of globalization and regional economic integration and involves the parallel processes of out migration and return migration. As a developing country with the largest population in the world, China's return migrants in rural areas have been increasing in number and the trend of bi-directional labor migration is increasingly clear. This article provides a comprehensive overview of international and Chinese research on return migration based on labor return migration theories, motivation of return migration, and employment behavior and mechanism of returnees. We found that the economic theory of success-failure dichotomy was dominant in theoretical explanations of the phenomenon of return migration in the past, but this dichotomy has been increasingly challenged by sociology and other theories. Among the driving factors of return migration, migration duration, wage, and human capital characteristics significantly influence the likelihood of return, but social ties to areas of origin and socioeconomic policy context at home also play an important role in the process of returning home.Returnees have better economic performance because of their accumulation of savings and skills and their entrepreneurial projects improve living conditions and income of the family and promote economic diversification of the home areas. Because of the differences in institutional environment and stage of economic development, return migration within China differ from other countries with regard to driving factors and occupational choice. Finally, perspectives of research on return migration in China were put forward in respect to theory, spatial effects of return migration, and return of new generation rural migrant workers.

Key words: return migration, theory, driving factors, employment behavior, mechanism

rrJiangbin YIN. Advances in research on driving factors of return migration and employment behavior of migrants[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(9): 1084-1095.

Figures/Tables 2

Tab.1

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References 74

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	主要因素	主要观点
	主要因素	国外	中国国内
经济动因	外出务工时间	外出时间越久,回流的可能性越低(Dustmann et al,1996; Reagan et al, 2002)	务工时间越长,越不可能回流家乡(Zhao,2002; 盛来运, 2008)
	接收地工资水平	①工资越低,越容易回流(Reagan et al, 2000);②工资与回流决策的关系受回流后就业行为影响(Dustmann et al, 2002)	工资收入越低,越容易回流(白南生等, 2002; 章铮, 2006; 张宗益等, 2007)
	人力资本	①人力资本不足导致回流(Lindstrom et al, 1994; Bauer et al,1998);②人力资本越丰富,越容易回流(Jasso et al,1988; Barrett et al,1998)	追求更高的人力资本回报引起回流(伍振军等, 2011)
社会动因	家庭联系	与出发地的家庭联系越密切,越容易回流(Dustmann et al, 2002; Constant et al, 2002)	生育、照顾家庭导致回流(Zhao, 2002; 白南生等, 2002; Wang et al, 2006; 张宗益等, 2007)
社会动因	社会关系网络	在接收地社会文化融入越好,越不可能回流(De Haas et al, 2011)	出发地的社会网络越丰富,越可能回流(张骁鸣等, 2009; 石智雷等, 2012)
地方环境	经济环境	①接收地经济危机等引起的衰退导致回流(Bastia, 2011);②出发地的经济增长吸引外出移民回流(Jones, 2003)	①沿海地区因产业结构调整、金融危机等引起的经济衰退导致外出务工者回流(章铮, 2006; 石智雷等2009);②出发地因产业转移等导致的经济增长吸引农民工回流(Zhao, 2002; 李郇等, 2012)
地方环境	政策环境	接收地的移民限制政策驱使外出者回流(宋全成, 2006; Bastia, 2011)	城乡分割的户籍制度促使进城农民工回流(Wang et al, 2006)

Advances in research on driving factors of return migration and employment behavior of migrants

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