中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.02.007

地理科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 257-271.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.02.007

中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例

刘志林, 丁银平, 角媛梅^*(), 王金亮, 刘澄静, 杨宇亮, 韦俊峰

云南师范大学地理学部,昆明 650500

收稿日期:2020-02-20 修回日期:2020-05-27 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-04-28
通讯作者: 角媛梅
作者简介:刘志林(1990— ),男,宁夏吴忠人,博士生,主要从事耕地、聚落景观演变及效应研究。E-mail: zhilin2015@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41761115);国家自然科学基金项目(41271203);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0184300);国家社会科学基金项目(20XSH022);云南师范大学研究生科研创新重点项目(ysdyjs2019166)

Spatial patterns and controlling factors of settlement distribution in ethnic minority settlements of southwest China: A case study of Hani terraced fields

LIU Zhilin, DING Yinping, JIAO Yuanmei^*(), WANG Jinliang, LIU Chengjing, YANG Yuliang, WEI Junfeng

Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-05-27 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-04-28
Contact: JIAO Yuanmei
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No(41761115);National Natural Science Foundation of China, No(41271203);National Key Research and Development Program of China, No(2018YFE0184300);National Social Science Foundation of China, No(20XSH022);Key Research Projects of Graduate Students in Yunnan Normal University, No(ysdyjs2019166)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚落格局是乡村地理学研究的基础,也是人地地域系统的重要组成部分,更是目前地理学研究的热点之一。科学分析、揭示、刻画少数民族等脆弱地区的聚落格局,对合理、高效推进该区域新型城镇化道路建设,实现民族团结和繁荣,全面建成小康社会具有重要意义。而目前,对于少数民族、尤其是多民族共生区的聚落格局研究还不足。论文以中国西南少数民族聚居的哈尼梯田区为例,从聚落分布的空间位置特征、民族格局特征、区位环境特征及其主控因子等方面,刻画了哈尼梯田区哈尼、彝、壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣等7个民族的聚落格局特征。结果表明：① 在空间位置上,哈尼梯田区68%的聚落分布在区内西中部,主要以哈尼、彝、壮为主。② 在民族格局上,形成了以哈尼—彝混居的大格局,以壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣混居的小格局。③ 在区位环境上,7个民族在海拔、坡度、气温、降水量、与河流距离、聚落规模、耕地面积、与行政中心距离和粮食单产等区位环境特征上具有显著差异。④ 在主控因子上,壮、苗、瑶聚落分布的主控因子为经济、行政、旅游中心距离,贡献率分别为86.4%和75.3%、92.8%;彝族聚落布局的主控因子为气温(贡献率为52.0%);汉、哈尼、傣聚落布局的主控因子为降水量,贡献率分别为98.7%、52.2%、97.0%。⑤ 整体而言,哈尼梯田区聚落格局在垂直向上,形成了多民族共生的立体格局,在水平向上形成了多民族互嵌格局。研究可为少数民族地区新农村建设、聚落格局优化、精准扶贫、全面建设小康社会提供科学参考。

关键词: 少数民族, 聚落格局, 主控因子, 哈尼梯田

Abstract:

Settlement pattern, an important part of the human-nature system, is the foundation of rural geography, and it has become a hotspot in geographic research. Scientific analysis and characterization of settlement patterns are significant for promoting the development of urbanization, ethnic unity, and well-off society in rural minority areas. However, there is still a lack of research on the settlement patterns of ethnic minority areas, especially in those multi-ethnic group gathered areas. This study depicted the settlement patterns of seven ethnic minority groups (including Hani, Yi, Zhuang, Han, Miao, Yao, and Dai) in the Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage area, which is a typical multi-ethnic group gathered area in the southwest of China. The results show that: 1) In terms of spatial locations, 68% of the settlements in the Hani terraced fields area are located in the west and central parts of the territory, mainly in the areas of Han, Yi, and Zhuang. 2) The ethnic settlement pattern in the Hani terraced fields is characterized by the mix of Hani-Yi, accompanied by the mix of other ethnic groups. 3) In terms of location and the environment, settlements of the seven ethnic groups have significant differences in locational and environmental characteristics such as altitude, slope, temperature, precipitation, distance to river, settlement scale, cultivated land area, distance to administrative center, and grain yields. 4) The main controlling factors of the distribution of Zhuang, Miao, and Yao settlements are economic and administrative and distance to tourism centers (86.4%, 75.3%, and 92.8%); the main controlling factor of the distribution of Yi settlements are air temperature (52.0%); and the main controlling factors of the distribution of Han, Hani, and Dai settlements are precipitation (98.7%, 52.2%, and 97.0%). 5) On the whole, the settlements of Hani terraced fields formed a three-dimensional pattern of multi-ethnic symbiosis vertically, and a multi-ethnic mosaic pattern horizontally. This research can provide a reference for the construction of new rural areas in minority regions, the optimization of settlement patterns, targeted poverty alleviation, and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way.

