地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1217-1224.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.10.009

• 区域经济与交通 • 上一篇    下一篇

公共服务设施空间可达性及其度量方法

宋正娜1,2, 陈雯2, 张桂香3, 张蕾1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008;
    2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京100049;
    3. 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司,深圳518026
  • 出版日期:2010-10-25 发布日期:2010-10-25
  • 作者简介:宋正娜(1980-)|博士生|主要从事城市发展与区域规划研究。E-mail：songzhengna@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCY2-YW-339);国家自然科学基金项目(40901067).

Spatial Accessibility to Public Service Facilities and Its Measurement Approaches

SONG Zhengna1,2, CHENWen2, ZHANG Guixiang3, ZHANG Lei1,2   

  1. 1. Nanjing Institute of Geography &|Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China;
    2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Shenzhen Investigation &|Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518026, Guangdong, China
  • Online:2010-10-25 Published:2010-10-25

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被引次数

200 | 49

摘要：

空间可达性度量既可用于评价公共服务设施空间布局的合理性，也可用于比较规划方案的优劣。公共服务设施空间可达性度量需要针对不同设施特有的空间布局目标，选取与之相适应的可达性评价因子，并采用合适的度量方法展开，对此进行专题研究的文献并不多见。本文一方面在对公共服务设施按照时效性、接受性、数量、等级性进行分类的基础上，系统阐述如何针对不同设施进行空间布局目标设定和可达性评价因子选取；另一方面将主要的度量方法分为比例法、最近距离法、基于机会累积的方法、基于空间相互作用的方法，并对各类方法的应用领域及优缺点予以分析比较，同时以潜能模型、两步移动搜寻法为例探讨相关方法在公共服务设施空间可达性度量中的应用；最后在对上述研究总结评述的基础上，本文指出多等级设施空间可达性、从需求者的活动规律考虑空间可达性、针对各类设施的综合空间可达性以及相关度量方法与GIS的集成等主题值得投入更多关注。

关键词: 度量方法, 公共服务设施, 空间可达性, 两步移动搜寻法, 潜能模型

Abstract:

Spatial accessibility measurement can be applied to assess the rationality of public service facilities distribution, and can be used to compare the merits and drawbacks of related planning schemes. As for spatial accessibility measurement to public service facilities, the primary issue is to select corresponding accessibility evaluation factors according to specific spatial distribution targets of various facilities presumed by facilities features and service demands, and the next is to apply appropriate accessibility measurement approaches according to the evaluation factors and to achieve the accessibility calculation. However, it is unlucky that the present literature on such thematic studies is scarce. On the one hand, we analyze the classification to public service facilities from the perspectives of service urgency, acceptability, quantity (single or various) and hierarchic rank, and then we discuss how to presume spatial distribution targets and select corresponding accessibility evaluation factors of different facilities. On the other hand, we introduce the main measurement approaches including the methods based on supply (provider) versus demand (population), the shortest travel impedance (time or distance), opportunities to be accumulated, and spatial interaction, and furthermore we compare the applications as well as the merits and drawbacks of various approaches, and discuss how to measure spatial accessibility of public service facilities based on potential model and two-step floating catchment area method. Finally, based on the above review and summary, we point out that the following research topics should be devoted more attention to: the spatial accessibility measurement to hierarchical facilities, comprehensive examination of the spatial accessibility measurement from the point of view of demanders activities, integrated spatial accessibility measurement to multiple facilities in the study area, and the integration between complicated measure approaches and GIS.

Key words: measurement approaches, potential model, spatial accessibility, two-step floating catchment area method, public service facilities