应用空间基尼系数、泰尔系数分解及面板模型等方法,对1995-2013年中国人类福祉地区差距及其影响因素进行分析,结果显示：①1995-2013年中国人类福祉省际差距整体趋于缩小。其中,“九五”时期不断缩小,“十五”时期波动变化,“十一五”时期快速缩小,“十二五”时期趋同发展;②四大区域之间的人类福祉差距是最主要的差距,但其贡献率总体呈递减趋势,而区域内人类福祉省际差距的贡献率呈递增趋势。西部地区人类福祉的省际差距最大但降幅明显,东部地区人类福祉的省际差距先扩大后降低,中部、东北地区人类福祉省际差距相对较小且不断缩小;③中国人类福祉地区差距和城乡收入差距同向扩大。加快经济发展、增加教育经费投入均可提高中国各省的人类福祉水平,但也可能扩大地区差距。提高卫生经费占比的增长率可降低中国人类福祉水平,但却能有效缩小中国地区之间的福祉差距。提高人均社会保障支出和人均转移支付,既能提高中国各省区的人类福祉水平,又可起到促进地区之间福祉均衡作用。

The problem of regional unbalanced development emerges while human well-being is improving. Using the Gini coefficient, Theil index, and regression analysis method, this study analyzed the regional difference in change and determinants of human well-being in China from 1995 to 2013. It revealed that: (1) The inter-provincial difference of human well-being shows a converging trend and is getting smaller in China from 1995 to 2013. In the 9th Five Year Plan period it kept narrowing and in the 10th Five Year Plan period it showed some fluctuations. In the 11th Five Year Plan period it decreased rapidly and in the 12th Five Year Plan period it had a development trend of convergence; (2) From 1995 to 2013, the difference between the four regions is the main difference of human well-being in China, but its contribution rate shows a decreasing trend as a whole. The contribution rate of inter-provincial difference of human well-being is increasing in the four regions. The west region had the biggest inter-provincial difference of human well-being but has decreased significantly. The inter-provincial difference of human well-being enlarged at first and then narrowed in the east region. The central and the Northeast region showed smaller inter-provincial differences of human well-being and had a narrowing trend; (3) Increasing economic development and educational expenditure can improve the provincial human well-being but also will expand the difference of human well-being. The growth of the ratio of health care expenditure in finance will decrease the human well-being, but can narrow the difference of human well-being. Social security expenditure and transfers per capita are effective ways to improve provincial human well-being, but also narrow the difference of human well-being.

提高居民生活质量是实现黄河流域高质量发展的重要目标和具体体现。从居民生活、基础设施、公共服务、生态环境4个方面构建城市居民生活质量评价指标体系，测度2004―2018年黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平，利用核密度估计、ESDA、Dagum基尼系数等方法进行居民生活质量时空格局分析及空间差异测度，并运用障碍因子诊断模型分析影响居民生活质量水平的障碍因子，得出如下结论：① 2004―2018年黄河流域城市居民生活质量高水平区域从下游城市逐渐转移到中上游城市；② 黄河流域城市居民生活质量高-高集聚区主要是内蒙古自治区及相邻区域的城市，低-低集聚区主要是河南省、山东省以及山西省的部分城市；③ 黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平的空间差异从上中下游尺度看主要是区域间净值差异贡献，从左右岸尺度看主要是区域内部差异贡献；④ 黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平的障碍因子主要是人均水资源量、移动电话年末用户数、每万人公园绿地面积、教育支出占财政支出比重、每万人拥有的道路面积与人均可支配收入等，因此在未来的高质量发展中要注重生态环境保护，特别是合理利用水资源，完善城市基础设施与提升公共服务水平。

