地理科学进展 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 63-70.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.01.009

• 城市化与城乡发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国城市化过程及其资源与生态环境效应机制

李双成1, 赵志强1,2, 王仰麟1   

  1. 1. 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871;
    2. 北京大学深圳研究生院,城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,深圳518055
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-01 修回日期:2008-12-01 出版日期:2009-01-24 发布日期:2009-01-24
  • 作者简介:李双成(1961-),男,河北平山人,副教授,主要从事地表格局与过程复杂性计算和模拟研究. E-mail: scli@urban.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(40635028);国家自然科学基金项目(40771001).

Urbanization Process and Effects of Natural Resource and Environment in China: Research Trends and Future Directions

LI Shuancheng1, ZHAO Zhiqiang1,2, WANG Yanglin1   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;
    2. The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences,Shenzhen Graduate School,Peking University, Shenzhen 518055,China
  • Received:2008-08-01 Revised:2008-12-01 Online:2009-01-24 Published:2009-01-24

摘要:

目前中国城市化进程表现为速度过快、地域差异显著以及城乡二元结构明显等特征。城市化带来了显著的 生态效应,使城市生态系统的结构、过程和功能受到影响或发生不可逆转的变化,出现了耕地资源流失、水资源稀 缺、能源压力、城市环境污染严重以及城市区域生态占用扩大等资源与生态环境问题。目前国内外学者研究了城市 热岛效应、城市地表覆被变化、城市生物多样性损失以及城市水土资源等问题,但多侧重单要素、单城市、单学科研 究,缺乏多尺度机理性的研究。鉴于此,提出若干未来城市化及其生态环境效应研究的方向与议题,归纳为:(1)中国 城市化过程多尺度定量模拟与监测研究;(2)阐明城市化影响下地表自然过程和人文过程相互作用的机理;(3)资源 与生态环境约束下中国未来城市化的可能情景及其风险评估等。

关键词: 城市化过程, 研究动态, 中国, 资源与生态环境效应

Abstract:

The urbanization process in China is characterized by excessive development, significant regional difference, and obvious urban-rural dual structure, resulting in significant eco-environmental impacts on urban ecosystems. Those impacts include cultivated land loss,water scarcity, energy shortage, environmental pollutions, and increased ecological footprint in urban area, which are the main causes for retrogressive succession of ecosystem structures, processes and functions. Presently, related researches on urbanization process and corresponding eco-environmental effects focus on urban heat island,urban land use/land cover, urban hydrological effects, urban biodiversity, and urban water and soil resources, and show specific features and trends such as particular emphasis on single urbanization factor, single city case,and single scale descriptive analysis, especially those lacking of multi-scale researches on dynamical mechanisms of urban spatio-temporal development. Therefore,authors propose some perspective research issues on urban processes and their eco-environmental effects, and they can be concluded to three development directions: (1) analyzing multi-scale dynamical mechanisms of urbanization process in China and spatio-temporal patterns and characteristics; (2) explaining interactional mechanisms between physical and human process under urbanization effects; and (3) predicting future development trends and risk assessment of urbanization in China under different scenarios of the constraints imposed by natural resources and eco-environmental conditions.

Key words: China, effects of resources and eco-environment, research trends, urbanization process