Key words: ethnic minority, settlement pattern, main controlling factors, Hani Rice Terraces

刘志林, 丁银平, 角媛梅, 王金亮, 刘澄静, 杨宇亮, 韦俊峰. 中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(2): 257-271.

LIU Zhilin, DING Yinping, JIAO Yuanmei, WANG Jinliang, LIU Chengjing, YANG Yuliang, WEI Junfeng. Spatial patterns and controlling factors of settlement distribution in ethnic minority settlements of southwest China: A case study of Hani terraced fields[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(2): 257-271.

图/表 14

图1

Tab.1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

图8

表3

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 61

[1]	Guo L Y, Yang R, Wang D L . A study on the spatial difference of farmland nitrogen nutrient budget in the Bohai Rim region, China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2012,22(4):761-768.
[2]	金其铭 . 我国农村聚落地理研究历史及近今趋向[J]. 地理学报, 1988,43(4):311-317.
	[ Jin Qiming . The history and current trends of research on rural settlement geography in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1988,43(4):311-317. ]
[3]	Zhou G H, He Y H, Tang C L , et al. Dynamic mechanism and present situation of rural settlement evolution in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013,23(3):513-524.
[4]	Liu Y S, Yang R, Li Y H . Potential of land consolidation of hollowed villages under different urbanization scenarios in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013,23(3):503-512.
[5]	Ma W Q, Jiang G H, Li W Q , et al. How do population decline, urban sprawl and industrial transformation impact land use change in rural residential areas? A comparative regional analysis at the peri-urban interface[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018,205:76-85.
[6]	Liu Y S, Li Y H . Revitalize the world's countryside[J]. Nature, 2017,548:275-277. doi: 10.1038/548275a. pmid: 28816262
[7]	全磊, 陈玉萍, 丁士军 . 新型城镇化进程中农民工家庭生计转型阶段划分方法及其应用[J]. 中国农村观察, 2019(5):17-31.
	[ Quan Lei, Chen Yuping, Ding Shijun . The classification of family livelihood transition stages of migrant workers in the process of new-type urbanization and its application. China Rural Survey, 2019(5):17-31. ]
[8]	陈明星, 周园, 郭莎莎 , 等. 新型城镇化研究的意义、目标与任务[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019,34(9):974-983.
	[ Chen Mingxing, Zhou Yuan, Guo Shasha , et al. Significance, progress and tasks of new-type urbanization research. Advances in Earth Science, 2019,34(9):974-983. ]
[9]	陈明星, 隋昱文, 郭莎莎 . 中国新型城镇化在“十九大”后发展的新态势[J]. 地理研究, 2019,38(1):181-192.
	[ Chen Mingxing, Sui Yuwen, Guo Shasha . Perspective of China's new urbanization after 19th CPC National Congress. Geographical Research, 2019,38(1):181-192. ]
[10]	新华网. 习近平春节前夕赴云南看望慰问各族干部群众向全国各族人民致以美好的新春祝福祝各族人民生活越来越好祝祖国欣欣向荣 [EB/OL]. 2020- 01- 21 [2020-05-27]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-01/21/c_1125489987.htm.
	[Xinhuanet. On the eve of the Spring Festival, President Xi Jinping arrived in Yunnan province and visited the local officials and ethnic residents, at the same time, Xi also extended the New Year wishes to all Chinses citizens: I wish that all the Chinese people's life growing happiness and our country growing prosperity. 2020-01-21 [2020-05-27]. ]
[11]	Long H L, Li Y R, Liu Y S , et al. Accelerated restructuring in rural China fueled by 'increasing vs. decreasing balance' land-use policy for dealing with hollowed villages[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012,29(1):11-22.
[12]	单勇兵, 马晓冬, 仇方道 . 苏中地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分[J]. 地理科学, 2012,32(11):1340-1347.
	[ Shan Yongbing, Ma Xiaodong, Qiu Fangdao . Distribution patterns characteristics and type classification of the rural settlements in central Jiangsu Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012,32(11):1340-1347. ]