Improving urban residents’ quality of life is an important goal and concrete embodiment of achieving high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.This article constructs an evaluation index system of urban residents of quality of life from 4 aspects (residents’ life, infrastructure, public service and ecological environment), and measures the level of urban residents’ quality of life in the Yellow River Basin in 2004-2018. The kernel density estimation, ESDA and Dagum Gini coefficient are used to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of residents’quality of life and measured the spatial difference. The obstacle factor diagnosis model is used to analyse the obstacle factors of residents’ quality of life. The conclusions are as follows: 1) From 2004 to 2018, the areas with high quality of life of urban residents in the Yellow River basin gradually transferred from the lower reaches to the middle and upper reaches; 2) The H-H agglomeration areas of urban residents’quality of life in the Yellow River Basin are mainly in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the L-L agglomeration areas are mainly in Henan Province, Shandong Province and Shanxi Province; 3) The spatial difference of the quality of life of urban residents in the Yellow River Basin is mainly the contribution of the net value difference between regions from the upper, middle and lower scales, and the contribution of the regional difference from the left and right bank scales; 4) The obstacles to urban residents’ quality of life in the Yellow River Basin are mainly the amount of water resources per capita, the number of mobile phone users at the end of the year, the area of parks and green space per 10 000 persons, the proportion of education expenditure in fiscal expenditure, the road area per 10 000 persons, and the per capita disposable income, etc. Therefore, we must pay attention to the ecological environment protection, especially the rational utilization of water resources, improvement of urban infrastructure and public service levels in the future high-quality development.

旅游资源是旅游活动的基本要素,决定着旅游资源开发利用的综合效益。旅游资源与国家重大战略的关系日益密切,树立新旅游资源观是对区域发展实践的再认识和再实践,能够为旅游资源研究提出新的课题。梳理与总结传统旅游资源观视角下旅游资源研究成果的发展脉络,研究发现：（1）旅游资源研究内容不断丰富,研究方向日益多元,在开展基础研究的同时,积极为服务国家重大战略和区域经济社会发展做出重要贡献,一定程度上实现了“理论指导实践”与“实践完善理论”的良性互动局面。（2）新旅游资源观是指在科学技术进步、价值观念变革、旅游需求提升、人均收入提高等背景下,人们对不同来源、不同结构、不同层次的旅游资源进行整合、配置、重组和优化的动态过程,表现为人们的思维认知对旅游资源性状改变的一种能动响应。新旅游资源观是对传统旅游资源观的根本突破,呈现出新旅游资源价值观、新旅游资源利用观、新旅游资源发展观、新旅游资源效益观和新旅游资源空间观等特征。（3）从旅游资源价值转化、旅游资源可持续利用、旅游资源融合发展、旅游资源区域效益、旅游资源空间重构等方面构建新旅游资源观视角下的“五维一体”的旅游资源研究内容体系,强化旅游资源的跨区域聚合、竞合与融合,揭示跨区域旅游资源开发利用的相互作用机理。（4）面对新旅游资源观视角下旅游资源开发利用过程中出现的新问题和新课题,多学科交叉融合与新方法引进是开展旅游资源开发利用综合性、动态性、区域性和系统性研究的必然趋势。

Tourism resources, the basic elements of tourism activities, determine the benefits of the development and utilization of tourism resources. The relationship between tourism resources and major national strategies has become increasingly close. Establishing a new viewpoint of tourism resources is a re-understanding and re-practice of regional development practices, which can put forward a new topic for tourism resources research. We sorted out and summarized the development context of tourism resources research under the traditional view of tourism resources. The results showed that: (1) The research contents of tourism resources are constantly enriched, and the research directions are becoming more and more diversified. Basic research actively makes great contributions to serve the national major strategies, as well as regional economic and social development. To a certain extent, the positive interaction between "theory guides practice" and "practice enriches theory" has been realized. (2) The new concept of tourism resources refers to the dynamic process of people integrating, configuring, reorganizing and optimizing tourism resources from different sources, levels, structures, and contents under the background of scientific and technological progress, changes in value concepts, increased tourism demand, and per capita income. It is regarded as an active response of people's cognition to the changes of tourism resource characteristics. The new outlook on tourism resources is a fundamental breakthrough to the traditional view of tourism resources, presenting new viewpoints on resource value, new resource utilization, new resource development, new resource benefits and new resource space. (3) This paper constructs a "five-dimensional integration" tourism resources research system from a new perspective of tourism resources, especially the value conversion of tourism resources, the sustainable use of tourism resources, the integrated development of tourism resources, the regional benefits of tourism resources, and the spatial reconstruction of tourism resources. It aims to strengthen the cross-regional aggregation, competition and integration of tourism resources, and to reveal the interaction mechanism of the development and utilization of cross-regional tourism resources. (4) There are some new problems and topics in the development and utilization of tourism resources in the new perspective of tourism resources. The integration of multiple disciplines and the introduction of new methods is an inevitable trend for comprehensive, dynamic, regional and systematic research on the development and utilization of tourism resources.

