从技术演变与居民活动视角，总结智能技术呈现出的交互性发展趋势，在回顾传统信息技术与信息通讯技术对居民活动影响的基础上，从智慧出行决策、新居民活动形式、新时空间利用特征和社会与文化效应4方面对智能技术影响下的城市居民活动变化进行梳理。最后，对“城市居民?智能技术?城市空间”的关系进行解读，并构建智能技术对居民活动影响的研究框架，从特征与模式、机制与效应、预测与模拟3方面梳理了未来需要重点关注的研究内容，以期为智能技术背景下的居民活动研究提供参考。

With the acceleration of the development and update of smart technology, various smart technology applications and services have penetrated different aspects of residents’ daily lives. Resident activities are being affected by disruptive smart technologies. Understanding the characteristics of smart technology and the new changes in residents’ activities is essential for analyzing the impact of smart technology on residents’ activities. This article summarizes the development of technology and the research focus in the corresponding process from the perspective of technological evolution and residents’ activities. From the emergence of traditional information technology to the emergence and rapid development of information and communication technology, and then to the current new generation of smart technology, technology has shown an interactive development trend. As two classic research issues, the mobility of residents and the space-time constraints of residents’ activities have always been the focus of scholars’ attention. On this basis, this article sorts out the changes in urban residents’ activities under the influence of smart technology from four aspects: smart travel decision-making, new residents’ activity forms, new space utilization characteristics, and social and cultural effects. Furthermore, the ever changing relationships between urban residents, smart technology and urban space are interpreted. A highly smart organism is formed under the interaction among urban residents, smart technology, and urban space, which is guided by residents’ needs, assisted by the empowerment of smart technology and the high-quality space carrier. Finally, a research framework for the impact of smart technology on resident activities is constructed, and the research contents that needs to be focused on in the future are sorted out from three aspects: characteristics and models, mechanisms and effects, and prediction and simulation, in order to provide a reference for the research on resident activities under the background of smart technology.

Advances in information technology are the core of the information revolution.The information revolution has been the important driving force to promote the current national,regional and urban socio-economic development and rapid transformation.And it lasting and profoundly impacts and changes inherent understanding,which has formed socio-economic and spatial structure since the Industrial Revolution.Along with the acceleration of the construction of high-speed railways,rapid development of regional cities and wisdom of city's construction,mobile communication technology is moving us into a new mobile information age.Due to time and space concept is redefined,a new space-time emerges,which makes urban geography a fundamental change.Research paradigm,methods and content of urban geography have begun to change dramatically,so traditional theoretical framework cannot meet the needs for the current research any longer.This paper analyzes the influence of mobile communications technology on the change of network and geospatial information space,and proposes mobile social theory framework based on mobile information technology,that is to say,intelligent cities melt technics,economy,society,and space.The construction of intelligent cities contains four levels: system level,technical level,economic level and social level.At the system level,it is important to improve positive interaction of the governments,enterprises,scientific institutions,private institutions,and make institutional arrangement.We should build a mobile community technology platform based on the wireless network,IOT,mobile devices at the technical level.Based on the development of mobile information,services become the focus of other industries at the economic level.Mobile social networks can actively promote communication between people at the social level.Then paper explores the research methods of urban geography of the mobile information age,and research priorities from urban space and form transformation,travel behavior,urban and regional spatial effect to urban and regional governance,and so on.We wish that urban geography research would better serve urban and regional development,planning and governance in mobile information era.

信息时代居民的流动性特征在很大程度上反映了“流空间”特征。通过对城市居民流动性评价,以及居民流动性与地理空间活跃程度的关联分析,研究居民流动性与实体地理空间的耦合关系及所呈现出的“流空间”结构与特征等。基于信息时代南京市居民行为活动的问卷调查数据,从人流、货物流、信息流和活动流4个方面构建居民流动性指标体系,采用熵值法对居民的流动性进行综合测度,以街道为单元分析居民流动性的空间特征,南京市居民流动性的空间特征总体上呈现出中心-外围的圈层式布局结构;根据居民流动性和空间活跃度的耦合关系将“流空间”划分为4种类型,当前应加强高流动性-弱活跃度、低流动性-强活跃度2类地区的网络空间和地理空间协调发展。