[13]	Liu Y S, Yang R, Long H L , et al. Implications of land-use change in rural China: A case study of Yucheng, Shandong Province[J]. Land Use Policy, 2014,40:111-118.
[14]	范少言, 陈宗兴 . 试论乡村聚落空间结构的研究内容[J]. 经济地理, 1995,15(2):44-47.
	[ Fan Shaoyan, Chen Zongxing . On the research content of rural settlement space structure. Economic Geography, 1995,15(2):44-47. ]
[15]	陈宗峰, 李裕瑞, 刘彦随 . 黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落分布格局特征与类型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017,33(14):266-274, 316.
	[ Chen Zongfeng, Li Yurui, Liu Yansui . Distribution pattern characteristic and type classification of rural settlements in loess hilly-gully region. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017,33(14):266-274, 316. ]
[16]	王慧, 王宏卫, 杨胜天 , 等. 西北干旱区乡村聚落分布格局特征及影响因素[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2019,54(2):155-161, 170.
	[ Wang Hui, Wang Hongwei, Yang Shengtian , et al. Spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in arid area of northwest of China. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2019,54(2):155-161, 170. ]
[17]	李小建, 许家伟, 海贝贝 . 县域聚落分布格局演变分析: 基于1929—2013年河南巩义的实证研究[J]. 地理学报, 2015,70(12):1870-1883.
	[ Li Xiaojian, Xu Jiawei, Hai Beibei. The changing distribution patterns of rural settlements during the process of urbanization: The case of Gongyi(1929-2013), China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(12):1870-1883. ]
[18]	杨慧敏, 娄帆, 李小建 , 等. 豫东平原聚落景观格局变化[J]. 生态学报. 2017. 37(16):5313-5323.
	[ Yang Huimin, Lou Fan, Li Xiaojian , et al. Changing patterns of settlement landscape in the Eastern Plain of Henan Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(16):5313-5323. ]
[19]	李红波, 张小林, 吴启焰 , 等. 发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究: 以苏南为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015,30(4):591-603.
	[ Li Hongbo, Zhang Xiaolin, Wu Qiyan , et al. Characteristics and mechanism of rural settlements spatial reconstruction in developed areas: A case study of southern Jiangsu. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015,30(4):591-603. ]
[20]	钱者东, 夏欣, 张昊楠 , 等. 安徽鹞落坪自然保护区乡村聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018,34(12):1105-1111.
	[ Qian Zhedong, Xia Xin, Zhang Haonan , et al. Spatial pattern of rural settlements in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve and its influencing factors. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018,34(12):1105-1111. ]
[21]	刘志林, 李石华, 角媛梅 , 等. 基于曲面耕作半径与MaxENT模型的哈尼梯田区聚落格局优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019,35(20):242-252.
	[ Liu Zhilin, Li Shihua, Jiao Yuanmei , et al. Optimization of settlement pattern of Honghe Hani terrace based on surface farming radius and MaxENT model. Transactions of the CSAE, 2019,35(20):242-252. ]
[22]	寇相玮, 李伟芳, 姜文达 , 等. 宁波四明山区农村聚落空间格局及影响因素[J]. 山地学报, 2018,36(5):784-791.
	[ Kou Xiangwei, Li Weifang, Jiang Wenda , et al. Spatial pattern and influence factors of rural settlements: A case of Siming Mountain area in Ningbo City. Mountain Research, 2018,36(5):784-791. ]
[23]	刘香云, 王宏卫, 杨胜天 , 等. 艾比湖流域绿洲乡村聚落空间格局及其驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018,41(4):859-866.
	[ Liu Xiangyun, Wang Hongwei, Yang Shengtian , et al. Spatial pattern and driving force of oasis rural settlements in Ebinur Basin. Arid Land Geography, 2018,41(4):859-866. ]
[24]	张海朋, 樊杰, 何仁伟 , 等. 青藏高原高寒牧区聚落时空演化及驱动机制: 以藏北那曲县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019,39(10):1642-1653.
	[ Zhang Haipeng, Fan Jie, He Renwei , et al. Spatio-temporal evolution of settlements and its driving mechanisms in Tibetan Plateau pastoral area: Taking Nagqu County in the Northern Tibet as an example. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(10):1642-1653. ]
[25]	金其铭 . 农村聚落地理 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988: 7-12.
	[ Jin Qiming. Geography of rural settlements. Beijing, China: Science Press, 1988: 7-12. ]
[26]	白吕纳 . 人地学原理[M]. 任美愕, 李旭旦, 译. 南京: 钟山书局, 1935: 10-27.