以中国（未包括港澳台地区）31个省域为实证分析对象，运用耦合协调模型和灰色关联度分析法，从时空角度对旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的耦合协调关系及其演变规律进行分析，探知旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的协调关系和影响二者协调发展的主要因素。研究表明：考察期内，旅游业、地区发展与民生改善的综合评价值持续上升，前者增长较慢，后者相对较快，旅游业发展滞后于地区发展与民生改善，二者耦合协调系数稳步增加，但整体水平不高；旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的耦合协调度在空间分布上，呈现东部、中部、西部梯级递减，南方优于北方的空间分异规律；旅游业系统对于地区经济与民生协调发展起着关键作用，其中入境旅游收入、入境旅游人次、旅游专业化程度和旅游院校学生数是影响地区发展与民生改善和二者协调发展的主要因素。

This article establishes tourism system and regional development and improve people’s livelihood system, and applies the coupled coordination degree model to doing a quantitative evaluation about the relation of tourism with area development and improvement of people’s livelihood in Chinese 31 province in 2000-2013, and analyzes the evolution rules of coupling coordination degree from the view of space-time. The results show that: the comprehensive evaluation value of tourism and the value of regional development and improvement of people’s livelihood are both rising. The former grows slowly, and the latter grows relatively fast. The coupling coordination coefficient continues to increase, but the overall level of coupling coordination is not high, only 2 provinces achieving a high degree of coordination and having not yet appeared extremely coordinated area in 2013. The distribution of coupling degrees basically conforms to the rules that the eastern > the central > the west, the southeast > the northeast, and the southwest > the northwest. To further explore the coupling coordination role of indices of tourism system to the regional development and improvement of people’s livelihood, grey correlation degree analysis method is applied, concluding that the indexes of inbound tourism income, inbound tourists, and tourism college students number are the main factors influencing the regional development and the improvement of people’s livelihood and the teir coordinated development.

This study tests a reciprocal relationship between objective quality of life indicators and traditional destination performance measures over time. A set of 16 quality of life indicators (covering economic, social, and environmental domains) and a set of five destination performance variables of tourist arrivals and spending proxies were used to perform a canonical correlation analysis. This panel data represents observations from 105 countries during the period of 1995–2018. The findings confirmed that a reciprocal link exists between the two sets. Specifically, the results showed that economic factors, along with education, and health indicators are strongly associated with performance measures of the tourism industry. The article concludes with implications for destination managers and avenues for future research.

旅游产业集聚是影响乡村转型发展的重要途径。本文采取参与性农村评估PRA、GIS 空间分析以及遥感影像相结合的方法,从土地利用视角,研究了苟各庄村旅游产业集聚的时空演化特征与驱动机制。研究发现：①乡村聚落旅游产业集聚本质上是各种旅游业态类型不断丰富和集聚的过程,以住宿接待为主的核心业态的规模扩展和档次提升为主导,伴随着与之相配套的延伸业态和外围业态等相关旅游产业链条的不断植入和集聚;②各类旅游业态集中分布在靠近景区与村庄入口的前半部分,并对交通区位和景观区位具有明显的选择偏好,其中核心业态和延伸业态主要偏向于交通区位和景观区位选择,外围业态则重点对于交通区位选择比较敏感;③旅游产业集聚是自然地理条件、利益相关者、规模经济效应共同作用的结果。由于旅游消费是一种空间消费,基于土地利用变化的业态集聚演化为旅游乡村聚落产业集聚研究提供了一个新的地理学视角。

