现代性体验是后改革时代中国社会转型过程的一个重要维度。现代性以工具理性与社会进步作为终极价值取向,强调以理性的方式规划和管理社会生活的各个方面,以期实现持续的增长、稳定的发展以及财富积累。然而,现代化过程在赋予人类更大自由的同时,也带来了新的束缚与压抑。在这一背景下,越来越多的人选择逃离现代性的束缚,在那些似乎存在于现代性过程之外的、“落后”的地方重新寻找原真性的生存体验。在这一理论背景下,本文以长期留居在西藏拉萨的汉族“藏漂”群体为对象,探讨在中国后改革时代社会转型的背景下,社会成员如何实现对现代性的“逃离”。“藏漂”群体的身份认同,其本质是对西藏的地方性的建构。这一过程包含两个维度,即对西藏的地方性的想象与表征,以及在日常生活的层面对想象的地方性的践行与体验。一方面,“藏漂”通过一系列的表征与话语,将西藏想象为一个与内地在社会文化秩序上截然不同的地方。另一方面,日常生活中的社会与空间实践,体现了“藏漂”群体对想象的地方性的践行与展演,对文化身份同样起到重要的正反馈作用。研究认为：“藏漂”对现代性的体验,反映了现代社会内在的矛盾,而“藏漂”对地方性的建构与体验,对理解“他者”与“我者”之间复杂的社会与文化关系,提供了一个新的视角。

For the past few years, the term ‘lifestyle migration’ has been used to refer to an increasing number of people who take the decision to migrate based on their belief that there is a more fulfilling way of life available to them elsewhere. Lifestyle migration is thus a growing, disparate phenomenon, with important but little understood implications for both societies and individuals. This article outlines and explores in detail a series of mobilities that have in common relative affluence and this search for a better lifestyle. We attempt to define the limits of the term lifestyle migration, the characteristics of the lifestyle sought, and the place of this form of migration in the contemporary world. In this manner, we map the various migrations that can be considered under this broad rubric, recognising the similarities and differences in their migration trajectories. Further to this, drawing on the sociological literature on lifestyle, we provide an initial theoretical conceptualisation of this phenomenon, attempting to explain its recent escalation in various guises, and investigating the historical, sociological, and individualised conditions that inspire this migration. This article is thus the first step in defining a broader programme for the study of lifestyle migration. We contend that the study of this migration is especially important in the current era given the impact such moves have on places and people at both ends of the migratory chain.

在经济比较发达以及后现代社会带来个人主体性增强的背景下,以寻找更好的生活方式的迁移——“生活方式型移民”成为一种重要的人口流动类型,并受到西方学者的高度关注。在中国,生活方式型移民开始萌芽,然而研究较少,目前主要集中在对生活方式型旅游企业主移民研究;西方的研究则涉及退休移民、生活方式型企业主移民等多种类型,但尚未形成完整的研究体系,对于生活方式型移民概念界定及其类型划分较为杂乱。为此,本文从现有文献出发,试图对这类移民的研究内容进行介绍、探讨、厘清和评析,首先确定“生活方式型移民”的概念框架,根据生产和消费在时间和空间上的结合状态将生活方式型移民划分为三种类型,并从社会交往、生活状态、旅游行为和自我认知等方面综述其迁移后的行为表现及由此产生的影响,希望借此促进中国学者对生活方式型移民的关注。

With the economic development and enhanced individual self-awarenes in post modern society, searching for a better way of life—lifestyle-related migration has become an important form of mobility and has been highly concerned by international scholars. In China, lifestyle mobility is emerging; yet, it has not caught the attention of the Chinese researchers except that a few articles have been published on lifestyle entrepreneurs. Although the international studies on lifestyle migration cover a wide range of activities, such as tourism retirement migration and lifestyle tourism entrepreneurial migrants, there has not been an agreement on the definition and typology of lifestyle migrants. Based on a review of existing studies, this article introduces, clarifies, and analyzes the studies on lifestyle migration. It first identifies the conceptual framework of "lifestyle migration." A typology of lifestyle migration according to their differences on the spatial and temporal arrangements of consumption and production is proposed. Behaviors of each type of migrants and their impacts on the destination are summarized. This articles aims to raise awareness of the Chinese scholars to pay attention to this emerging field of study.

