地理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1148-1155.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.09.007

• • 上一篇    下一篇

流域环境变化的河流沉积物粒度响应——澜沧江案例

傅开道1,2(), 杨文辉1,2, 苏斌1,2, 李大兴1,2, 李孟洋3, 张继来1,2, 宋静宜1,2   

  1. 1. 云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,昆明 650091
    2. 云南大学云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,昆明 650091
    3. 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,昆明 650214
  • 出版日期:2015-09-25 发布日期:2015-09-25
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:傅开道(1976-),男,海南陵水人,副研究员,主要从事河流泥沙与沉积环境学研究,E-mail: kdfu@ynu.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41261100,41571032);云南省自然科学基金项目(2012FB116)

Response of river sediments to basin environmental changes:a case study of the Lancang River

Kaidao FU1,2(), Wenhui YANG1,2, Bin SU1,2, Daxing LI1,2, Mengyang LI3, Jilai ZHANG1,2, Jingyi SONG1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security , Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
    2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
    3. Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower CO.,LTD., Kunming 650214, China
  • Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-09-25

摘要:

河流沉积物对流域环境变化具有敏感响应,其粒度参数能反映水动力环境。本文以澜沧江为研究案例,探究河流沉积物粒度对流域环境变化的响应。从澜沧江干流19个主要控制断面采集河床沉积物样品,用筛分法和吸管法对沉积物样品粒度参数进行测定,并分析了粒度参数的时空变化规律及其对流域水能开发为主的人为环境变化的响应。研究结论认为:①在空间尺度上,上游高原区,河谷宽坦,下蚀微弱,水流平缓,沉积物粒度较小,分选较好,呈负偏或近对称小峰度分布;中游高山峡谷河段,水流湍急,沉积物粒径变粗,分选相对上游较差,但整体分选良好,粒度出现较多正偏尖峰分布;下游中低山宽谷区受到梯级大坝的影响,河床沉积物中值粒径和平均粒径明显增大,且平均粒径增大更明显,分选变差,偏态趋向正偏,峰态尖锐化。②不同时间的样品粒度变化,反映梯级大坝致使坝下游沉积物中值粒径和平均粒径明显增大,且中值粒径增大更明显,分选变差,偏态趋向正偏,峰态尖锐化。研究结果既符合河流上下游沉积物粒度分布规律,也反映了河流环境变化对沉积物粒度组成的影响。

关键词: 河流沉积物, 粒度, 环境变化, 水电开发, 澜沧江

Abstract:

River sediments respond sensitively to the basin environmental changes and particle size parameters can reflect the hydrodynamic environment. This article takes the Lancang River as a case to explore the response of river sediment grain size to the basin environmental changes. River sediment samples were collected from 19 sections along the mainstream of the Lancang River, and sieving and pipette methods were applied to measure the particle size. Spatial and temporal variations of grain size parameters and their responses to the anthropogenic environmental changes of the basin through hydropower development were analyzed. Our results indicate that: (1) Spatially, the upstream of the Lancang River flows through the Tibet plateau region where the river valley is wide and flat, downward erosion is weak, and the sediments are characterized by small grain size and well sorted, with small kurtosis and negative skew or nearly symmetrical distributions; the middle part of the river flows through the alpine valleys, where the river flows fast, the grain size of bed sediments is coarse and poorly sorted, and the grain size distributions are more positively skewed with sharp kurtosis; in the lower reach of the river among the low and middle mountains and wide valleys sediment grain sizes are affected by the cascade dams, riverbed sediments' median and average grain sizes increased abruptly, especially the average grain sizes, with poorly sorted sediments, positively skewed grain size distribution and acute kurtosis. (2) On the temporal scale, grain sizes of sediments from different time periods indicate that the cascade dams increased the median and average grain sizes of the downstream sediments, especially the median increased dramatically. The sediments are poorly sorted, with positively skewed grain size distribution and acute kurtosis. The results accord with the normal pattern of distribution of sediment grain sizes in rivers, also reflect the impact of environmental changes on river sediment grain size composition.

Key words: river sediments, grain size, environmental change, hydropower development, the Lancang River