基于主客观生活质量评价的农村发展差异分析——以北京山区经济薄弱村为例

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

The evaluation of regional development from the perspective of residents' life quality has been of high interest of the research community. Taking economically underdeveloped villages in the Beijing mountainous area as cases, this study calculated subjective and objective life quality indices for the villages on the basis of a farming household sampling survey. The life quality index for the evaluation of well-off community was chosen as the objective evaluation system, and the subjective system was constructed through factor analysis. Influencing factors of life quality were compared by applying the methods of cluster analysis and differential contribution rates. (1) Objective evaluation revealed that the villages differ significantly from each other. About 99% of the villages have a lower level of life quality as compared with the average of Beijing. Villages with high objective life quality index values are mainly distributed in the near suburbs on flat terrain; (2) Subjective evaluation indicated that the differences between adjacent villages are relatively small and the closer a village to the city, the lower is the subjective satisfaction; (3) Overall, subjective and objective life quality index values differ greatly in villages located in deep mountains and near suburbs. About 19% of the villages have relatively poor overall life quality. The main factors limiting residents' quality of life are culture and entertainment, information and education, ecological environmental protection, and so on, which are beyond the basic demand of subsistence. (4) The major driving forces of improving residents' life quality and promoting regional development are differentiated poverty alleviation, improvement of population quality, support for the development of industries that satisfies higher level of human needs, and development planning and dynamic monitoring of poverty areas. The subjective-objective evaluation of life quality can reflect the relationship between regional development and residents' life quality, therefore it can be used as an important auxiliary method in regional comprehensive development decision-making.

Key words: objective life quality evaluation, subjective life quality evaluation, economically underdeveloped village, factor analysis, cluster analysis, differential contribution method, Beijing mountainous area

Yongxia TIAN, Xiaona LIU, Hong LI, Danfeng SUN, Honghan TU, Hua WEN. Rural development difference based on subjective and objective evaluation of life quality: a case of economically underdeveloped villages in Beijing mountainous area[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(2): 185-.

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References 23

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一级指标	二级指标	权重		绝对权重	目标值/%
一级指标	二级指标	一级		绝对权重	二级
恩格尔系数		0.1739		0.17390	40
居住质量	人均居住面积(≥25 m²)	0.4783	0.10	0.04784	100
	住房结构(水泥、砖木)		0.10	0.04784	100
	自来水		0.25	0.11957	100
	清洁能源(气+电)		0.15	0.07174	100
	厕所(水冲式)		0.25	0.11957	100
	村内道路硬化率(水泥、石板、柏油)		0.15	0.07174	100
	总计		1.00	0.47830	75
文娱支出占比		0.1304		0.13040	7
信息化程度	电视	0.2174	0.20	0.04348	100
	电话		0.40	0.08696	100
	电脑		0.40	0.08696	100
	总计		1.00	0.21740	60

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
家庭生活满意度	饮食、住房、家庭关系、收入
社会生活满意度	文化娱乐、安全感、被尊重感、社会关系
发展需求满意度	教育	学校设施、师资力量、教育投入
发展需求满意度	产业服务	科技服务、农民合作社、信息服务、就业服务
公共服务满意度	村庄基础设施	道路、交通工具、水电、居住环境、公共卫生设施
	社会保障	医疗、低保、养老
	公共安全	社会治安、环保措施、生态环境

	编号	总量修正系数	基础指标一致性	一级指标一致性	整体一致性	一级指标内部一致性
家庭层面	A₁	0.488	0.921	0.741	0.923	0.619
	A₂	0.531	0.920			0.626
	A₃	0.398	0.922			0.724
	A₄	0.346	0.923			0.751
社会层面	B₁	0.737	0.917	0.612		0.605
	B₂	0.469	0.921			0.465
	B₃	0.467	0.921			0.475
	B₄	0.363	0.924		0.648
发展需求	C₁	0.471	0.921	0.830	0.819
	C₂	0.471	0.921		0.824
	C₃	0.767	0.917		0.790
	C₄	0.721	0.917		0.781
	C₅	0.747	0.917		0.779
	C₆	0.700	0.917		0.789
	C₇	0.322	0.923		0.856
公共服务	D₁	0.548	0.920	0.849	0.831
	D₂	0.686	0.918		0.826
	D₃	0.485	0.922		0.835
	D₄	0.736	0.917		0.827
	D₅	0.751	0.917		0.831
	D₆	0.252	0.924		0.859
	D₇	0.627	0.919		0.832
	D₈	0.676	0.918		0.829
	D₉	0.655	0.918		0.832
	D₁₀	0.746	0.917		0.826
	D₁₁	0.660	0.918		0.827

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
家庭生活A	饮食X₁
	住房X₂
	家庭关系X₃
	收入X₄
社会生活B	文化娱乐X₅
	被尊重感X₆
	社会关系X₇
发展需求C	教育X₈	学校设施Y₁
		师资力量Y₂
		教育投入Y₃
	产业服务X₉	农业科技服务Y₄
		农业合作社Y₅
		农业信息服务Y₆
		就业服务Y₇
公共服务D	村庄基础设施X₁₀	道路Y₈
		交通工具Y₉
		水电Y₁₀
		居住环境Y₁₁
		公共卫生设施Y₁₂
	社会保障X₁₁	医疗Y₁₃
		低保Y₁₄
		养老Y₁₅
	公共安全X₁₂	社会治安Y₁₆
		环保措施Y₁₇
		生态环境满意度Y₁₈

