岩溶流域水文模型研究进展

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.11.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The aquifer system of karst has features of complexity and multiplicity, and the researches on karst hydrological effects and water resources forecast are difficult. A number of models have been developed in the karst areas to simulate surface runoff, underground dynamics and transfers between them since the 1960s, which include black-box models, conceptual models and physical models. Each type can address specific issues in the field of simulating runoff, and meanwhile, has its own drawbacks and limits. (1) Blank-box models, including kernel function, regression equation, stochastic models, artificial neural network and wavelet theory, are often well adapted to decipher their overall behavior, but they have the disadvantage of not providing any understanding of the physical mechanisms of the aquifer and lacking predictive power. (2) Conceptual models are based on simplified physical interpretation of the processes of transforming input to output, including reservoir models and multiple exponential recessional response elements. In general, the molders of this category are ideal in modeling cases with insufficient data, but they cannot apply localized information for water level fluctuation. (3) Physical models are considered to be those which can simulate both diffuse flow in the matrix and the flow in the pipes, these models require very good knowledge of the aquifer systems and they have too many parameters need to be calibrated. At present, in terms of spatial/temporal complexity, data scarcity and physical aquifer properties, a variety of common issues still trouble karst hydrological modelers. The tendencies of future karst hydrological models mainly manifest themselves in the following aspects: addressing problems in terms of physical features of hydrologic behavior and nonlinearity of karst aquifers, studying karst water cycle, analyzing the characteristics and regional differentiation of all storage forms, applying new technology, methods and distributed models to define quantitatively and precisely the distribution of subsurface drainage, developing hydrological models which can be applied to many karst areas, establishing optimum parameters database, and incorporating the eco-hydrology response and water resources assessment in hydrological models.

Key words: hydrological model, karst basin, research progress

MENG Haihua,WANG Lachun. Advance in Karst Hydrological Model[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(11): 1311-1318.

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