地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 1735-1746.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.11.009
刘晓凤1,2, 葛岳静1,3,*(), 胡伟1, 黄宇1, 马腾4
收稿日期:
2018-12-21
修回日期:
2019-05-01
出版日期:
2019-11-28
发布日期:
2019-11-28
通讯作者:
葛岳静
作者简介:
刘晓凤(1994— ),女,山东青岛人,博士生,主要从事全球化与地缘环境研究。E-mail:liuxf@mail.bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIU Xiaofeng1,2, GE Yuejing1,3,*(), HU Wei1, HUANG Yu1, MA Teng4
Received:
2018-12-21
Revised:
2019-05-01
Online:
2019-11-28
Published:
2019-11-28
Contact:
GE Yuejing
Supported by:
摘要:
全球治理背景下,国家仍是国际社会最重要行为体,但非国家行为体作为重要的国际活动参与者也逐渐成为不可忽视的力量。在地理学框架中深入探讨非国家行为体的地缘政治角色,可以更加系统地理解“一带一路”建设中的多元地缘关系。论文依据地理学尺度思想梳理了非国家行为体的概念和分类,并归纳其地缘政治空间影响及实现途径,以期在理论上完善对地缘政治主体的研究,搭建非国家行为体的地缘政治认识框架,实践上指导中国“一带一路”等对外合作的开展。主要结论包括:① 非国家行为体没有动摇国家主权的决定性地位,但在世界政治中仍发挥着不可替代的独特作用,一是作为国家力量的拓展,二是对传统的国家边界、主权有空间上的突破;② 在国际事务上,非国家行为体与国家的互动及相关行为对国际安全、制度、认知和权力空间既产生了积极作用,也造成了一定损害和威胁;③ 非国家行为体通过参与和维护全球治理,塑造地缘政治想象与认同,以及调节和重塑地缘政治空间边界三种方式实现地缘政治影响。因此,为更好地服务“一带一路”建设,需要从不同角度分析非国家行为体的影响,通过与之加强对话、开展合作,合理管理、警惕部分非国家行为体的威胁以及培育鼓励中国的非国家行为体等多种方式应对其潜在影响。
刘晓凤, 葛岳静, 胡伟, 黄宇, 马腾. 非国家行为体的地缘政治空间影响及实现路径[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(11): 1735-1746.
LIU Xiaofeng, GE Yuejing, HU Wei, HUANG Yu, MA Teng. Spatial impacts of the geopolitics of non-state actors and their formation pathways[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(11): 1735-1746.
1 | 陈玉刚, 周超, 秦倩 . 2012. 批判地缘政治学与南极地缘政治的发展[J]. 世界经济与政治,(10): 116- 131, 159-160. |
Chen Y G, Zhou C, Qin Q . 2012. Critical political geography and the development of Antarctic geo-politics. World Economics and Politics,(10): 116- 131, 159-160. ] | |
2 |
杜德斌, 段德忠, 刘承良 , 等. 2015. 1990年以来中国地理学之地缘政治学研究进展[J]. 地理研究, 34(2):199-212.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201502001 |
Du D B, Duan D Z, Liu C L , et al. 2015. Progress of geopolitics of Chinese geography since 1990. Geographical Research, 34(2):199-212. ]
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201502001 |
|
3 | 多尔蒂 J, 法尔茨格拉夫 R. 2003. 争论中的国际关系理论[M]. 5版. 闫学通, 陈寒溪, 等译. 北京: 世界知识出版社: 509. |
Daugherty J, Pfaltzgraff R. 2003. Contending theories of international relations: A comprehensive survey. Fifth Edition. Translated by Yan X T, Chen H X, et al. Beijing, China: World Intellectual Publishing House: 509. ] | |
4 | 高望来 . 2014. 非国家行为体与国际安全体系转型[J]. 亚非纵横, ( 6):15-24. |
Gao W L . 2014. The non-state actors and the transformation of the international security system. Asia & Africa Review, ( 6):15-24. ] | |
5 |
胡志丁, 陆大道 . 2015. 基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理论[J]. 地理学报, 70(6):851-863.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201506001 |
Hu Z D, Lu D D . 2015. The re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theories from a critical geopolitical perspective. Acta Geographica Sinica, 70(6):851-863. ]
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201506001 |
|
6 | 胡志丁, 骆华松, 葛岳静 . 2014. 经典地缘政治理论研究视角及其对发展中国新地缘政治理论的启示[J]. 热带地理, 34(2):184-190. |