模型	t	Sig.	共线性统计量
模型	t	Sig.	容差	VIF
常量	-5.744	0.000
Y₈	45.700	0.000	0.505	1.980
Y₉	47.550	0.000	0.548	1.825
Y₁₀	39.494	0.000	0.450	2.222
Y₁₁	46.494	0.000	0.478	2.090
Y₁₂	43.582	0.000	0.532	1.878

Rural development difference based on subjective and objective evaluation of life quality: a case of economically underdeveloped villages in Beijing mountainous area

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References 23

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二级指标	三级指标	变异系数	分指标权重
村庄基础设施X₁₀	道路Y₈	0.27	0.20
	交通工具Y₉	0.29	0.22
	水电Y₁₀	0.24	0.18
	居住环境Y₁₁	0.25	0.19
	公共卫生设施Y₁₂	0.28	0.21

成份	初始特征值			方差载荷量提取				旋转后方差载荷量
成份	特征值		解释方差/%	累计解释方差/%	特征值	解释方差/%	累计解释方差/%	特征值	解释方差/%	累计解释方差/%
1	6.258	52.146	52.146	6.258	52.146	52.146		4.659	38.824	38.824
2	1.767	14.721	66.867	1.767	14.721	66.867		3.038	25.321	64.144
3	0.822	6.850	73.718	0.822	6.850	73.718		1.149	9.573	73.718
4	0.616	5.133	78.851
5	0.488	4.070	82.921
6	0.396	3.301	86.222
7	0.348	2.899	89.121
8	0.321	2.679	91.800
9	0.305	2.544	94.344
10	0.275	2.294	96.639
11	0.218	1.817	98.455
12	0.185	1.545	100.000

	主成份
	1	2	3
X₁₀	0.884	0.132	-0.022
X₁₂	0.852	0.165	-0.115
X₅	0.808	0.152	0.094
X₉	0.773	0.057	-0.020
X₈	0.764	0.121	0.070
X₁₁	0.747	0.153	0.194
X₃	0.199	0.852	-0.096
X₆	0.309	0.847	-0.075
X₇	0.418	0.755	0.189
X₁	0.348	0.666	0.460
X₂	0.406	0.625	0.467
X₄	0.405	0.286	0.777

	主成份
	1	2	3
X₁	-0.053	0.165	0.317
X₂	-0.029	0.133	0.330
X₃	-0.076	0.425	-0.341
X₄	-0.001	-0.118	0.764
X₅	0.211	-0.085	-0.011
X₆	-0.044	0.398	-0.327
X₇	-0.021	0.267	-0.017
X₈	0.206	-0.087	-0.026
X₉	0.228	-0.099	-0.112
X₁₀	0.249	-0.079	-0.144
X₁₁	0.183	-0.098	0.107
X₁₂	0.243	-0.033	-0.253

影响因子	绝对权重	变异系数	差异贡献率/%	排序
文娱支出占比	0.13	1.25	33.30	1
村内道路硬化率	0.07	0.36	5.21	8
供水达标率	0.12	0.31	7.58	5
卫生厕达标率	0.12	0.44	10.77	3
清洁能源达标率	0.07	0.70	10.32	4
住房达标率	0.05	0.58	5.72	7
住房面积达标率	0.05	0.37	3.66	9
彩电拥有率	0.04	0.14	1.28	10
手机拥有率	0.09	0.38	6.68	6
电脑拥有率	0.09	0.87	15.47	2

影响因子	绝对权重	变异系数	差异贡献率/%	排序
饮食X₁	0.03	0.22	2.08	23
住房X₂	0.04	0.26	3.59	14
家庭关系X₃	0.00	0.22	0.05	25
收入X₄	0.05	0.33	5.96	3
文化娱乐X₅	0.14	0.27	13.53	1
被尊重感X₆	0.02	0.22	1.40	24
社会关系X₇	0.04	0.22	3.10	17
学校设施Y₁	0.04	0.24	3.79	9
师资力量Y₂	0.04	0.23	3.62	11
教育投入Y₃	0.05	0.25	4.11	7
科技服务Y₄	0.03	0.28	2.79	20
农民合作社Y₅	0.03	0.28	2.84	19
信息服务Y₆	0.05	0.52	9.91	2
就业服务Y₇	0.03	0.30	3.25	16
道路Y₈	0.03	0.27	3.05	18
交通工具Y₉	0.03	0.29	3.61	12
水电Y₁₀	0.03	0.24	2.44	22
居住环境Y₁₁	0.03	0.25	2.61	21
公共卫生设施Y₁₂	0.03	0.28	3.28	15
医疗Y₁₃	0.04	0.27	3.98	8
低保Y₁₄	0.04	0.29	4.67	5
养老Y₁₅	0.04	0.26	3.71	10
社会治安Y₁₆	0.05	0.23	4.23	6
环保措施Y₁₇	0.05	0.22	3.60	13
生态环境满意度Y₁₈	0.05	0.25	4.80	4

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