近年来, 随着全球一体化的不断深入, 出国旅居现象正逐步升温。本文通过梳理国外关于出国旅居问题的研究文献, 总结出其主要关注以下几个方面:海外留学、跨文化冲突与融合, 及旅居者启程前与归国后的适应。相关文献显示, 虽然以往的出国旅居研究没有地理学背景的学者介入, 但其中却存在或隐含了一条明确的地理学“人—地—时空”研究脉络, 旅居者随着空间改变对新地区文化的适应甚至认同, 就是旅居者产生“地方感”的过程。由此提出, 应将出国旅居明确纳入文化地理学的研究范畴, 从地理学视角来关注这一现象。

In recent years, along with the rapid development of globalization, international sojourn has become a universal phenomenon. Based on literature study, we found the main topics in the research on international sojourn as follows: sojourn experiences of international students, transformative power of international sojourn, reentry experience, pre-departure experience. The literature showed that most of research works were published by sociologists without geographical background, yet following geographical research themes explicitly and implicitly, namely, human-environment-time and space. International sojourners would experience culture shock when they move to a new place with different culture. Gradually, sojourners adapt to and even identify with the culture of the new place. From the view of cultural geography, Sojourners' sense of new place takes shape in the process of adaptation. In this paper, we suggested international sojourn should be brought into the research field of cultural geography and pointed out ideas and topics of the research on international sojourn from geographical perspective. Future studies should focus on sojourners' influences on the sojourn places and their hometowns, especially on the identities of different places. The study of international sojourn can not only provide theoretical foundation and guidance to multicultural development, recruitment of employees for multinational corporations, cross-cultural education and cross-cultural communication, but also benefit the research of cultural geography.

研究通过4个议题（户籍与人口流动,循环流动、定居意愿及家庭策略,社会网络和移民社区,迁移、流动性和移民的日常生活）,回顾了近年来乡城人口迁移的研究。指出：户籍政策对移民在城市中的生计带来的影响将减弱,移民的住房及在城市的居住模式和居住空间、社会交往、生活方式、移民身份建构及生活空间的重构等将会成为新的关注点。新文化地理学中关于移民“微观化”“生活化”的研究应受到更多的重视。换言之,如何理解移民在个体层面的诉求和移民的日常生活,将会是未来流动性研究的重点。如何立足于国内移民地理研究的基础与发展机遇,批判性地与西方移民研究搭建对话空间和平台,结合当前中国崛起过程中所呈现的前所未有的全球化与城镇化契机,为世界移民研究积累和贡献“中国知识”,将成为未来这一领域学者研究的方向。

Against the background of new-type urbanization, rural-urban migration becomes one of the vital topics for academia and authorities. Meanwhile, migration, as an important spatial phenomenon, brings new opportunities as well as challenge to Chinese cities and society. This means the studies on floating population will be the key part of understanding new-type urbanization in a long time. Therefore, this article investigates the internal mechanism of how migrants make decision, what motivates them to move, and why they stay and attempt to contribute to a better understanding of new-type urbanization in China. This article reviews the recently migration research in China in 4 aspects: 1) Hukou and migration; 2) Circulation, settlement intention and family migration strategies; 3) Social network and migrant communities; 4) Migration, mobility and the everyday practice of migrants. The main findings are as followed: First, the influence of Hukou system becomes decreased while the accommodation, residential modes, residential space, social interactions, everyday life and practice, and identity construction of migrants will draw more attention in future. Second, we should put more emphasas on microcosmic and the everyday life of migrants from the perspective of new cultural geography. In other words, it is important to understand migrants from individual-level research through the lens of mobility. Last but not least, Chinese migration scholars should seize the opportunities to dig the basic geographical research on migration phenomenon, and critically engage with the migration research in western academia. It is important for Chinese scholars to draw the pictures of contemporary Chinese migrants in the era of globalization and to contribute the “Chinese knowledge” to world migration research.