Hu Z D, Luo H S, Ge Y J . 2014. Research perspectives of classic geopolitical theories and their enlightenment for developing China's new geopolitical theory. Tropical Geography, 34(2):184-190. ] | |
7 | 基欧汉R . 2001. 霸权之后: 世界政治经济中的合作与纷争 [M]. 苏长和等, 译. 上海: 上海人民出版社: 11. |
Keohane R. 2001. After heteronomy: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Translated by Su C H et al. Shanghai, China: Shanghai People's Publishing House: 11. ] | |
8 | 基欧汉 R, 奈 J. 2002. 权力与相互依赖 [M]. 3版. 门洪华, 译. 北京: 北京大学出版社: 35. |
Keohane R, Nye J. Power and interdependence. Third Edition. Translated by Men H H. Beijing, China: Peking University Press: 35. ] | |
9 | 加拉尔 C, 等. 2013. 政治地理学核心概念 [M]. 王爱松, 译. 南京: 江苏教育出版社: 3-10. |
Gallaher C , et al. 2013. Key concepts in political geography. Translated by Wang A S. Nanjing, China: Jiangsu Education Publishing House: 3-10. ] | |
10 | 李灿松, 葛岳静, 马纳 , 等. 2015. 基于行为主体的缅甸排华思潮产生及其原因解析[J]. 世界地理研究, 24(2):20-30. |
Li C S, Ge Y J, Ma N, et. al . 2015. An analysis on the formation and cause of anti-China sentiment in Myanmar based on actant. World Regional Studies, 24(2):20-30. ] | |
11 | 李东燕 . 2015. 联合国与国际和平与安全的维护[J]. 世界经济与政治, ( 4):4-22. |
Li D Y . 2015. The United Nations and the maintenance of international peace and security. World Economics and Politics, ( 4):4-22. ] | |
12 | 李金祥 . 2008. 非国家行为体的分类[J]. 当代世界, ( 5):56-58. |
Li J X . 2008. Classification of non-state actors. Contemporary World, ( 5):56-58. ] | |
13 | 李金祥, 蔡佳禾 . 2007, 11月. 理解世界政治中的非国家行为体: 性质和定义[C]// 2007年江苏省哲学社会科学界学术大会论文集. 南京: 江苏省社会科学学术活动组织联络中心: 861-868. |
Li J H, Cai J H . 2007. Understanding the non-state actors in world politics: Nature and definition // Paper collection of academic conference of philosophy and social science in Jiangsu Province 2007. Nanjing, China: Organizing and Communicating Center of Social Science Academic Activities in Jiangsu Province: 861-868. ] | |
14 | 李少琳 . 2005. 全球化背景下非国家行为体与国家主权的互动相关性分析[J]. 山东社会科学, ( 5):42-44. |
Li S L . 2005. Analysis on the interaction between non-state actors and state sovereignty under the background of globalization. Shandong Social Science, ( 5):42-44. ] | |
15 | 联合国. 2005. 联合国为喀麦隆和尼日利亚划定部分边界 [EB/OL]. 联合国新闻. 2005- 12- 27 [2018-12-10]. . |
UN. 2005. The United Nations has set part of the border between Cameroon and Nigeria. UN News. 2005-12-27[2018-12-10]. ] | |
16 | 刘德敏 . 1993. '蓝盔'部队的困惑: 索马里局势综述[J]. 国际展望, ( 14):9-11. |
Liu D M . 1993. Confusion of the "blue helmet": Review on the situation of Somalia. Global Review, ( 14):9-11. ] | |
17 | 刘鸣 . 2002. 经济全球化条件下国家与非国家行为体的关系[J]. 世界经济与政治, ( 11):22-24. |
Liu M . 2002. The relationship between state and non-state actors in the era of economic globalization. World Economics and Politics, ( 11):22-24. ] | |
18 | 刘晓凤, 王雨, 葛岳静 . 2018. 环境政治中国际非政府组织的角色: 基于批判地缘政治的视角[J]. 人文地理, 33(5):123-132. |
Liu X F, Wang R Y, Ge Y J . 2018. Roles of international non-governmental organizations in global environmental politics: A critical geopolitical perspective. Human Geography, 33(5):123-132. ] | |