The traditional geographic space is undergoing a rapid transformation in the information age. The cyberspace plays a continuing role on the real geographical space, and the space of flow takes as a new spatial form. The residents’ fluidity can reflect the characteristics of the “space of flow” to a large extent in the information age. Based on the comprehesive measures of resident fludity carried out in the city, this article researches on the characteristics of the “space of flow” and the coupling relationship between the resident fludity and physical geographical space, through the correlation analysis of the resident fludity and the activity level of physical geographical space. On the basis of the index of resident fludity in the information age, this article uses survey data of behavioral characteristics of residents during the information age and the method of comentropy to determine the weight to evaluate the resident fluidity in Nanjing. The result indicates that the spatial characteristics of the resident fludity shows the layered structure of center-periphery, and there is a spatial tendency to expand along the axis. In the transitional phase of industrial era to information age, the resident fludity, on the one hand, is constrained and limited by the geographical space, which shows some characteristics of geographical space; on the other hand, due to such reasons as uneven space of residents’ information using and individual differences of information on the behavior, the resident fludity indicates a new characteristics of spatial difference. According to the coupling relationship between the fluidity of residents and physical geographic space, “space of flow” can be divided into four types: high fluidity-strong activity, high fluidity-weak activity, low fluidity-strong activity and low fluidity-weak activity. The various combinations represent the organizational model and structure of the “space of flow”. During the transitional period, we should focus on coordinating development of two types of regions, high fluidity-weak activity and low fluidity-strong activity, of cyberspace and geographical space to enhance the function of “space of flow”. It is a meanfull attempt of quantitive evaluation for the “space of flow”, and the advanced research will be done on the basis of a large number of sample surveys.

智慧社会下,信息通信技术已经渗透到居民日常生活中各个方面的网络/实体活动经历,是理解智慧社会发展的核心。同时,虚拟—实体空间关系、网络—实体活动关系及其对城市地域空间重构与演化的影响一直得到城市地理学者的广泛关注。在综述已有居民活动时空间研究的基础上,指出智慧社会下居民网络—实体活动的关系已经超越简单的替代—促进二元关系,而承载网络与实体活动的虚拟与实体空间也相互交织影响,挑战对实体空间中地方与移动性的理解,并重构虚拟空间中的秩序和规律,丰富智慧社会下城市地理学的研究问题。超越技术决定论与基于技术决定论的虚实空间二元论的讨论范畴,更能反映城市地理学在智慧社会发展话语体系中的地位。与发达国家不同,中国同时经历着快速的信息化与城镇化,对居民网络/实体活动组织及虚拟—实体空间关系的研究不仅提供了新的案例与理论贡献,而且为城镇化的可持续发展提供实践策略。

Overall, the academic research and government/media reports regarding the development of e-society mainly focus on technological progress. The ubiquitous influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on people and the society, however, is largely ignored. The fact is that a multitude of ICT has been penetrated into almost every sphere of people's daily life in the e-society, which exists in their everyday e-activities/physical activities experience. Therefore, the impact of ICT on people and the society, as the key to the understanding of e-society, has emerged in people's e-activities/physical activities experience. Urban geographers have devoted much attention to investigation of the virtual-physical space and e-activities-physical activities relationships and their potential (or actual) effects on the evolution of urban spatial development. Based on a review of spatial-temporal activity literature, this paper points out that the e-activities-physical activities relationship has gone beyond the simple substitution-generation relation. And the virtual and physical space which bear the e-activities and physical activities have interrelated complicatedly, which is far beyond the assumed virtual-physical space dichotomy. This complicated interrelationship has further challenged our traditional understanding of the place and mobility in the physical space and reshaped the orders and rules of virtual space. Furthermore, the exploration beyond the virtual-physical dualism which is stemmed from the technological determinism also highlights the important role of urban geographers in analyzing and guiding the development of e-society. Unlike developed countries where informatization lags behind urbanization, China experiences the rapid urbanization and informatization simultaneously. The research on the interrelationship between physical space and virtual space through human activities/e-activities not only contributes to enriching the literature with new cases but also provides empirical insights for sustainable urbanization in the e-society.

以人为本的公共服务是智慧城市建设的首要内容。本文以快速城镇化进程中的石家庄市智慧城市建设为例,结合671份有效调查问卷,从分析城市居民现实需求入手,研究城市公共服务存在的问题,为确定智慧城市建设方向和重点提供决策依据。结果显示,交通出行和空气治理是城市公共服务智慧化亟需改善的内容,食品安全则需加强重点环节监管和全过程信息采集,医疗教育、社会保障应加强信息资源的整合共享和均衡配置,无线网络全城覆盖和网上远程服务是公众的期盼。研究结果表明：石家庄智慧城市建设还处在初期阶段,公共服务水平距离居民需求还存在不小差距,在政府统筹的引导机制、市场导向的动力机制和社会公众的参与机制等方面还不健全,应从优化顶层设计、整合信息资源、推进数据决策、强化社会参与等方面不断完善智慧城市公共服务建设管理。

People-oriented public services are the main content of smart city construction. This study takes the urban development of Shijiazhuang, a provincial capital city undergoing rapid urbanization, as an example to examine problems in public service provision with respect to smart city construction based on practical needs of the city residents. The study used 671 samples from a questionnaire survey. It aimed at providing decision support for the determination of smart city construction direction and priorities. The results show that traffic and air pollution control are in urgent need of improvement by means of smart city development; in the area of food safety it is required that supervision of its key aspects should be strengthened and information collection should cover the whole processes; in the areas of medical care, education, and social security, integration, balanced supply, and sharing of information resources should be strengthened; improving wireless network coverage and online remote services are also widely expected by the public. Overall, smart city construction in Shijiazhuang is still in the initial stage. The actual level of public services is still far from being able to meet the needs of its residents. Significant improvements are needed in the leading role of the government, influence of the market forces, and public participation. Public service provision and management in smart cities can be improved by the optimization of top-level design, integration of information resources, promotion of digital decision support, and improvement in public participation.