论文梳理了地理学视角下的移民研究以及在全球化和新型城镇化背景下中国流动人口的研究,探讨在“文化转向”范式下移民地理学的研究进展和趋势。指出：① 地理学对移民的研究包括宏观上的迁移模式和动力机制的研究,中观尺度上移民的社会文化互动与地方协商问题,以及微观尺度上移民的日常生活、认同与情感;其中,“移民—地方”的核心人地关系,特别是移民的空间实践与地方协商成为了移民地理学关注的重点。② 受“文化转向”的影响,移民地理学研究正从宏观尺度的规律总结和普适性理论转移到研究移民日常生活、情感和认同背后的权力和社会关系,以揭示移民多样化的诉求。③ 移民地理学对中国移民的研究主要集中于城乡二元制度框架下对乡—城流动人口的关注,需要拓展全球化背景下多样化的移民群体的考察。研究试图拓展中国移民地理学的研究议题,思考基于发展中国家话语下的移民研究新知。

在全球化对社会产生深刻影响的当下,流动获得了内涵和外延的立体化与多面性,各种类型的流动正表征并重塑地方、社会结构和价值观念。如何认识流动、分析流动对理解当前世界多重空间尺度的各类社会文化现象、理解空间及附加其上的意义具有重要影响。一方面,流动性是流动实践空前增强的过程,这个过程既发生在全球与区域的尺度上,也发生在城市内部日常生活与通勤的尺度上。另一方面,流动性对于人文社会科学中基本概念的阐释具有革命性的作用,例如地方,认同这些话题都需要从流动性的视角进行重新思考。以时间和空间作为刻画流动性的基础尺标,在新流动性范式下,从地方、城市、移民、旅游、身份认同、政策与管制等方面探讨流动性多层次的社会文化意义,期于在流动性这一场域进行跨学科的对话,并促使国内学界对流动现象的关注上升为对流动性理论本身的解读。

With the profound impact of globalization on society, the connotation and denotation of mobility have become three-dimensional and multi-faceted today. Various types of mobilities are representing and reshaping our social structure and values. How to analyze and understand mobility has important implications on our cognition of social culture, local structure and contextual significance, as well as all kinds of socio-cultural phenomena which are currently measured by multiple spatial scales. On the one hand, mobility is an unprecedented enhancement of movement. This process not only occurs in the global and regional scales, but also in the scale of daily life and commuting within the urban areas. On the other hand, mobility overturns our understanding of the basic conceptions in humanities and social sciences in a revolutionary way. For example we need to rethink these crucial issues like space and identity with a perspective of mobility. Under the new paradigm—taking time and space as a basic judgement of mobility, the multi-layered and three-dimensional sociocultural meaning of mobility is thus to be discussed in terms of regions, cities, immigration, tourism, identity, policy, regulation and so on. This practice offers a field for interdisciplinary dialogue and communication which carries the expectation of providing references and prospects for lifting the discussion on movement to mobility.

Developing an agenda to conceptualise the connections between the domestic and the urban, this paper focuses on urban domesticities (homemaking in the city), domestic urbanism (the city as home) and the home-city geographies that connect them. Home-city geographies examine the interplay between lived experiences of urban homes and the contested domestication of urban space. Reflecting the ways in which urban homes and the ability to feel at home in the city are shaped by different migrations and mobilities, the paper demonstrates that not only home and the city, but also urban dwelling and mobility, are intertwined rather than separate.