19 | 刘玉立, 葛岳静, 胡志丁 , 等. 2013. 国际安全研究的转向及对中国地缘安全研究的启示[J]. 世界地理研究, 22(1):12-21. |
Liu Y L, Ge Y L, Hu Z D , et al. 2013. Tendency of international security study and its revelations to geo-security study in China. World Regional Studies, 22(1):12-21. ] | |
20 | 刘云刚, 王丰龙 . 2011. 尺度的人文地理内涵与尺度政治: 基于1980年代以来英语圈人文地理学的尺度研究[J]. 人文地理, ( 3):1-6. |
Liu Y G, Wang F L . 2011. Concept of scale in human geography and politics of scale: Based on Anglophone human geography since 1980s. Human Geography, ( 3):1-6. ] | |
21 | 刘云刚, 叶清露, 许晓霞 . 2015. 空间、权力与领域:领域的政治地理研究综述与展望[J]. 人文地理, ( 3):1-6. |
Liu Y G, Ye Q L, Xu X X . 2015. Space, power and territory: A review on territory in political geography. Human Geography, ( 3):1-6. ] | |
22 | 罗建波 . 2008. 非政府组织在非洲冲突管理中的角色分析[J]. 国际论坛, ( 1):7-13. |
Luo J B . 2008. An analysis of NGOs' roles in African conflict management. International Forum, ( 1):7-13. ] | |
23 | 米格代尔 J. 2013. 社会中的国家:国家与社会如何相互改变与相互构成 [M]. 李杨, 译. 南京: 江苏人民出版社. |
Migdal J. 2013. State in society: Studying how states and societies transform and constitute one another. Translated by Li Y. Nanjing, China: Jiangsu People's Publishing Ltd. ] | |
24 | 苗红娜 . 2014. 国际政治社会化: 国际规范与国际行为体的互动机制[J]. 太平洋学报, 22(10):12-22. |
Miao H N . 2014. International political socialization: An interactive mechanism between international norms and international actors. Pacific Journal, 22(10):12-22. ] | |
25 | 倪世雄 . 2001. 当代西方国际关系理论 [M]. 上海: 复旦大学出版社: 224. |
Ni S X. 2001. Contemporary western international relations theories. Shanghai, China: Fudan University Press: 224. ] | |
26 | 时殷弘 . 2001. 全球性交往、互相依赖和非国家行为体[J]. 欧洲研究, ( 5):1-9. |
Shi Y H . 2001. Global intercourses, interdependence and the non-state actors. European Studies, ( 5):1-9. ] | |
27 | 苏长和 . 1998. 非国家行为体与当代国际政治[J]. 欧洲研究, ( 1):4-9. |
Su C H . 1998. Non-state actors and contemporary international politics. European Studies, ( 1):4-9. ] | |
28 | 苏长和 . 2002. 中国与国际制度: 一项研究议程[J]. 世界经济与政治, ( 10):5-10. |
Su C H . 2002. China and international institutions: A research agenda. World Economics and Politics, ( 10):5-10. ] | |
29 | 王恩涌 . 1998. 政治地理学:时空中的政治格局 [M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社: 26. |
Wang E Y. 1998. Political geography: The pattern of politics in time and space. Beijing, China: Higher Education Press: 26. ] | |
30 | 王丰龙, 刘云刚 . 2017. 尺度政治理论框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 36(12):1500-1509. |
Wang F L, Liu Y G . 2017. Towards a theoretical framework of "politics of scale". Progress in Geography, 36(12):1500-1509. ] | |
31 | 王礼茂, 牟初夫, 陆大道 . 2016. 地缘政治演变驱动力变化与地缘政治学研究新趋势[J]. 地理研究, 35(1):3-13. |
Wang L M, Mou C F, Lu D D . 2016. Changes in driving forces of geopolitical evolution and the new trends in geopolitics studies. Geographical Research, 35(1):3-13. ] | |
32 | 王雨 . 2017. 一国两制下的跨境水资源治理[J]. 热带地理, 37(2):154-162. |