The spatial agglomeration of tourism industry status is seen as an important dynamic factor for tourism urbanization,and is a significant way to influence transformation and development of rural areas. Research has focused on tourism industry agglomeration at large and medium scales,and data is lacking for tourism industry status and its measurement at rural scales. Based on participatory rural assessment,GIS spatial analyses and remote sensing,from the perspectives of land use we analyzed the evolution and mechanisms of tourism industry agglomeration at Gouge village within the Yesanpo tourism area of Hebei,China. We found that tourism industry evolution is a process in itself whereby industry status continues to increase and cluster. Based on scale expansion and grade promotion of the core lodging industry status,this process is along with extended industry status and peripheral industry status implants and gathers continuously. All kinds of industry status agglomeration prefer location choices strictly,core industry status and extended industry status have strong inclinations to landscape and transportation location choice and gather along the Juma River and main road close to the village entrance. Peripheral industry status is more sensitive to transportation location and it gathers along main roads close to the village rear. Tourism industry agglomeration is the result of interactions between natural geography and stakeholders （tourists,tourism farmers,foreign investors and government）and scale economic effects. Because tourism consumption is space consumption,changes in tourism land use provide a new perspective for the study of tourism industry agglomeration characteristics. A comparative study of the characteristics of tourism industry agglomeration across different kinds of rural settlements should be the focus of future work.

利用2001—2018年中国省域旅游产业与旅游经济相关数据，综合空间分析和计量模型方法，研究中国31个省(区、市)旅游产业专业化和多样化集聚的空间格局演变特征及其对旅游经济的影响。研究表明：① 中国旅游产业专业化集聚程度呈现西高东低的分布特征，多样化集聚程度则表现为东高西低；② 专业化集聚指数热点区集中于西部省份，冷点区以华东和华中省份为主；多样化集聚指数热点区位于中国沿海各省份，冷点区则主要包括新疆、西藏；③ SDM模型估计结果表明，中国旅游产业多样化集聚能够促进旅游经济的提高，专业化集聚产生抑制效应，不同区域影响效应具有明显差异，东部地区以旅游产业多样化集聚带动旅游经济，中部地区多样化集聚的正向效应尚未显现，而西部地区专业化集聚对旅游经济发挥促进作用。

Based on the data of 31 provincial districts in China from 2001 to 2018, comprehensively using the methods of spatial analysis and mathematic model, it analyzes the characteristics of spatial pattern evolution of tourism industry specialization, diversification agglomeration and proves it whether will promote tourism economic. The research stated the following: 1) the degree of tourism industry specialization agglomeration has a distribution characteristic with western areas higher than the east, and the agglomeration index is decreased year by year; on the other hand, the degree of diversification agglomeration were opposite, which is high in the east and low in the west and the agglomeration index were increased as year go on; 2) Based of the Getis-Ord G* indexes distribution graph, the model demonstrates that the specialization agglomeration indexes hot-spot areas are mainly distributed in western provinces, which cold-spot area are spread in eastern and central China. The hot-spot areas of diversification agglomeration indexes are located in coastal provinces of China, and the cold-spot areas majority distributed in western Xinjiang and Tibet; 3) SDM model estimation result shows that: China’s diversification agglomeration of tourism industry can promote the improvement on tourism economy, but specialization agglomeration has a restraining effect; for the dimension of three regions, the effect of different regions has significant differences: diversification agglomeration are significantly positive on tourism economic in the eastern region, yet the positive effect of diversification agglomeration in the central region were not as significant. Specialization agglomeration in the eastern and central regions hindered the development of tourism economy, while the western region carries out a significant promotion effect. 4) The growth of tourism economy in China is the result of the combination of various factors such as the level of urbanization, economic development, improved traffic conditions, institution environment, and the industrial structure, and all the factors have obvious effect on the development of tourism economy. Due to the consideration of the influence of spatial location, this study not only reveals the spatial correlation of the specialization, diversification agglomeration of the tourism industry, but also effectively reveals the spatial spillover effects of the provincial tourism economy. At the same time, the results show that adjust the industrial structure according to regional conditions, promote the stable and sustainable development of the tourism economy, and further study the structural proportion of tourism industry provide a significant reference.