	[ Brunhes J . Principles of man-earth science. Translated by Ren Mei'e, Li Xudan. Nanjing, China: Zhongshan Book Company, 1935: 10-27. ]
[27]	Hoskins W G . The making of the English landscape[M]. London, UK: Hodder & Stoughton, 1955: 58-72.
[28]	李君, 李小建 . 国内外农村居民点区位研究评述[J]. 人文地理, 2008,23(4):23-27.
	[ Li Jun, Li Xiaojian . A review on location of the rural settlement. Human Geography, 2008,23(4):23-27. ]
[29]	Hoffman G W . Transformation of rural settlement in Bulgaria[J]. Geographical Review, 1964,54(1):45-64.
[30]	Hall D R . Albania: Rural development, migration and uncertainty[J]. GeoJournal, 1996,38(2):185-189.
[31]	Gilg A . An introduction to rural geography[M]. London, UK: Edward Amold, 1985: 20-40.
[32]	McLaughlin D K, Stokes C S, Nonoyama A . Residence and income inequality: Effects on mortality among US counties[J]. Rural Sociology, 2009,66(4):579-598.
[33]	李红波, 张小林 . 国外乡村聚落地理研究进展及近今趋势[J]. 人文地理, 2012,27(4):103-108.
	[ Li Hongbo, Zhang Xiaolin . A review and trend on rural settlement geography abroad. Human Geography, 2012,27(4):103-108. ]
[34]	杨忍, 陈燕纯 . 中国乡村地理学研究的主要热点演化及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018,37(5):601-616.
	[ Yang Ren, Chen Yanchun . Change in key research area and prospect of Chinese rural geography. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(5):601-616. ]
[35]	朱炳海 . 西康山地村落之分布[J]. 地理学报, 1939,6(1):40-43.
	[ Zhu Binghai . Distribution of Xikang Mountain Village. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1939,6(1):40-43. ]
[36]	严钦尚 . 西康居住地理[J]. 地理学报, 1939,6(1):43-58.
	[ Yan Qinshang . Xikang residence geography. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1939,6(1):43-58. ]
[37]	海贝贝, 李小建 . 1990 年以来我国乡村聚落空间特征研究评述[J]. 河南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,43(6):635-642.
	[ Hai Beibei, Li Xiaojian. Review on researches of rural settlement space in China since 1990. [J] ournal of Henan University (Natural Science), 2013,43(6):635-642. ]
[38]	徐雪仁, 万庆 . 洪泛平原农村居民地空间分布特征定量研究及应用探讨[J]. 地理研究, 1997,16(3):47-54.
	[ Xu Xueren, Wan Qing . A quantitative study on spatial distribution of rural settlement in floodplain and discussion of its application. Geographical Research, 1997,16(3):47-54. ]
[39]	汤国安, 赵牡丹 . 基于GIS的乡村聚落空间分布规律研究: 以陕北榆林地区为例[J]. 经济地理, 2000,20(5):1-4.
	[ Tang Guo'an, Zhao Mudan. A GIS based research on the distribution of rural settlements: Taking Yulin Area as an example. Economic Geography, 2000,20(5):1-4. ]
[40]	朱彬, 马晓冬 . 苏北地区乡村聚落的格局特征与类型划分[J]. 人文地理, 2011,26(4):66-72.
	[ Zhu Bin, Ma Xiaodong . A research on pattern characteristics and type classification of rural settlement in northern Jiangsu Province. Human Geography, 2011,26(4):66-72. ]
[41]	杨山 . 发达地区城乡聚落形态的信息提取与分形研究: 以无锡市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2000,55(6):671-678.
	[ Yang Shan . On extraction and fractal of urban and rural residential spatial pattern in developed area. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000,55(6):671-678. ]
[42]	王跃, 陈亚莉 . 苏州城郊村镇分布特征[J]. 地理学报, 2005,60(2):229-236.
	[ Wang Yue, Chen Yali . Distribution characteristics of villages and towns in suburbs of Suzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005,60(2):229-236. ]
[43]	周婧, 杨庆媛, 信桂新 , 等. 贫困山区农户兼业行为及其居民点用地形态: 基于重庆市云阳县568户农户调查[J]. 地理研究, 2010,29(10):1767-1779.
	[ Zhou Jing, Yang Qingyuan, Xin Guixin . et al. The impact of rural households' concurrent business behaviors response on the housing land-use pattern in poor mountain area: Based on a survey of 568 households in Yunyang County, Chongqing. Geographical Research, 2010,29(10):1767-1779. ]
[44]	曲衍波, 魏淑文, 商冉 . 等. 基于“点—面”特征的农村居民点空间形态识别[J]. 资源科学, 2019,41(6):1035-1047.
	[ Qu Yanbo, Wei Shuwen, Shang Ran , et al. Spatial morphology of rural settlements based on site and functional characteristics. Resources Science, 2019,41(6):1035-1047. ]