"家"是西方地理学近年研究一个丰富且重要的新话题。国外对"家"的地理学研究呈现快速增长的趋势,现已成为文化地理学的研究热点之一。本文首先厘清了"家"的概念和内涵,发现人文地理学者对"家"的理解经历了由积极意义到批判的过程,本文据此阐述了国外"家"的地理学研究进展,主要从身份与"家"的内在关系展开,并梳理了当前研究的两大热点话题——跨国移民和无家可归者。"家"是理解社会和空间的关键场所,而当前国内仍缺乏相应的研究成果,本文以期对中国人文地理学的研究有所裨益。

Geography of home is becoming an important research field in the western academic world. Both the quantity and the citation rate of the publications on this topic are growing significantly, in cultural geography study in particular. This article reviews the diverse literature on the geography of home and calls for domestic study in China in the context of great social and cultural transitions. First, the conceptualization of home was interpreted by tracing back in the literature. Home was treated as "heaven" in early research of the 1970s inspired by the humanistic trend at the time, while was criticized for its ignorance of the negative feelings and experiences of the subordinate groups. At present, this concept is understood increasingly as political and embedded with critical interpretations. The review found that the geography of home is closely related to identity, including gender, sexuality, class, and ethnicity. These identities shape and are shaped by home. Finally the article reviews studies on two key phenomena examined from the perspective of home: transnational migration and homelessness. These studies focus on the impacts of the wider economic and social contexts as well as related policies. More importantly, growing attention has been paid to the home making practice and the meanings of home experience of the migrants and the homeless people. Despite of the abundant research on the geography of home, such study in China is relatively rare although the idea of home occupies a key position in traditional cultures of China. Especially during the recent development of globalization and social transformation, the theory of home may be helpful to explain and interpret new topics that have emerged in China such as the growth of forced migration, flow of labor force, and empty nester family. The existing body of literature on the geography of home provides insightful ideas for related studies in China. However, empirical studies should be conducted in the context of China, which may enrich or challenge the theory of home.

This paper explores some of the more extreme tendencies in the management of public space to consider whether current policy directions, in this case in central Scotland, are driven by a desire to empower or control users of such spaces. The title of the paper is taken from the theoretical lenses provided by Neil Smith and Sharon Zukin in their differential views on trends in the management and control of public spaces. The paper focuses on two local case studies to examine the possibility that a `revanchist' element is emerging in policies towards public spaces in Britain. The paper concludes that programmes designed to deal with urban and public space are a reaction to both real and perceived problems. However, there has been a privileging of a policy discourse which celebrates the displacement of social problems rather than their resolution. It is argued that such a discourse cannot ultimately provide sustainable policies for the regulation of public spaces and threatens the inclusion of some users of public spaces who may not be considered to be legitimate patrons. While this does more to foster fearful than inclusive public spaces, a thorny question remains over whether some degree of exclusion is a necessary price for policies which seek to secure public space and maintain a wider quality of life.

This paper reviews the diverse literatures on negative experiences of home at the domestic scale and sets out an agenda to further ‘critical geographies of home’. Tying into broader debates in critical geography on the delineations between the ‘mapping’ of exclusionary landscapes versus the ‘doing’ of something to transform them, the paper finds that the line between these two modes should not always be dichotomously drawn. Now is the time that the burgeoning interest in, and catalogue of research on, home is capitalized upon by pushing towards a critical geography that simultaneously illuminates and catalyses the addressing of domestic injustice.

This paper explores the concept of domestication as a way of attending to urban public spaces and the ways in which they come to be inhabited. It argues against the tendency in urban scholarship to use the term pejoratively and interchangeably with words like pacification or taming to express concerns relating to the corrosion of public life. Rather, the aim here is to develop domestication as a concept attentive to the processes by which people go about making a home in the city. Given the tremendous investment, enthusiasm and amount of policy directed towards urban development and regeneration over the past decade, it is argued that it is vital that urban scholarship continues to develop tools and concepts for offering fine-grained attention to the spaces that get produced by these interventions and to the social dynamics within them. These arguments are developed through a case study of the Prince of Wales Junction in London.