旅游景区既是旅游业发展的先决条件和核心载体,也是最主要和最根本的旅游供给。基于大湘西高级别旅游景区数据,引入高级别景区发展差异指数,运用标准差椭圆分析法、核密度估计、全局空间自相关等多种空间统计方法,对2007年、2012年和2016年大湘西高级别旅游景区时空分布特征进行测度,并运用全局回归（OLS）模型和地理加权回归（GWR）模型,分析大湘西高级别景区影响因素的空间异质性。结果表明：大湘西高级别景区空间分布总体走向为东北—西南方向,且整体呈现小幅度逆时针旋转;高级别景区空间分布格局呈现出由“三核心两区县”向“一极多点”再到双核带动的“遍地开花型”空间格局的演化;高级别景区数量的空间正相关性不断减弱,且其在空间上的分布呈现一定的集聚特征;区域经济发展水平、政府政策扶持力度、交通条件、旅游资源因素对大湘西高级别景区空间分布格局影响显著,且不同影响因素呈现出一定的空间异质性。研究结论可为全域旅游背景下深化旅游景区体制机制改革提供科学依据和参考价值。

Tourist attractions are not only the prerequisites and core carriers of tourism development, but also the most important and fundamental tourism supply. Based on the data of high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan, this paper introduces the index of development difference of high-level scenic spots, and uses spatial statistical methods such as Standard Deviation Ellipse, nuclear density estimation and global spatial autocorrelation to measure the spatio-temporal distribution of high-level tourist attractions in 2007, 2012 and 2016. And then, it uses traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) model and geographic weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors in the high-level tourist attractions of Western Hunan. Results show that: Generally, the spatial distribution of high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan has a NE-SW trending, and the overall trend is a small counter-clockwise rotation; the spatial pattern of high-level tourist attractions shows the evolution from "three cores and two districts" to "single pole and many points" and then to "blossom all over" driven by dual-core. The spatial positive correlation of the number of high-level tourist attractions is decreasing, and its spatial distribution shows a certain dependence; regional economic development level, government policy support, traffic conditions and tourism resources have significant influence on the spatial distribution of the high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan, and different influencing factors show a certain spatial difference. The research conclusion provides scientific basis and reference value for deepening the reform of mechanism of tourist attractions in the context of all-for-one tourism.

基于“功能-能力”框架构建中国多维福祉测评指标体系,对1995~2014年中国省级区域多维福祉水平、空间差异以及功能与能力福祉的区域均衡类型进行研究发现：① 中国功能福祉与能力福祉水平均有明显提升。四大区域功能福祉水平由高到低依次为东部、东北、中部和西部地区,能力福祉水平东部最高、中部最低,西部与东北较为接近。② 整体来看,中国功能福祉的省际差异缩小,能力福祉的省际差异有所扩大。③ 中国各省份功能福祉与能力福祉的发展大致经历了“功能福祉主导→能力福祉主导→较高水平协调”的不断优化演进过程,提高能力福祉向功能福祉的转换效率是促进中国综合福祉提升及其协调发展的关键。

