地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2094-2104.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.12.011

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

江汉平原乡村农户就业变迁及其影响因素研究

郭新伟1,2(), 余斌1,2,*(), 卓蓉蓉1,2, 曾菊新1,2, 颜梅艳1,3   

  1. 1.华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079
    2.湖北省发展和改革委员会/华中师范大学武汉城市圈研究院,武汉430079
    3.大理大学教师教育学院,云南 大理 671003
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-19 修回日期:2020-04-06 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2021-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 余斌
  • 作者简介:郭新伟(1992— ),女,河南范县人,博士生,主要研究方向为乡村生活空间变化。E-mail: 1804417602@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41671179);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(创新资助项目)(2020CXZZ007)

Change of farming households' employment and influencing factors on the Jianghan Plain

GUO Xinwei1,2(), YU Bin1,2,*(), ZHUO Rongrong1,2, ZENG Juxin1,2, YAN Meiyan1,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
    2. Academy of Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Hubei Development and Reform Commission & Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
    3. College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2020-01-19 Revised:2020-04-06 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2021-02-28
  • Contact: YU Bin
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671179);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020CXZZ007)

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摘要：

当代乡村就业变迁是透视乡村人地关系变化的重要视角。论文基于湖北省京山市乡村常住农户抽样调查和实地访谈数据,沿循类型—空间—模式的逻辑主线,通过变化率指数、就业转移矩阵揭示案例地区农户就业变迁特征;同时运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型进行影响因素分析。研究表明：① 2007—2017年乡村农户就业类型已由纯农就业主体演变为兼业就业主导,非农就业增加显著;② 农户就业区位距离衰减特征弱化,村域作为农户就业转移的出发源与回流汇地位突出;③ 村域纯农就业仍是乡村农户就业的主流模式,但就业方式多元化成为农户就业新趋势;④ 农户就业模式选择是农户就业需求、地方就业供给、环境就业媒介多因素综合作用的结果。研究结果能够为中国农区人地关系变化及乡村振兴战略实施提供科学信息。

关键词: 就业变迁, 转移矩阵, 无序多分类Logistic回归模型, 乡村农户, 江汉平原

Abstract:

The change of contemporary Chinese rural employment is an important perspective for understanding the change of rural human-land relationship. In this study, taking the rural households of Jingshan City on the Jianghan Plain as an example, we examined the characteristics of rural households' employment change in the research area through the change rate index and employment transfer matrix. This article described the changing characteristics of employment in three aspects: Employment type, employment space, and employment pattern. A multinomial Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of rural households' employment pattern. The results show that: 1) From 2007 to 2017, the employment type of the surveyed rural households evolved from agricultural employment to part-time agricultural employment, with significant increase in non-agricultural employments. 2) Correspondingly, the distance attenuation characteristics of rural households' employment location choice weakened. The role of village as the starting point and returning sink of rural households' employment transfer is still prominent. 3) During the study period, pure agricultural employment in the rural area is still the main type of employment for the surveyed households, but the diversification of employments has become a new trend. 4) The choice of farmers' employment is the result of a combination of factors including farming households' employment demand, local employment opportunities, and environmental factors. Specifically, age of the head of the household, ratio of migrant workers, family dependency ratio, and family employment habits were taken as farming households' employment demand factors; the developing level of township and village development opportunities were taken as local employment opportunity factors; and distance from a village to town centers and regional employment satisfaction, and information and communication system development level were taken as environmental factors in the model. The results may shed some light on the change of human-land relationship and provide a theoretical support for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in typical agricultural regions of China.

Key words: rural employment change, transfer matrix, multinomial Logistic regression model, farming households, Jianghan Plain