Wang Y . 2017. Trans-boundary water governance under the framework of "One Country, Two Systems". Tropical Geography, 37(2):154-162. ] | |
33 | 约翰斯顿. 2004. 人文地理学词典 [M]. 柴彦威, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆: 721. |
Johnston. 2004. Dictionary of human geography. Translated by Chai Y W. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press: 721. ] | |
34 | 曾向红 . 2016. “一带一路”的地缘政治想象与地区合作[J]. 世界经济与政治, ( 1):46-71. |
Zeng X H . 2016. The geopolitical imaginations of the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative and regional cooperation. World Economics and Politics, ( 1):46-71. ] | |
35 | 张文彬 . 1996. 论联合国安理会和平解决国际争端的职权[J]. 世界经济与政治, ( 4):68-71. |
Zhang W B . 1996. Comments on the power of UN Security Council in peaceful settlement of international disputes. World Economics and Politics, ( 4):68-71. ] | |
36 | 赵永琪, 陶伟 . 2017. 权力空间的研究进展:理论视角与研究主题[J]. 世界地理研究, 26(4):1-10. |
Zhao Y, Tao W . 2017. Progress and prospects of power space: Theoretical perspective and research topics. World Regional Studies, 26(4):1-10. ] | |
37 | 周明 . 2014. 地缘政治想象与获益动机: 哈萨克斯坦参与丝绸之路经济带构建评估[J]. 外交评论: 外交学院学报, 31(3):136-156. |
Zhou M . 2014. Geopolitical imagination and beneficial motivation: Evaluation on Kazakhstan participating the silk road economic belt. Foreign Affairs Review, 31(3):136-156. ] | |
38 | Arts B. 2003. Non-state actors in global governance: Three faces of power [C]// Discussion papers of the max planck institute for research on collective goods. Bonn, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods: 1-53. |
39 |
Bauman Z, Bigo D, Esteves P , et al. 2014. After Snowden: Rethinking the impact of surveillance[J]. International Political Sociology, 8(2):121-144.
doi: 10.1111/ips.2014.8.issue-2 |
40 | Arts B . 2006. Non-state actors in global environmental governance: New arrangements beyond the state[M]. London, UK: Palgrave. |
41 |
Brenner N . 1999 a. Beyond state-centrism? Space, territoriality, and geo- graphical scale in globalization studies[J]. Theory and Society, 28(1):39-78.
doi: 10.1023/A:1006996806674 |
42 |
Brenner N . 1999 b. Globalization as reterritorialization: The re-scaling of urban governance in the European Union[J]. Urban Studies, 36(3):431-451.
doi: 10.1080/0042098993466 |
43 |
Collyer M, King R . 2015. Producing transnational space: International migration and the extra-territorial reach of state power[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 39(2):185-204.
doi: 10.1177/0309132514521479 |
44 | Dodds K . 2005. Global geopolitics: A critical introduction[M]. London, UK: Pearson Schweiz Ag. |
45 |
Downie C . 2014. Transnational actors in environmental politics: Strategies and influence in long negotiations[J]. Environmental Politics, 23(3):376-394.
doi: 10.1080/09644016.2013.875252 |
46 |
Holzscheiter A . 2005. Discourse as capability: Non-state actors: Capital in global governance[J]. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 33(3):723-746.
