大都市乡村发展比较及其对乡村振兴战略的启示

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.013

地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 1403-1411.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.013

大都市乡村发展比较及其对乡村振兴战略的启示

陈秧分¹,刘玉^2,^*(),王国刚¹

^1. 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
^2. 北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京 100097

收稿日期:2019-04-29 修回日期:2019-06-25 出版日期:2019-09-28 发布日期:2019-09-25
通讯作者: 刘玉
作者简介:陈秧分(1983— ),男,湖南湘乡人,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事乡村产业经济、国际农业经济研究。E-mail:chenyangfen@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41871109);北京市自然科学基金项目(No.9192010);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(No.ASTIP-IAED-2019)

Rural development in metropolitan areas and implications for rural vitalization strategy

CHEN Yangfen¹,LIU Yu^2,^*(),WANG Guogang¹

^1. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
^2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2019-04-29 Revised:2019-06-25 Online:2019-09-28 Published:2019-09-25
Contact: LIU Yu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871109);Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.9192010);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.ASTIP-IAED-2019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村振兴与城市发展带动能力密切相关,大都市推进乡村振兴的条件最为成熟。论文选取14个国家中心城市与潜在中心城市,从农业强、农村美、农民富3个方面构建指标体系,采取改进熵权法与Pearson相关分析法,比较分析了2000年以来我国大都市的乡村发展水平及其影响因素,进而挖掘其对实施乡村振兴战略的政策含义。研究表明：南方都市的乡村发展水平普遍高于北方城市,高低不一的乡村发展水平意味着较高的城市发展阶段并不必然实现真正的城乡融合发展。乡村发展水平与经济发展阶段、地方财政能力、农户生计分化、农业产业结构等因素高度相关,因此,乡村振兴是一个循序渐进的推进过程,需要立足自身发展基础制订科学的乡村振兴目标与振兴措施;也需要立足农业、跳出农业,一方面通过转移支付保障粮食主产区、传统农区的发展权益,另一方面“接二连三”拓展乡村产业增值空间;尤需打破城乡治理分割现状,在理念、规划、政策、法规等多个方面将农业农村优先发展真正落到实处。

关键词: 乡村发展, 乡村振兴, 城乡融合, 影响因素, 大都市

Abstract:

Rural vitalization is closely related to the driving force of urban development and metropolitan areas are best positioned to promote rural vitalization because they are generally in a relatively advanced stage of rural development. Comparing the status of rural development and its influencing factors in major cities can provide a reference for optimizing the strategy of rural revitalization in metropolitan areas and provide some experiences for rural development in less developed areas. This study selected 14 national central cities and potential central cities, constructed an indicator system from three aspects—strong agriculture, beautiful rural environment, and wealthy rural residents, and adopted an improved entropy weight method and Pearson correlation analysis to compare and analyze the rural development level and its influencing factors in China's metropolises since 2000, and then explored its policy implications for implementing the rural vitalization strategy. The study result shows that the rural development level of the 14 metropolises is very different. Southern cities generally have higher rural development level than that of northern cities and rural development level of national central cities is not necessarily higher than that of potential central cities. Different rural development levels mean that a higher urban development stage does not necessarily lead to a real urban-rural integration, highlighting the inherent necessity of timely and effective government intervention in urban and rural development and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Rural development level is closely related to the stage of economic development, local fiscal capacity, diversification of households' livelihoods, agricultural structure, and other factors. Therefore, rural vitalization is a gradual process of advancement. It is necessary to establish scientific goals and measures of rural revitalization on the basis of local development foundations. Additionally, rural revitalization should be based on and move beyond agriculture. On the one hand, it should guarantee the development rights of major grain producing areas and traditional agricultural areas through transfer payments. On the other hand, it should continuously expand the value-added space of rural industries. In particular, rural revitalization needs to break the current segmentation of urban and rural governance and to truly give priority to agricultural and rural developments in concepts, plans, policies, and regulations.

Key words: rural development, rural vitalization, urban-rural integration, influencing factors, metropolis

陈秧分, 刘玉, 王国刚. 大都市乡村发展比较及其对乡村振兴战略的启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(9): 1403-1411.

CHEN Yangfen, LIU Yu, WANG Guogang. Rural development in metropolitan areas and implications for rural vitalization strategy[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(9): 1403-1411.