随迁流动儿童是当下中国流动人口重要且长期被学术界忽视的部分。城乡的空间跨越和生境差异对儿童关于“家”的理解产生深远影响。在文献回顾的基础上,以广州流动儿童作为研究对象,从“儿童视角”出发,通过绘图、写作、焦点小组讨论等适合儿童特点的方法进行数据的收集和分析,探讨城市流动儿童在家的建构过程中的参与和主观感知。主要结论为：① 随迁流动儿童经历着复杂的家庭分离和重组,这种动力机制在空间上体现出“家”空间的不确定性和不稳定性。流动性已成为新型城镇化背景下家空间最重要的特性;② 随迁流动儿童的“家”是城市的“家”和乡村的“家”叠加起来的意象。城市流动儿童摇摆在“城”与“乡”之间,其生长的经历中混杂着城市与乡村两种人地关系和生活经历。“城—乡”二元的混杂成为新型城镇化背景下理解“家”空间的重要路径;③ 流动儿童拥有构建“家”空间的能动性和策略。在“家”的构建过程中,流动儿童充分发挥他们的能动性,通过分担家庭责任等方式成为迁移的积极参与者,即使经历着与家庭成员的频繁分离,他们依然有自己的策略去维系“家”的存在,实现整个家庭在城乡迁移过程中的完整性和稳定性。研究结论丰富了国内人文地理学视角下的移民研究及儿童研究的相关理论成果,并为认识和缓解当前流动儿童问题提供可借鉴的实践经验和政策建议。

"Floating children" are an essential part of Chinese migrants but have long been ignored in research. In this paper, focusing on the floating children in Guangzhou, we attempt to examine the roles of the floating children in the construction of home by conducting interview, drawing, writing and etc. The findings are: (1) "Floating children" are experiencing complex family separation and reorganization, which leads to the uncertainty and instability of the space of home. Meanwhile, mobility has become the most important characteristic of the construction of home under the background of China's urbanization; (2) the perception of home for floating children who moved between rural and urban areas is a mosaic constructed by the overlapped experiences of growth process of their variables. The rural-urban dualism has become an important way to understand the space of home under the background of new-type urbanization; (3) floating children have the ability and means to help create their homes. They play an active role in this process in a variety of ways such as sharing their parents' responsibilities. They have their own means to help hold their homes together during the course of the rural-to-urban migration even though their family members are always on the go. This study aims to enrich the research on migration and children issues from the perspective of human geography, and to provide the public with practical empirical experiences and possible policy recommendations to understand the current floating children issues.

流动性的增强使迁移活动达到前所未有的广度和强度,“家”的流动日渐成为重要的流动形式,“家”的流动亦成为流动性研究的重要关注点。在新型城镇化进程中,伴随着家庭式迁移的发展浪潮,流动家庭的空间实践和情感重构成为一个重要话题。在流动过程中,移民的流动性实践往往赋予了“家”不断转换和流动的意义和内涵。基于流动性理论视角,延循“家”的地理学脉络,选取两个典型的流动家庭案例,通过质性研究方法分析对比其在流动过程中的空间实践及其对“家”的情感建构与重构的影响。研究发现：时间性、空间性和地方性是研究“家的流动性”的重要变量和维度。作为刻画流动性的基础尺标,流动轨迹的多位移空间性和流动过程的多阶段时间性使得“家”的地方性处于一个动态关联的状态。“家”的情感归属、“家”的观念和意义通过“家”的流动和营造实践在解构中被延续与重建。

