社会—生态韧性视角下城乡治理的逻辑框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着快速城镇化,生态环境剧烈变化与社会经济结构深刻转变使中国城乡发展问题愈发突出,城乡治理面临新挑战。社会—生态韧性理论与城乡治理实践存在紧密关联,但对两者关系的研究欠缺。论文以中国城乡发展问题为导向,厘清社会—生态韧性与城乡发展的关系,构建社会—生态韧性视角下城乡治理的逻辑框架。将社会—生态韧性的核心理念(耦合、自组织和学习)引入城乡规划、个体参与和政策制定,将促进城乡融合和可持续发展。在未来的城乡治理中,需要将社会与生态问题统筹考虑,贯彻人地耦合的理念,形成多层级的城乡协同治理网络,促进适应性治理,培育不同尺度城乡治理主体的合作和创新,尤其要重视城乡社区的学习、适应能力构建。实践中需要充分利用空间规划工具,将生态系统服务纳入城乡空间治理范畴,协调城乡生态系统服务与居民福祉的关系,增强城乡对不确定性的缓冲和应对能力。

关键词: 社会—生态系统, 韧性, 人地耦合, 自组织, 适应性治理

Abstract:

Along with the rapid progress of urbanization, dramatic changes in the ecological environment and profound changes in the social and economic systems have made issues related to China's urban and rural development more prominent. Urban and rural governance faces new challenges. The concept of social-ecological resilience may shed some light on changes in the practice of rural-urban governance, but there is a lack of research on the relationship between them. Focusing on major issues of urban and rural development in China, this study clarified the relationship between social-ecological resilience and urban and rural development, and constructed a logical framework of rural-urban governance from the perspective of social-ecological resilience. The framework aims to promote urban and rural integration and sustainable development by introducing the key characteristics of social-ecological resilience (coupling, self-organization, and learning) into rural-urban governance mechanisms (planning, participation, and policy). In the future, social and ecological issues should be taken into overall consideration in rural-urban governance, with the idea of human-earth system coupling. A multiple-tiered network of coordinated rural-urban governance should be established. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of cooperation and innovation of the participants at different scales, especially to the construction of learning and adaptability of urban and rural communities. In practice, it is necessary to make full use of spatial planning, to incorporate ecosystem services into rural-urban spatial governance and take them as a priority. The goal of enhancing the resilience and adaptive capacity of urban and rural areas to uncertain challenges will be achieved by coordinating the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being.

Key words: social-ecological systems, resilience, human-environment coupling, self-organization, adaptive governance

刘志敏, 叶超. 社会—生态韧性视角下城乡治理的逻辑框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(1): 95-103.

LIU Zhimin, YE Chao. A logical framework of rural-urban governance from the perspective of social-ecological resilience[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(1): 95-103.

图/表 2

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类型	应用领域	机制与特征	均衡状态
工程韧性	工程学、心理学和灾害学	扰动后反弹复原的能力,是一种恢复力,关注效率和稳定性	静态,单一均衡状态
生态韧性	生态学、自然资源学	系统在进入新状态前所能吸收的扰动的量级,是一种适应力或缓冲力	动态,多重均衡状态
社会—生态韧性	可持续科学、社会学和规划学	系统对内外部变化的坚持、适应和转化的能力,强调学习和协作	动态,非均衡态,跨尺度交互