乡村振兴规划的性质及其体系构建探讨

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.009

地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 1361-1369.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.009

乡村振兴规划的性质及其体系构建探讨

王介勇¹,周墨竹^1,²,王祥峰^3,^4,^*()

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
^2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
^3. 山东省农业可持续发展研究所,济南 250100
^4. 农业农村部华东都市农业重点实验室,济南 250100

收稿日期:2019-05-05 修回日期:2019-08-19 出版日期:2019-09-28 发布日期:2019-09-25
通讯作者: 王祥峰
作者简介:王介勇(1978— ),男,山东滕州人,副研究员,主要从事乡村地理与农村土地可持续利用研究。E-mail:wjy@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
农业农村部华东都市农业重点实验室开放课题(No.HD201801);国家自然科学基金项目(No.41671178)

Features and framework of rural revitalization planning system

WANG Jieyong¹,ZHOU Mozhu^1,²,WANG Xiangfeng^3,^4,^*()

^1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
^2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3. Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan 250100, China
^4. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China

Received:2019-05-05 Revised:2019-08-19 Online:2019-09-28 Published:2019-09-25
Contact: WANG Xiangfeng
Supported by:
Open fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(No.HD201801);National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41671178)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

实施乡村振兴战略是解决中国新时代社会主要矛盾的必然要求,关系着国家现代化的成败。落实乡村振兴战略需要建立科学合理的乡村振兴规划体系,统筹协调和优化配置城乡要素资源。论文基于地理学综合视角,深入分析乡村概念内涵与乡村发展的基本特征,总结乡村振兴规划的基本性质与存在的主要问题,初步构建了乡村振兴规划体系框架。结果表明：① 乡村包含社会文化、政治经济和地理空间多重属性,具有生产、生活、生态、文化等多功能,乡村振兴发展是乡村资源开发利用、经济社会发展和自然人文耦合的综合过程;② 乡村系统具有要素分散性和发展自组织性、空间异质性和类型多样性、对区域和城市依赖性与产业发展受自然因素强限制的基本特征;③ 乡村振兴规划是对乡村空间要素资源配置的统筹协调过程,其本质是以促进公平为导向的规划,应更加强调规划参与过程及其统筹协调能力;④ 当前中国乡村规划尚未形成完整体系,缺少法律基础,规划技术理论发展较滞后,规划边界模糊、规划深度不够,规划实施保障机制不健全;⑤ 基于上述理论和问题分析,构建了包含主体规划系统、制度保障系统、技术支持系统、多规协调系统和参与反馈系统的“五位一体”乡村振兴规划体系。该体系可以高效配置乡村要素资源,促进城乡融合发展,有利于形成规划合力,增强乡村振兴规划的权威性、可行性和实用性。

关键词: 乡村系统, 乡村振兴, 规划性质, 规划体系

Abstract:

Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization is an inevitable requirement for solving the main social conflicts in China in the new era, which is related to the success of the country's modernization. Rural revitalization is a comprehensive process of natural and human systems. To implement the strategy of rural revitalization, it is necessary to establish a scientific and sound planning system of rural revitalization in order to coordinate and optimize the allocation of urban and rural factor resources. Based on the system perspective of geography, this study analyzed the connotation of the "rural" concept and the basic characteristics of rural development. It summarized the basic features and main problems and then preliminarily constructed a framework of rural revitalization planning system. The results show that there are multiple attributes of rural system, which contains social and cultural, political and economic, and geographical space. It also has many functions such as production, living, ecological, and cultural. Rural revitalization is a comprehensive process combining rural resources utilization, economic and social development, and coupling of natural and human systems. Rural system is characterized by decentralization of factors and self-organization of development, spatial heterogeneity and diversity of types, dependence on regions and cities, and strong restriction of industrial development by natural factors. Rural revitalization planning is an integrated and coordinated process of allocation of rural spatial factor resources. Its essence is to promote equity-oriented planning and more emphasis should be placed on the participation process of planning. There are some main problems of rural planning. At present, China's rural planning has not yet formed a complete system. Rural planning lacks legal support and the development of rural planning technology and theory lags behind. The boundary and depth of rural revitalization planning have not been clearly understood. The guarantee mechanism for the implementation of plans needs improvement. Based on the above analysis, a "five-in-one" rural revitalization planning system is proposed, including the main planning system, institutional guarantee system, technical support system, multi-planning coordination system, and participation feedback system. This system can coordinate the allocation of rural factor resources more effectively, integrate into regional and urban development, form planning synergy, and activate development vitality. It will also be helpful for enhancing the authority, feasibility, and practicability of rural revitalization planning.

Key words: rural system, rural revitalization, features of planning, planning system

王介勇,周墨竹,王祥峰. 乡村振兴规划的性质及其体系构建探讨[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(9): 1361-1369.

WANG Jieyong,ZHOU Mozhu,WANG Xiangfeng. Features and framework of rural revitalization planning system[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(9): 1361-1369.

图/表 3

图1

表1

主要乡村规划类型及其特征"

规划类别	规划的目的与重点	规划组织与实施	相关指导规划
乡村建设规划(村庄建设规划、新农村建设规划、美丽乡村建设规划)	促进乡村人居环境建设,以农房建设、环境整治和公共设施布局为规划重点,统筹考虑村庄建设与经济社会发展,侧重乡村建筑设计、景观营造以及公共设施配套	主要由城乡建设管理部门组织规划,村庄自行实施。规划实施的动力主要来自于国家或地方政府的村庄建设或环境整治计划	乡村建设规划主要以城市总体规划(或城乡总体规划)为上位规划,在城乡总体规划的框架下推进实施
乡村产业规划(农村特色产业发展规划、现代农业发展规划、村镇加工业规划等)	促进乡村产业发展,主要包括乡村现代农业、特色产业和乡村工业。侧重乡村产业选择、培育及其空间布局	主要由农业管理部门组织规划。规划实施的动力主要来自国家或地方政府对乡村产业发展的政策支持,或者龙头企业带动	乡村产业规划主要以区域产业规划或现代农业发展规划为上位指导规划,依托区域产业比较优势进行产业选择及布局优化
乡村居民点布局规划(农村居民点整治规划、村庄迁村并点规划等)	促进优化农村居民点(乡村聚落)空间布局,提高土地集约利用程度,改善乡村人居环境。规划以中心村选址、村庄空间布局优化、农村土地集约节约利用为重点	主要由国土管理部门组织规划。规划实施的动力主要来自于国土部门的城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,以及生态移民、易地扶贫搬迁、城中村建设等	农村居民点布局规划主要以土地利用总体规划和土地综合整治规划为指导
乡村旅游规划(乡村旅游景观规划、乡村休闲旅游规划等)	以乡村风情民俗、传统文化、田园景观、农业体验为依托,开发乡村旅游价值,支撑乡村经济社会发展	主要由旅游或农业农村管理部门负责组织规划,部分村镇根据自身资源和特色自主开展规划	乡村旅游规划主要以上位区域旅游总体规划或景区规划为指导

表1

图2

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乡村振兴规划的性质及其体系构建探讨

Features and framework of rural revitalization planning system

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