Along with the unprecedented breadth and intensity of migrating activities motivated by the increasing mobility, family (as one of the most significant and nearly the smallest geographical unit) migration has become the most important pattern of migration in China, and in so doing the migration studies related to family has also been identified as an unreplaceable topic in mobility studies. Accompanied with this wave of family migration, in particular in the context of China's new urbanization, an increasing number of scholarships have intensively focused on the topics themed on migrated family's spatial practices and their emotional belongings. In the process of migrated family's mobilities, the meaning of the space "home" has been being continuously contested by the practices of mobilized families. By using the theoretical perspective of mobility, as well as the research line of the geography of home, this paper adopts the methods of qualitative and comparative case study (based on two typical cases of migrated families) to discuss the impact of migration on the mobilizing families' spatial practices and emotional reconstruction. The main finding indicates that the temporality, spatiality and placeness are several very important variables and dimensions of the study of mobility. As a fundamental ruler for characterizing the mobility, the multi-displacement spatiality of the flowing trajectory and the multi-stage temporality of the flowing process make the locality of the home being in a status of dynamic correlation. In this regard, the emotional belonging of home and the concept and the meaning of home are prolonged and reconstructed in the process of family migrations and related family-making practices. This empirical article provides a vivid description of local practices for the geography of "home" in China, and hopefully it can be contributed to promoting the theoretical progress of geography of home.

随着中国城镇化进程的推进,离乡进城的失地农民期盼在城市中营建“新家”并渴望扎根于城市。援引批判“家”的地理学理论,以典型资源型城市鄂尔多斯市的移民社区为例,分析失地农民重构后“新家”的状态与面临的问题。研究表明:在民间借贷危机与被动城市化压力下,失地农民的“新家”处于一种复杂的“不确定性”之中。在这种不确定性的束缚下失地农民通过日常生活积极主动地争取物质的富足与生活的意义。“家”的营建给了失地农民积极面对全新城市生活的理由与动力,但营建“家”的努力仍然无法让他们逃脱在城市中最真实的社会体验,并面临着在城市“新家”中多重且边缘的身份境遇。

Amidst China's urbanization, land-lost peasants who migrated from the countryside aspire for establishing ‘new homes’ and settling down in the city. Drawing on the theories of the critical geographies of home, this paper focuses on the rural-to-urban migrant communities in a recourse-based city, Ordos, exploring the ways and problems that land-lost peasants reconstruct their new home. This research found that: under the double pressures of private lending crisis and forced urbanization, the ‘new homes’ of land-lost peasants were caught into a state of hyper-uncertainty. Yet, the land-lost peasants were able to actively reconstruct the material and emotional meanings of home through everyday practices in response to such uncertainties. Although home-making provided emotional impetus for land-lost peasants to continue their new life in the cities, they were not able escape from the actually-existing precariousness and social inequalities, which placed their “new homes” into multiple marginalization.

新文化地理学视角下的空间不仅具有物质属性,也是社会关系的容器。家庭常被置于社会学的论述范畴,同时,家庭也以空间形式出现,并表征着家庭成员间复杂、细微的权力结构。论文以广东罗定市华石镇中越跨国家庭的家空间为分析样本,以家庭资源中的经济资源、情感资源和社会资源为分析框架,并结合家空间的实用性、装饰性和防御性等特点,考察越籍妻子在家空间中的占用、功能划分与使用、美学装饰,以及日常空间实践中自我赋权的方式与机制。研究发现：① 为家庭提供主要经济收入的越籍妻子在夫妻权力结构中占有优势,在家空间的设置和安排中持有更多的话语权;② 越籍妻子将家空间视为自我情感与认同的表达渠道,通过装饰家居环境以建立起对家空间的控制;③ 由于社会资源的缺乏,越籍妻子在公共空间中受到排斥,家空间成为越籍妻子回避邻里交往的防御性堡垒。研究认为女性跨国婚姻移民在家空间中获得了施展个人权力的契机,但其权力仅限于家空间内,现阶段难以拓展至家以外的更大区域。研究结果既是对家的地理学中性别话题的补充,亦是对它的拓展与深化。

