地理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1167-1178.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.09.009

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民族旅游村寨居民文化补偿认知的空间分异及机理——以贵州西江千户苗寨为例

杨军辉1,2(), 李同昇1*(), 徐冬平1   

  1. 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 710127
    2. 广西师范大学环境与资源学院,广西 桂林 541004
  • 出版日期:2015-09-25 发布日期:2015-09-25
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:杨军辉(1976-),男,陕西眉县人,讲师,博士研究生,主要从事旅游与文化地理研究,E-mail: yjh7821@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(13CMZ053)

Spatial differentiation and mechanism of residents' cognition towards cultural compensation in ethnic tourism village: the Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village case

Junhui YANG1,2(), Tongsheng LI1(), Dongping XU1   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
    2. College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
  • Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-09-25

摘要:

民族文化补偿是以保护民族文化、促进民族文化有效传承与创新为目的,运用政府和市场两种手段调节民族文化相关者之间利益关系的制度安排,而居民认知则是民族文化补偿机制构建的重要依据和实施的关键因素。以贵州西江千户苗寨为例,依据与村寨民族文化的关系将受访居民分为局内人与局外人,通过问卷调查与深度访谈获取局内人与局外人的民族文化补偿认知信息,进而探究居民民族文化补偿认知在不同区域间的分异特征及其影响机理。结果表明:在民族旅游村寨中,居民文化补偿认知的空间分异是客观存在的,但并非完全遵从“核心—边缘”规律;村寨居民文化补偿认知的空间分异是文化距离、利益关系、旅游干扰强度和传统价值观等因素综合作用的结果。研究结论对民族旅游村寨的民族文化传承与旅游业可持续发展具有参考意义。

关键词: 民族旅游村寨, 民族文化补偿, 居民认知, 空间分异, 局内人—局外人, 西江千户苗寨, 贵州

Abstract:

Ethnic cultural compensation is an institutional arrangement that takes the protection, inheritance, and innovation of ethnic culture as the purpose, which adjusts the interest relationship between stakeholders of ethnic culture in ethnic tourism villages by means of government regulation and the market. Residents' cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation is an important basis for the construction and key for the implementation of ethnic cultural compensation. Taking Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village as a case, this study divides the residents into insiders and outsiders, and investigates their cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation through a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. This research focuses on the spatial characteristics and influence mechanism of the residents' cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation. The results are as follows: Spatial differentiation of residents' cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation does exist in the ethnic tourism village. The spatial characteristics of residents' cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation are not fully consistent with the core-periphery relationship. The spatial characteristic of insiders' cognition towards the cultural value is consistent with the core-periphery relationship, but the spatial difference of willingness to accept for the compensation is not statistically significant. The spatial characteristic of insiders' cognition towards compensation standard shows an inverted "U" shape. The spatial difference of residents' cognition towards ethnic cultural compensation is influenced by the "cultural distance", interest relationship, tourism interference intensity, and traditional values. "Cultural distance" is the essential reason of residents' cultural value cognition. Residents' willingness to accept for the compensation is affected by interest relationship and tourism disturbance. Compensation recipients and forms are influenced by traditional values. In order to prompt the inheritance of ethnic culture and the sustainable development of tourism, the ethnic tourism village should actively implement cultural compensation, clearly distinguish the providers and recipients of the compensation, decide the compensation standards based on residents' willingness to accept and village development, and apply different compensation standards to the residents.

Key words: ethnic tourism village, ethnic cultural compensation, residents' cognition, spatial differentiation, insider & outsider, Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village, Guizhou