Constructing the index system for evaluating on China’s multidimensional well-being based on framework of “function-capability”, studying its level and the spatial difference during 1995-2014 and the evolution of equilibrium types of development about function and capability, it was found that: 1) From 1995 to 2014, China's function well-being and capability well-being were all significantly improved. Before 2000, the level of function well-being was low and conversion efficiency from capability to function was poor. After 2000, the level of function well-being in China has been above the level of capability well-being, and has continued to improve. However, there was no obvious increase in capability well-being until 2006. 2) In China, the levels of function well-being in the four regions from high to low in turn for eastern, northeast, central and western regions, the highest level of capabilityis eastern, the lowest is central, and western is close to northeast. As for inter-provincial comparison, the functional well-being of Beijing and Shanghai was obviously higher than other provinces. Obviously China’s function well-being showed eastern superiority. With higher levels of capability well-being in Beijing, Shanghai and Qinghai Provinces, China’s capability well-being didn’t show a gradual diminishing spatial pattern from east to west. 3) As a whole, provincial spatial difference of our country about function well-being is reduce, while the provincial spatial difference of capability well-being is first increase to reduce. Before 2005, the level of function well-being in Beijing and Shanghai has risen sharply, thus, inter-provincial difference in function well-being have been widened. After 2005, as the functional well-being of other provinces developed rapidly, spatial difference tended to shrink. As for capability well-being, the provincial difference had been narrowed before 1997, and had been gradually expanded in 1997-2011, since 2011, the provincial differencehas been slowly narrowing. 4) The development of function and capability have experienced a certain period about “function dominance-capability dominance-higher level coordination”. The timing of the types about coordination varies from province to province, but the relationship between function well-being and capability well-being is constantly being optimized. Improving the transfer efficiency from capability well-being to function well-being is the key to improving the well-being and its coordinated development of our country.

城市为旅游发展提供支撑,其韧性水平对区域旅游发展具有重要的影响。论文利用长三角城市群各地区2004—2018年的面板数据,在定量测算城市韧性的基础上,借助空间面板杜宾模型揭示城市韧性对旅游经济的空间溢出效应。结果显示：长三角各地区城市韧性水平空间差异显著,但总体上韧性水平呈现上升趋势。城市韧性与旅游经济之间存在较强的空间相关性,城市韧性对旅游经济具有显著的空间溢出效应(ρ=0.444,P<0.01)。其中,城市经济韧性和城市生态韧性对旅游经济具有正向溢出效应,城市社会韧性和城市工程韧性对旅游经济具有负向溢出效应。未来城市旅游发展需要关注城市韧性水平,注重城市韧性的空间溢出效应,避免虹吸效应,同时还需要加强长三角城市群区域间交流合作,促进旅游经济高质量发展。

Cities provide support for tourism and their resilience level has an important impact on regional tourism development. Based on the panel data of various regions of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2004 to 2018 and the quantitative assessment of urban resilience, the spatial spillover effect of urban resilience on tourism economy was revealed by using the spatial panel Durbin model. The results show that the spatial difference of urban resilience level is significant, but the overall resilience level is on the rise. There is a strong spatial correlation between urban resilience and tourism economy, and urban resilience has a significant spatial spillover effect on tourism economy (ρ=0.444, P<0.01). Among the resilience dimensions, urban economic resilience and urban ecological resilience have positive spillover effects on tourism economy, while urban social resilience and urban engineering resilience have negative spillover effects on tourism economy. In the future, the development of urban tourism needs to pay attention to the level of urban resilience and its spatial spillover effects, and avoid the siphon effect. It is also necessary to strengthen regional exchanges and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration to promote the high quality development of tourism economy.

乡村人口与土地利用方式变革压力下,构建恢复力已成为保障区域社会—生态系统可持续发展的有效举措。以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为研究区,从社会、经济、制度、生态4个维度,运用熵权TOPSIS法对黄土丘陵沟壑区20个乡村的社区恢复力进行测度,探讨了2015—2019年社区恢复力的时空演变;利用障碍度模型分析了社区恢复力关键影响因子作用机制,并通过比较当前关键影响因子所处维度,将社区划分为不同类型,实现社区的分类治理。结果表明：①（① “四会”指村民议事会、红白理事会、道德评议会、禁毒禁赌会。） 研究期间社区恢复力由0.171提升到0.318,其中经济恢复力上升较为明显,制度、生态恢复力呈小幅提高,而社会恢复力则表现为下降;社区恢复力空间分异更加显著,呈现为“中部高、边缘低”的分布格局。② 研究期末社区恢复力关键影响因素中,经济维度有养殖业发展水平、种植业发展水平、农业产业化带动农户数、农民人均收入;制度维度为基层领导平均受教育年限、公平性管制、村民参与决策机会;社会维度为乡村公共空间比例、流动人口比例;生态维度为“三田”面积占比。③ 通过当前社区恢复力关键影响因子各维度障碍度大小排序,依次识别经济、制度、社会、生态恢复力低值区,最终将高渠乡20个乡村社区划分为3类,结合不同类型乡村社区的特点提出相应对策建议,以期为精准化、差异化管理提供决策参考。