[45]	曲衍波, 魏淑文, 刘敏 , 等. 农村居民点多维形态空间格局与耦合类型[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019,34(12):2673-2686.
	[ Qu Yanbo, Wei Shuwen, Liu Min , et al. Spatial pattern and coupling types of multidimensional morphology of rural residential land. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(12):2673-2686. ]
[46]	李全林, 马晓冬, 沈一 . 苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局[J]. 地理研究, 2012,31(1):144-154.
	[ Li Quanlin, Ma Xiaodong, Shen Yi . Analysis of spatial pattern of rural settlements in northern Jiangsu. Geographical Research, 2012,31(1):144-154. ]
[47]	马晓冬, 李全林, 沈一 . 江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J]. 地理学报, 2012,67(4):516-525.
	[ Ma Xiaodong, Li Quanlin, Shen Yi . Morphological difference and regional types of rural settlements in Jiangsu Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(4):516-525. ]
[48]	汪霖 . 江西省乡村聚落空间分布及评价[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019,40(10):116-121.
	[ Wang Lin . Spatial distribution and evaluation of rural settlement in Jiangxi Province. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019,40(10):116-121. ]
[49]	Song W, Liu M L . Assessment of decoupling between rural settlement area and rural population in China[J]. Land Use Policy, 2014,39:331-341.
[50]	Li Y R, Liu Y S, Long H L , et al. Community-based rural residential land consolidation and allocation can help to revitalize hollowed villages in traditional agricultural areas of China: Evidence from Dancheng County, Henan Province[J]. Land Use Policy, 2014,39:188-198.
[51]	Liu Z, Liu S H, Jin H R , et al. Rural population change in China: Spatial differences, driving forces and policy implications[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017,51:189-197.
[52]	覃丽琼 . 桂北地区乡村聚落空间演变特征及格局优化[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019,40(4):147-152.
	[ Qin Liqiong . Spatial evolution characteristics and pattern optimization of rural settlements in the north of Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019,40(4):147-152. ]
[53]	李雪铭, 李建宏 . 自然地理学的文化转向[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010,29(6):740-746.
	[ Li Xueming, Li Jianhong . Cultural turning in physical geography. Progress in Geography, 2010,29(6):740-746. ]
[54]	唐晓峰, 李平 . 文化转向与后现代主义地理学: 约翰斯顿《地理学与地理学家》新版第八章述要[J]. 人文地理, 2000,15(1):79-80.
	[ Tang Xiaofeng, Li Ping . Cultural turn and postmodern geography: A summary of Chapter 8 of the new edition of geography and geography by Johnston. Human Geography, 2000,15(1):79-80. ]
[55]	王清华 . 梯田文化论: 哈尼族生态农业 [M]. 昆明: 云南人民出版社, 2010: 83.
	[ Wang Qinghua. On the culture of terraced field: Ecological agriculture of Hani. Kunming, China: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 2010: 83. ]
[56]	师有福 . 红河彝族文化史 [M]. 昆明: 云南人民出版社. 2006: 130.
	[ Shi Youfu. Honghe Yi Culture history. Kunming, China: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 2006: 130. ]
[57]	刘镜净 . 中国哈尼族 [M]. 银川: 宁夏人民出版社, 2011: 282.
	[ Liu Jingjing. Chinese Hani. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Publishing House, 2011: 282. ]
[58]	徐祖祥 . 瑶族文化史 [M]. 昆明: 云南民族出版社, 2014: 54.
	[ Xu Zuxiang. A cultural history of the Yao. Kunming, China: Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House, 2014: 54. ]
[59]	梁庭望 . 中国壮族[M]. 银川: 宁夏人民出版社, 2011: 145.
	[ Liang Tingwang. Chinese Zhuang. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Publishing House, 2011: 145. ]
[60]	云南省编辑组. 四川广西云南彝族社会历史调查 [M]. 北京: 民族出版社, 2009: 1.
	[ Editorial Team of Yunnan Province. Social and historical survey of Yi people in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan. Beijing, China: National Press, 2009: 1. ]
[61]	金少萍 . 西双版纳城子傣族村寨文化变迁的民族志研究 [M]. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2013: 13.
	[ Jin Saoping. An ethnographic study on the cultural changes of Dai Village in Chengzi, Xishuangbanna. Beijing, China: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2013: 13. ]

