拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.02.009

地理科学进展 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 223-230.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.02.009

拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析

谢健^1,2, 刘景时¹, 杜明远³, 康世昌¹, 汪奎奎^1,2

1. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100085;
2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京100080;
3. 日本农业环境技术研究所,日本,筑波3050053

收稿日期:2008-12-01 修回日期:2009-01-01 出版日期:2009-03-25 发布日期:2009-03-25
通讯作者: 刘景时,Email:jsliu@itpcas.ac.cn E-mail:jsliu@itpcas.ac.cn
作者简介:谢健(1978-),男,江西宜春人,在读博士,从事寒区气象水文与冻土方面的研究. E-mail: jianxie@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
973 "我国冰冻圈动态过程及其对气候、水文和生态的影响机理与适应对策"(2007CB411503);欧盟第六框架项目" BRAHMATWINN"(036952);国家自然科学基金项目(40561002);日本环境省项目“利用青藏高原实施温暖化的早期发现和早期预测”;中国科学院“百人计划”项目.

Analysis of the Observation Results of Temperature and Precipitation over an Alpine Mountain, the Lhasa River Basin

XIE Jian^1,2, LIU Jingshi¹, DU Mingyuan³, KANG Shichang¹, WANG Kuikui^1,2

1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;
3. Department of Agro-Meteorology, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3050053, Tsukuba, Japan

Received:2008-12-01 Revised:2009-01-01 Online:2009-03-25 Published:2009-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用架设在念青唐古拉山南坡9 个海拔高度(4300～5500m)的自动气象站一年(2006 年8 月1 日-2007 年7 月31 日)的实测数据，对山坡1.5m 高度的气温和季风期(6-9 月)降水随海拔梯度和时间的变化进行了分析。表明 4300～4950m 存在一个逆温带，逆温时间自10 月至翌年4 月。年逆温频率为11.5%(42 天)。4300～5500m 年平均气温直减率为0.61℃/100m；念青唐古拉山南坡季风期各月最大降水带都在海拔5100m。最大降水高度以下，山坡降水量递增率为4～7mm/100m，最大降水高度以上，降水递减率数值上为降水递增率的1.6～2.3 倍。7 月和8 月降水量占季风期总降水量比例大于6 月和9 月。降水月内分配山坡上部总体较山坡下部均匀。降水主要发生在4:00-10:00 以外的时间段，而大-中雨(3～14mm/h)主要发生在18:00-22:00。山坡强降水段相对集中在4650～5100m 海拔高度。

关键词: 降水梯度, 气温直减率, 青藏高原, 山地气候, 水热条件

Abstract:

Altitudinal and temporal distribution of surface based air temperatures and monsoon period precipitation were analysed, using an original data set, spanning Aug. 1, 2006 to Jul. 31, 2007, from 9 automated weather stations set up along an altitudinal gradient from 4300 to 5500 m a.s.l. on the southern slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains, the Lhasa River basin. Surface based inversion was found typically during October to the following April. The annual inversion frequency was 11.5% (i.e. 42 days). The lapse rate of mean annual air temperature was 0.61℃/100m for the elevation interval of 4300～5500 m. Analysis on the precipitation indicated the presence of the maximum precipitation belt (MPB) at about 5100 m a.s.l, with an increasing rate of 4～7mm/100m below the MPB. The precipitation decreased at a rate of 1.6～2.3 times of the increasing rate over the MPB. The precipitation amounts in July and August were larger than those in June and September. The intra-month distributions of precipitation were generally more homogeneous for the upper hillslope than for the lower. The precipitation events generally occurred at any time except for 4:00～10:00, with the heavy rainfall(3~14mm/h) mainly occurring within 18:00～22:00. The larger precipitation events concentrated roughly between 4650 m a.s.l. and 5100 m a.s.l.

Key words: hydrothermal condition, mountain climate, precipitation gradient, temperature lapse rate, Tibetan Plateau

谢健,刘景时,杜明远,康世昌,汪奎奎. 拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(2): 223-230.

XIE Jian, LIU Jingshi, DU Mingyuan, KANG Shichang, WANG Kuikui. Analysis of the Observation Results of Temperature and Precipitation over an Alpine Mountain, the Lhasa River Basin[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2009, 28(2): 223-230.

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拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析

Analysis of the Observation Results of Temperature and Precipitation over an Alpine Mountain, the Lhasa River Basin

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