doi: 10.1177/03058298050330030301 |
47 | Jeffrey A . 2012. Non-governmental organizations[M] // Dodds K, Kuss M, Sharp J. The ashgate research companion to critical geopolitics. Surrey, UK: MPG Books Group: 387-403. |
48 | Keohane R. 1990. International liberalism reconsidered [M] // Dunn J. The economic limits to modern politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 174. |
49 |
Korson C . 2015. Framing peace: The role of media, perceptions, and united nations peacekeeping operations in Haiti and Côte d'Ivoire[J]. Geopolitics, 20(2):354-380.
doi: 10.1080/14650045.2015.1006362 |
50 | Kuus M . 2012. Introduction: Human agency in geopolitics[M] // Dodds K, Kuus M, Sharp J. The ashgate research companion to critical geopolitics. Surrey, UK: MPG Books Group: 384-386. |
51 |
Laine J P . 2016. The multiscalar production of borders[J]. Geopolitics, 21(3):465-482.
doi: 10.1080/14650045.2016.1195132 |
52 |
Mahapatra D A . 2016. The mandate and the (in)effectiveness of the united nations security council and international peace and security: The contexts of Syria and Mali[J]. Geopolitics, 21(1):1-26.
doi: 10.1080/14650045.2015.1134493 |
53 |
Mann M . 1984. The autonomous power of the state[J]. European Journal of Sociology, 25:185-213.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3084 pmid: 31692692 |
54 |
Popescu G . 2008. The conflicting logics of cross-border reterritorialization: Geopolitics of Euroregions in Eastern Europe[J]. Political Geography, 27(4):418-438.
doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.002 |
55 | Risse T. 2011. Governance in areas of limited statehood: Introduction and overview [M] // Risse T. Governance without a state? Policies and politics in areas of limited statehood. New York, USA: Columbia University Press: 1-35. |
56 | Rosenau J N . 2009. Governance in the twenty-first century[M] // Whitman J. Palgrave advances in global governance. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan: 7-40. |
57 |
Rosenau J N, Czempiel E O . 1993. Governance without government: Order and change in world politics[J]. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 87(2):544-545.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.022 pmid: 26320012 |
58 |
Sage G H . 1999. Justice do it! The Nike transnational advocacy network: Organization, collective actions, and outcomes[J]. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16(3):206-235.
doi: 10.1123/ssj.16.3.206 |
59 | Shiva V . 2000. Stolen harvest: The hijacking of the global food supply[J]. Vandana Shiva Reader, 29(3):433-434. |
60 | Smillie I . 2013. Blood diamonds and non-state actors[J]. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 46(4):1003-1023. |
61 | Smith S, Booth K, Zalewski M. 1996. International theory: Positivism and beyond [M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 75-135. |
62 |
Sparke M . 2017. Situated cyborg knowledge in not so borderless online global education: Mapping the geosocial landscape of a MOOC[J]. Geopolitics, 22(1):51-72.
doi: 10.1080/14650045.2016.1204601 |
63 |
Staeheli L . 2015. International donors, NGOs, and the geopolitics of youth citizenship in contemporary Lebanon[J]. Geopolitics, 20(2):223-247.
doi: 10.1080/14650045.2014.922958 |
64 |
Taylor P J . 2004. The new geography of global civil society- NGOs in the world city network[J]. Globalizations, 1(2):265-277.
doi: 10.1080/1474773042000308604 |
65 |
Taylor P J . 2005. New political geographies: Global civil society and global governance through world city networks[J]. Political Geography, 24(6):703-730.
doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.01.009 |
66 |
Tuathail G Ó . 1999. Understanding critical geopolitics: Geopolitics and risk society[J]. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22:107-124.
doi: 10.1080/01402399908437756 |
67 |
Tuathail G Ó, Agnew J . 1992. Geopolitics and discourse: Practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy[J]. Political Geography, 11(2):190-204.
doi: 10.1016/0962-6298(92)90048-X |
No related articles found! |
|