数据	类型	单位	精度	时间	来源
水系	polyline	m	1∶10000	2018年	云南省地理国情普查数据库
居民点	point	—	1∶10000	2018年	云南省地理国情普查数据库
耕地	Polygon	hm²	1∶10000	2018年	云南省地理国情普查数据库
海拔	raster	m	10 m	2018年	云南省地理国情普查数据库
降水量	raster	mm	0.1°	多年平均值	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
气温	raster	℃	0.1°	多年平均值	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
人口	Excel	人	聚落	2016年	红河哈尼梯田管理局
粮食产量	Excel	t/km²	乡镇	2016年	红河哈尼梯田管理局
岩性	raster	—	1∶50000	—	云南省地质环境监测院
断层	raster	m	1∶50000	—	云南省地质环境监测院

指标	x²	v	P	指标	x²	v	P
海拔	30.27	6	<0.001^**	岩性	7.44	6	0.282
坡度	14.40	6	0.025^*	聚落规模	15.32	6	0.018^*
气温	18.61	6	0.005^**	耕地面积	18.39	6	0.005^**
降水量	15.27	6	0.018^*	与经济行政中心距离	17.35	6	0.008^**
与河流距离	14.33	6	0.026^*	道路距离	11.08	6	0.086
与断层距离	8.91	6	0.178	粮食产量	15.09	6	0.020^*
坡向	7.28	6	0.295

中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例

Spatial patterns and controlling factors of settlement distribution in ethnic minority settlements of southwest China: A case study of Hani terraced fields

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 61

相关文章 0

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

因子	傣族		哈尼族		汉族		苗族		瑶族		彝族		壮族
因子	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P	贡献率/%	P
海拔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
坡度	1.3	0.37	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
降水量	97.0	<0.01	52.2	0.05	98.7	<0.01	24.0	0.01	—	—	47.3	0.01	10.3	0.08
气温	—	—	45.5	0.05	—	—	0.6	0.23	6.5	0.02	52.0	<0.01	3.3	0.13
与河流距离	1.7	0.09	2.2	0.10	1.2	0.09	—	—	—	—	0.8	0.21	—	—
人口	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
与经济行政中心距离	—	—	—	—	0.1	0.36	75.3	<0.01	92.8	<0.01	—	—	86.4	0.03
粮食单产	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.7	0.17	—	—	—	—
耕地面积	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—