Under the pressure of rural population and land-use change, the building of resilience has become an effective measure to ensure the sustainable development of regional social-ecological systems. Taking Gaoqu Township in Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province as the research area and using entropy weight TOPSIS method, this research measured the community resilience of 20 villages in the loess hilly-gully region from four dimensions of society, economy, institution, and ecology. The spatiotemporal change of community resilience from 2015 to 2019 was discussed; the impact mechanism of key influencing factors of community resilience was analyzed by using the obstacle degree model, and the dimensions of the current key factors were compared to divide the case study communities into different types for differentiated governance. The results show that: First, community resilience increased from 0.171 to 0.318 during the research period. Economic resilience increased significantly, institutional and ecological resilience increased only slightly, while social resilience decreased. The spatial variation of community resilience became more significant and shows a distribution pattern of "high in the middle and low in the peripheries". Second, the key influencing factors of community resilience at the end of the research period include the development level of animal husbandry and cropping, the number of farming households participated in agricultural industrialization, and per capita income of farmers in the economic dimension; the average years of education of local leaders, fairness in governance, and farmers' opportunity of participating in decision making in the institutional dimension; the proportion of rural public space and the proportion of migrant population in the social dimension; and the proportion of the area of irrigated land, terrace, and dammed land in the ecological dimension. Third, according to the obstacle degree ranking of the dimensions of the key influencing factors, the low-value communities of economic, institutional, social, and ecological resilience are identified successively. Finally, the 20 rural communities in Gaoqu were divided into three types, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the characteristics of the different types of rural communities, aiming to provide a reference for the decision making of precision and differentiated management.

以欠发达地区城镇居民幸福水平对旅游城镇化集聚的响应为研究目标,构建二者的响应模型,识别和测度了城镇居民幸福水平对旅游城镇化集聚的响应强度。结果表明:（1）通过对张家界旅游城镇化集聚水平与城镇居民幸福水平进行格兰杰因果检验发现:旅游城镇化集聚是城镇居民幸福水平的单向格兰杰因果关系,即旅游城镇化集聚对城镇居民幸福水平具有正向促进作用。（2）由于受旅游城镇化集聚水平的影响,幸福水平在不同时期也受不同幸福外在因素的影响,关联度从精神文化环境、自然生态环境等非经济因素向社会安全环境、生活质量环境等经济因素转变。（3）旅游城镇化集聚对城镇居民幸福水平的作用路径区别于满足人们物质需求后,再满足非物质需求的传统幸福水平提升路径,而是先被动地改善&#x0201c;非物质&#x0201d;需求后继而带动&#x0201c;物质&#x0201d;需求改善以提升幸福水平。研究成果可为同类欠发达地区通过发展旅游城镇化提升居民幸福水平提供理论支撑及借鉴。

This paper takes the response of the happiness level of urban residents in less-developed areas to tourism urbanization agglomeration as the research objective. It constructs a model to identify and measure the response intensity of the happiness level of urban residents to tourism urbanization agglomeration. The results show that: (1) The agglomeration of tourism urbanization is a one-way Granger causality of the happiness level of urban residents. (2) Due to the influence of tourism urbanization agglomeration level, the happiness level is affected by different external factors of happiness in different periods, and the grey correlation changes from spiritual cultural environment, natural ecological environment and other non-economic factors to social security environment, life quality environment and other economic factors. (3) The effect of tourism urbanization agglomeration on the happiness level of urban residents is different from the traditional path of improving the happiness level which meeting people's material needs first and then meeting their non-material needs. Instead, it passively improves the "non-material" needs and then drives the "material" needs to improve the happiness level. The research results can provide theoretical support and reference for similar underdeveloped regions to improve the happiness level of residents through the development of tourism urbanization.