From the perspective of new cultural geography, space not only carries material attributes but also represents a container of social relations. Family is usually discussed in terms of ethics and regarded as an ethical organism. However, family always takes the form of spatial entity that reflects a complex and subtle power structure among its members. Using the framework of the economic, emotional, and social components of family resources as well as the practical, decorative, and defensive characteristics of home space, this study examined how Vietnamese wives of the transnational families in Huashi Town, Luoding City, Guangdong Province practice self-empowerment in everyday life by occupying, dividing, decorating, and utilizing their home space. The study found that: 1) The Vietnamese wives who contribute most to their household incomes have more power than their husbands in making decisions about the set-up and arrangement of the home space. 2) The Vietnamese wives view their home space as a channel of expressing self-emotion and identity and establish control of the space by decorating the home. 3) Being excluded from the public space due to the lack of social resources, the Vietnamese wives use their home space as a defensive fortress to avoid socializing with neighbors. It is suggested that while women in transnational marriages are able to exert power in their home space, such power is confined within the home and difficult to expand to the outside world. The study contributes to existing literature of cultural geography by deepening the current understanding of gender in home space.

慢活的空间体验与追寻是人们对当代社会“束缚与压抑”的抵抗和逃避,其为特定区域的地方性理论研究提供了鲜活的实证案例。本文以丽江古城为研究案例地,基于对原住民、外来经营者、旅游者和政府管理人员的访谈资料,同时以网络日志为分析文本,在构建地方性呈现与形成分析框架的基础上,从外部认同的角度对丽江慢活地方性特质呈现及其形成机制进行了探讨。研究发现：丽江古城慢活地方性的具体维度可由区位、场所、地方感加以呈现,其中,区位包括比较区位与现实区位,场所包括外部环境、内部空间与社交活动,地方感则包括情感与延续行为。丽江古城慢活的地方性形成来源于多元主体的共同建构,其中,原住民经由历史及文化积淀而形成的慢活理念是丽江古城慢活的精神本底,这种地方性特质被外来经营者加以营造和推广,使慢活特质得以强化并成为地方性表征,这同时满足了旅游者的需求,在旅游者的认同助推下更为显化,三个主体的共同作用使慢活特质成为丽江古城不可或缺的地方性构成。此外,本文还对旅游场域下地方性的特殊性与不同范式下的地方性形成机制进行了探讨。

Recently, people start to seek and experience space of slow living to resist and escape from the "constraint and pressure" caused by modern society. This becomes evident in some particular areas and provides empirical cases to extend the placeness theory. By selecting the Old Town of Lijiang as a case study, this research aims primarily to explore the manifestation and formation mechanism of the placeness feature of Lijiang from multiple identities. The data used in this study were collected through interviews of natives, non-native operators, tourists and government officials, and content analyses of web-blogs. The results show that, location, locale and sense of place, jointly build up the dimensions of identity with placeness of slow living in the Old Town of Lijiang. To be more specific, location includes relative location and absolute location; locale comprises external environment, internal space and social activity; and sense of place consists of two dimensions of affection and continued behavior. This study has indicated that identity with placeness of slow living in Lijiang is established by multiple subjects. Natives' slow living philosophy, which has formed on the basis of their history and culture, is the foundation of the lifestyle in the Old Town of Lijiang; non-native operators popularize the placeness feature and reinforce it to be a place character; at the same time such place character can satisfy tourists' needs and it is further promoted due to tourists' identity with the Old Town. Therefore, the combined effect of these three subjects has made slow living an indispensable feature of placeness in Lijiang. In addition, the paper has demonstrated the unique features in the touristic place, as well as the formation mechanism of identity with placeness under different paradigms.

转型期的中国家庭一方面日益显示出脆弱和困顿,另一方面又始终保持着自身的活力和韧性。这种矛盾的状态只有放在家庭流动性的概念框架中才可以理解。"流动性"作为理解家庭的新框架,其中包含不同层面的含义:家庭在时空上的迁徙和变动,结构和形态上的多样性和复杂性,以及家庭关系和模式上的流动性和多元化。这些表现既有其社会结构和制度成因,也反映了与家庭相关的文化和价值观念的变革。与家庭流动性相关联的家庭概念和界定,更加强调家庭的关系视角、多元视角和建构视角,它突破了家庭在经典的现代化理论中被动的、固化的角色,而被赋予了某种实践性和主体性,因而既在家庭和社会研究中具有方法论价值,也在实践中具有重要的政策意义。缺失家庭流动性视角的社会政策,是一种有缺陷的社会治理思路。

