多样性的区域影响效应研究进展和展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深入认识多样性的区域影响效应是解决专业化与多样性之争并为区域选择合理发展路径的前提。演化经济地理学对相关多样性与不相关多样性概念的区分,为解释多样性经济效应的作用机制提供了新的分析框架。论文系统归纳总结了多样性的相关概念与测量方法,并论述了不同类型多样性与区域经济发展的关系及内在机理,包括其在经济增长、经济稳定、就业与创新等方面发挥的作用。通过对该领域前沿研究成果的梳理,最后提出在未来应从扩展相关性类型、补充多样性的长期与短期效应、关注企业家等行为主体的作用等领域展开进一步深入研究。

Abstract:

The relative importance of regional specialization and diversity has been under constant debate in the field of economic geography. At present, China has entered a period of transformation and upgrading, changing its economic growth momentum. It is necessary to understand and evaluate the spatial effect of industrial diversity in order to choose a reasonable path for regional development. In view of the internal relationship between industries, evolutionary economic geographers divided diversity into related variety and unrelated variety according to the degree of correlation between industries, which provide a new analytical framework for explaining the internal mechanism of regional economic effect of variety. This article summarized the concepts and measurement methods of variety, and discussed the relationship between different types of variety and regional economic development and its internal mechanism. Through a literature review, it is found that related variety and unrelated variety play an important role in improving regional productivity, resisting external shocks and maintaining stability, and promoting employment, innovation, and other aspects through knowledge spillover and portfolio effect, but the process is relatively complex. Considering industrial characteristics, regional scope, location, development stage, and other factors, there is a nonlinear relationship between variety level and regional growth. It is proposed that the focus of future research should begin from the following aspects: 1) Expand the meaning of relatedness to define variety in a broader sense and further consider the role of the relatedness of other factors, such as market and institutional variety, in the spatial effects of regional variety, while not only limiting it to similarities but also taking into account complementarities. 2) Further examine how firms and actors at the micro level discriminate and absorb knowledge from related and unrelated industries, and how multiple forms of proximity affect the knowledge restructuring process in related and unrelated domains. 3) Fully consider the characteristics of regional heterogeneity and the scope and conditions of regional variety at different temporal and spatial scales to provide theoretical support for the effective implementation of policies in different administrative divisions. 4) Existing studies are mostly based on the experience of Western countries, lacking an overall assessment of related and unrelated diversities in China and its pattern of change over a long period of time. It is necessary to take full account of the institutional contexts of different countries in order to further deepen and complement the theoretical framework and research results of evolutionary economic geography.

Key words: agglomeration effect, related variety, unrelated variety, regional economic development, knowledge spillover

苏灿, 曾刚, 王秋玉. 多样性的区域影响效应研究进展和展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(11): 1923-1933.

SU Can, ZENG Gang, WANG Qiuyu. Progress and prospect of research on regional effect of variety[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1923-1933.

图/表 1

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指标	计算依据	优势	不足	代表文献
基于标准行业分类(SIC)行业分类相关的多样性	依据SIC体系,如果2个细分产业同属同一上一级产业,则这2个细分产业相关,否则不相关	数据易于获取,计算时间长	所依据的分类体系无法衡量技术相关性及溢出	Frenken 等^[5]; Boschma 等^[7]
基于产品相关的多样性	使用国家出口组合中共同出现的产品来测量,如果2种产品都较多地在同一个国家生产,那么认为是相关的	国家层面出口数据易于获取	无法明确国家内产业共存的相关性的确切来源	Hidalgo 等^[10]
基于技术相关的多样性	依据专利所属的技术类别与技术子类别进行测度	专利数据易于获取,涵盖信息量大,时间上具有持续性	限于技术密集型产业,对其他产业间相关性测量有效性较弱	Breschi等^[8]; Rigby^[9]
基于技能相关的多样性	在不同行业更换工作的人员拥有相似的能力,在人力资本更易互换的行业(即与技能相关的行业之间),跨行业的劳动力流动较强	行业适用范围广	数据较难获取,时间往往较短	Neffke 等^[11]; Neffke等^[15]; Muneepeerakul等^[16]