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评价维度	评价指标	测算方法	选取依据
农业强L₁	农业规模X₁	农业总产值	衡量产业发展基础
	技术水平X₂	粮食总产量/粮食播种面积	衡量技术、资本等综合生产能力
	质量效益X₃	农业总产值/农作物播种面积	衡量农业发展的综合效益
农村美L₂	吸引力X₄	当年乡村人口/2000年乡村人口	衡量乡村人口吸引力
	农村活力X₅	农村用电量/乡村人口	衡量乡村发展活力
	绿色发展X₆	化肥施用量/农作物播种面积	衡量乡村环境情况
农民富L₃	收入水平X₇	农村居民家庭人均可支配收入	衡量农民决定收入水平
	城乡差距X₈	农村居民与城市居民收入比	衡量农民相对富裕水平
	消费能力X₉	农村居民每百户汽车拥有量	衡量农民生活消费能力

评价方法	维度	人均 GDP	人均一般公共预算支出	第一产业产值比例	粮食作物播种面积占总播种面积的比例	城镇化率	工资性收入占农民总收入比重	经营性收入占农民总收入比重	财产性收入占农民总收入比重
综合评价	总体	0.663^*** (0.010)	0.429 (0.126)	-0.383 (0.176)	-0.603^** (0.022)	0.045 (0.879)	0.323 (0.260)	-0.446 (0.110)	0.147 (0.616)
	农业	0.469 (0.091)	0.251 (0.386)	0.059 (0.842)	-0.625^** (0.017)	-0.103 (0.726)	-0.108 (0.713)	-0.134 (0.649)	0.032 (0.913)
	农村	0.142 (0.629)	0.343 (0.231)	-0.226 (0.437)	-0.269 (0.352)	0.206 (0.479)	0.140 (0.663)	-0.342 (0.231)	-0.001 (0.996)
	农民	0.599^** (0.024)	0.174 (0.552)	-0.492^* (0.074)	-0.225 (0.439)	-0.043 (0.884)	0.517^* (0.058)	-0.308 (0.285)	0.232 (0.424)
典型指标	总体	0.819^*** (<0.001)	0.769^*** (0.001)	-0.668^*** (0.009)	-0.807^*** (<0.001)	0.341 (0.233)	0.658^** (0.011)	-0.769^*** (0.001)	0.131 (0.655)
	农业	0.736 (0.003)	0.412 (0.143)	-0.337 (0.238)	-0.749^*** (0.002)	0.030 (0.920)	0.316 (0.271)	-0.458 (0.100)	0.254 (0.382)
	农村	0.235 (0.419)	0.632^** (0.015)	-0.484^* (0.080)	-0.358 (0.208)	0.445 (0.111)	0.473^* (0.088)	-0.590^** (0.026)	-0.074 (0.801)
	农民	0.830^*** (<0.001)	0.636^** (0.015)	-0.686^*** (0.007)	-0.584^** (0.028)	0.295 (0.306)	0.711^*** (0.004)	-0.623^** (0.017)	0.067 (0.820)

城市	粮食	水果	蔬菜	油料	肉类	牛奶	禽蛋	均值
北京	0.29	0.60	0.36	0.11	0.43	0.53	0.80	0.45
天津	1.00	0.63	0.75	0.33	0.62	0.74	0.73	0.69
上海	0.57	0.41	0.70	0.05	0.31	1.00	0.20	0.46
广州	0.31	0.88	0.97	0.65	0.55	0.81	0.85	0.72
重庆	0.92	0.99	1.00	1.00	0.84	0.56	0.85	0.88
成都	0.75	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.60	0.83	0.88	0.87
武汉	0.69	0.22	1.00	0.71	1.00	0.62	0.38	0.66
郑州	0.90	0.37	0.80	0.73	0.83	0.48	0.68	0.68
西安	0.85	0.80	0.76	0.63	0.86	0.82	0.96	0.81
长沙	0.92	0.96	1.00	0.98	0.97	0.58	0.99	0.91
杭州	0.42	0.93	0.88	0.77	0.77	0.44	0.65	0.69
南京	0.72	1.00	0.81	0.32	0.47	0.49	0.69	0.64
济南	0.86	0.36	0.86	0.59	0.76	0.88	0.67	0.71
沈阳	0.94	0.34	0.68	0.56	0.64	0.83	0.25	0.61
均值	0.72	0.68	0.83	0.60	0.69	0.69	0.68	0.70

大都市乡村发展比较及其对乡村振兴战略的启示

Rural development in metropolitan areas and implications for rural vitalization strategy

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