哈大高铁对东北城市旅游供需市场的空间效应研究——基于景点可达性的分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于GIS技术,以景点可达性为切入点,从市场供需的视角,依据市场供需的影响因素将潜力模型进行分解,得到旅游市场的供给和需求潜力模型。研究发现：①哈大高铁使东北各地到区域内各旅游景点平均时间压缩2.5 h左右,填补了东北一日游市场区的空白,拓展了两日游市场区的范围,形成以高铁为轴,以中心城市为核心,以一日游、两日游及七日游为主要形式,向高铁两侧和中心城市周边依次扩散的圈层+轴带状区域旅游空间形态。②东北城市旅游供需潜力变化均呈现随到高铁距离增加而衰减的现象,促使供需市场向高铁沿线集聚,带动了高铁旅游经济带的形成,并导致东北旅游空间集散特征更加明显。③高铁对短期游(一日游、两日游)供需市场的带动明显好于七日游市场。④基于旅游可达性,以城市为基本单元,根据核心—边缘理论,结合旅游供需潜力发展状况,将东北城市旅游市场区划分为核心区、外围区、过渡区、边缘区4类。本文认为,应以高铁等快速交通方式和旅游枢纽城市为依托,进一步完善旅游景点的交通网络,促进区域旅游供需空间网络的优化与对接。

关键词: 景点可达性, 市场供需潜力模型, 高铁旅游经济带, 空间集散, 东北地区

Abstract:

Using GIS technology, this article takes the 4A level and above attractions as the research objects to derive supply and demand market potential models by taking site accessibility as a starting point and based on the influencing factors of supply and demand. The study found that: (1) Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail improved Northeast China cities’ accessibility to tourism sites within the region by reducing average travel time by about 2.5 hours. The number of sites suitable for a one-day tour and a two-day tour increased, and a region tourism spatial structure formed along the high-speed railway, with center cities as the core, spreading from both sides of the high-speed railway and around the center cities, and characterized by one-day, two-day, and seven-day tours. (2) The potential of tourism supply and demand markets decreases when moving away from the high-speed railway lines, and the market concentrates along these lines, leading to the formation of a high-speed rail tourism economic zone and increasing the spatial concentration of tourism in the Northeast region. (3) High-speed rail stimulates short tours (day trips, two-day tours) more than seven-day tour. (4) According to accessibility and the core-periphery theory, we divided the tourism market in the Northeast region into four types: tourism market core area; tourism market peripheral area, tourism market transitional area, and tourism market margin area. It is necessary to rely on high-speed rail and other fast transportation mode and tourism hub cities to improve the transport network, and promote the optimization and coupling of the regional tourism supply and demand spatial networks.

Key words: tourism site accessibility, supply and demand potential model, high-speed rail tourism economic zone, spatial distribution, Northeast China

郭建科, 王绍博, 王辉, 刘天宝. 哈大高铁对东北城市旅游供需市场的空间效应研究——基于景点可达性的分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(4): 505-514.

Jianke GUO, Shaobo WANG, Hui WANG, Tianbao LIU. Impact of Harbin-Dalian high-speed railway on the spatial distribution of tourism supply and demand markets in Northeast China cities: Based on the accessibility of the scenic spots[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(4): 505-514.

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指标	开通前	开通后	指标	开通前	开通后
一日游景点数/个	0	53	两日游城市数/个	8	20
两日游景点数/个	32	84	景点平均可达性/h	7.4	4.9
一日游城市数/个	0	8	城市平均可达性/h	7.7	5.4

旅游模式	一日游旅市场区	两日游市场区	七日游市场区
高铁开通前需求市场潜力	0	5846.1	19211
高铁开通后需求市场潜力	16662.9	19394.5	7010
需求市场潜力变化/%	+∞	231	196
高铁开通前供给市场潜力	0	4344020	13891157
高铁开通后供给市场潜力	47492235	30234443	56741342
供给市场潜力变化/%	+∞	596	524

高铁旅游经济带覆盖城市	4A及以上景点个数	高铁开通前需求市场潜力	高铁开通后需求市场潜力	高铁开通前供给市场潜力	高铁开通后供给市场潜力
哈尔滨市	8	1430	2017	1163909	11615385
铁岭市	1	82	118	2883	9473
鞍山市	2	379	705	184184	1377492
辽阳市	1	177	340	19818	138646
沈阳市	12	2643	5140	8808032	55882968
大连市	12	1756	3443	2041658	18395624
长春市	7	732	1544	987633	6481897

统计指标	城市
需求潜力占比提升最大的5个城市	长春、大连、沈阳、辽阳、鞍山
需求潜力占比降低最大的5个城市	通辽、呼伦贝尔、赤峰、兴安盟、锦州
供给潜力占比提升最大的5个城市	哈尔滨、大连、鞍山、辽阳、长春
供给潜力占比降低的5个城市	通辽、呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、赤峰、白城

城市旅游市场类型		相关城市
市场核心区	市场枢纽	沈阳、大连、长春、哈尔滨
市场核心区	市场中心节点	本溪、大庆、抚顺、丹东、鞍山
市场外围区	供给滞后区	铁岭、松原、白山、辽阳、盘锦、吉林
市场外围区	需求滞后区	锦州、齐齐哈尔、葫芦岛、牡丹江、通化、呼伦贝尔
市场过渡区		赤峰、通辽、伊春、白城、黑河、兴安盟、鸡西、鹤岗
市场边缘区		朝阳、阜新、佳木斯、七台河、双鸭山、四平、绥化、延吉、营口、大兴安岭地区