第二居所旅居在流动谱系中介于短时性旅游与永久性旅游移民之间,是一种新的人口流动现象。地理学对日常生活的关注从宏大的结构叙事向后现代的多元与微观化转向。在此背景下,本文借鉴符号互动理论,探析第二居所旅居者与当地居民之间差异的建构及其对社会互动的作用过程与机制。结果发现：旅居者与当地居民所处人文地理环境产生的内在差异,使得三亚市存在着明显的“三亚人”与“东北人”之间“我者”与“他者”的对视;这些内在差异经过“人”的定义与解释被赋予特殊意义,并基于“外地人”与“本地人”身份符号意义建构出新的内涵,影响两者的互动实践;其具体作用过程包括：不了解对方、污名化对方、不愿与对方交往3个阶段。本文从微观层面研究社会互动的内在运作机制,有利于宏观政策制定的针对性与有效性,促进旅居地的可持续发展。

The second home sojourn has emerged in the grey zone between short-term tourism and permanent tourism immigration, which is a new phenomenon of population flow described as “lifestyle migration”, “seasonal lifestyle tourism” or “residential tourism”. The second home sojourn, which has become popular across the Western world and in the developing countries such as China, is a response to the desire of people for leisure, health and a more comfortable lifestyle. With the rise and the shift of study on “everyday life” in geography academia, the daily life and social interaction have become an important research field in tourism geography studies. Geography has shifted its interest on daily life from grand structural narration to diversification and microcosm. Relevant literature concerning the development of second home sojourn and the social interaction is reviewed, and striking differences are found to exist between second home sojourners and local residents, which are reckoned to be the primary factors affecting the social interaction between each other. However, no current research has deepened our understanding of how such differences are constructed. There is limited understanding of how these cultural and social differences shape the way they act in relation to each other. Therefore, a case study of Sanya city is carried out, targeting at exploring the roots of non-internal differences between the second home residents and the local residents, and the micro-processes of these differences on social interaction, starting from the subjective initiative of “human” within the symbolic interaction theory framework. It is discovered that there exists a notable opposition between “Sanya people” and “Northeastern people”, due to the differences in identity symbols, and cultural and geographic environment between travelers (“outsiders”) and residents (“locals”). However, these differences are endowed with new connotations through the definitions and interpretations of “human”, thus affecting the social interaction between them. The detailed processes include three phases: the knowledge of others, the evaluation of others and the willingness to interact with others. It is concluded that both second home sojourners and local residents tend to know little of others, form negative judgments on others, and have little willingness to interact with others. The research on the internal operation mechanisms of social interaction at the micro level is supposed to improve the effectiveness and pertinence of macro policy-making and promote the sustainable development of second home sojourn destinations.

藏漂是利用特殊地方对抗现代性负面影响的典型群体,其漂泊藏地的生命历程为研究自我与地方的互构机制提供了鲜活案例。基于半结构化访谈和实地观察收集的研究资料,本研究从历时性的微观角度入手,分析了不同时空条件下,藏漂自我表达和地方意义之间的关系演变。结果显示：该关系具有显著的阶段性特征,具体表现为：错配期——以寻求“诗意地方”为核心的自我表达强化;适配期——以追求“放任自我”为目标的地方意义生产;择配期——以多元价值为诉求的自我与地方调适。在此基础上,研究认为藏漂自我表达与地方意义的时空互动,本质上也是在不同阶段对真实意义的持续追求。在整个旅藏过程中,这种真实意义先后表现为自我真实、体验真实和价值真实的补充与替代,且呈现出由自我向朋友、家人和地方扩散的外推趋势。本研究的主要贡献在于同时从自我和地方两个基本点出发,明确了在藏漂寻求自我恢复和地方支持过程中人地关系核心意义的阶段呈现和发展规律,希望能为探究旅居者价值追求演变规律、人地关系联动机制和民族地区的现代化发展提供有益补充。