With the rapid development of web services, information and communication technologies (ICT) which are based on computer science have infiltrated into people's life in all the fields and made a great impact on human daily life, which have attracted increased attention from geographic, transportation and planning researchers. This paper reviews the previous literatures and analyzes the findings regarding to the role of ICT in personal spatial-temporal behavior. Foreign scholars combine ICT with spatial-temporal concept which is developed by time geography researchers and discuss the impacts of ICT on human space-time activities which is sometimes called"new time geography". They introduce the core concept of space-time constraints and study the interaction between ICT and them. They also use the notion of fragmentation and multitasking which are original in the field of time use and can be distinctive perspective in ICT research. They use 3D GIS to visualize and help to understand physical activities, virtual activities and the process of their interaction, and carry out data management.

智慧城市和人本城市建设的浪潮已经触及到了城市的细胞——社区,智慧社区建设已成为未来10多年中国智慧城市发展的关键所在。在社区网格化管理逐步成熟以及城市社区管理逐步信息化的新背景下,本文从中国城市社区管理与服务发展现状及存在问题出发,提出中国城市社区管理与服务智慧化路径：智慧社区建设应以社区动态规划为引导、以社区网格化管理为依托,通过多网格融合和技术标准建立与互融,实现社区服务精细化。特别强调社区规划应突破社区物理空间,并对社区空间进行重新划分,实现行为空间和社会空间意义上的再社区化;进而实现社区网格的科学划分和动态管理,并基于居民时空间行为的模式挖掘和需求分析,提供社区居民行为引导策略。

The wave of smart city construction and people-oriented development has gradually reached the basic organizational unit of cities: communities, and the building of smart community is considered the key to the smart development of Chinese cities. Based on an analysis of the current situation and existing problems in the development of management and service systems of residential communities in Chinese cities, this article offers the view that the development of smart communities should be guided by dynamic planning and based on a management system using grid data and corresponding tools, and fine tune services through the integration of multiple layers of grid and the development and integration of technological standards. The planning of community management should break the physical boundary of communities and re-divide and recreate the space of communities to form "new communities" in terms of behavioral space and social space, and thus achieve improved division and dynamic management of community grids, as well as change of behavior of residents in the communities based on the analyses of their behavioral patterns in space and time and needs.

Within the context of the intersection of the global megatrends of urbanisation, ageing societies and digitalisation, this paper explores older people’s mobility, with a particular interest in public transport, and a strong consideration of digital/ICT elements. With a focus on (smart) mobility, the paper aims to conceptualise transport, one of the main domains of age-friendly cities as a core element of a smart, age-friendly ecosystem. It also aims to propose a justice-informed perspective for the study of age-friendly smart mobility; to contribute towards a framework for the evaluation of age-friendly smart transport as a core element of the global age-friendly cities programme that comprises mobility practices, digital data, digital networks, material/physical geographies and digital devices and access; and to introduce the term “mobility digital ecosystem” to describe this framework. The paper uses the method of a narrative literature review to weave together a selected range of perspectives from communications, transport, and mobility studies in order to introduce the embeddedness of both communication technology use and mobility practices into their material conditions. Combining insights from communications, mobility and transport and social gerontology with a justice perspective on ICT access and mobility, the paper then develops a framework to study age-friendly smart mobility. What we call a “mobility digital ecosystem” framework comprises five elements—mobility practices, digital data, digital networks, material geographies, digital devices and access to services. The paper contributes a justice-informed perspective that points towards a conceptualisation of age-friendly smart mobility as a core element of the age-friendly cities and communities in the WHO’s global age-friendly cities programme.

以中国31个省级行政单位为研究对象,从教育服务、文化服务、医疗卫生服务、基础设施服务、社会保障服务和信息化服务6个方面构建指标体系,综合测度各省份城市和农村基本公共服务水平;利用信息熵原理构建基本公共服务均等化指数,测度各省份城乡基本公共服务均等化程度,并用探索性空间数据分析方法对城乡基本公共服务均等化指数的空间格局进行研究。研究表明：① 各省份城市和农村基本公共服务水平的差异均十分显著。城市基本公共服务水平的空间分布为“T”字型格局,并呈“东—中—西”阶梯状递减;农村基本公共服务水平的空间分布与城市存在很大的不一致性,呈“东—西—中”阶梯状递减的格局。② 31个省份的城乡基本公共服务均等化指数偏低,其空间分布存在着显著的全局空间自相关特征。③ 各省份农村基本公共服务水平对均等化指数的影响大于城市,城乡基本公共服务均等化指数与农村基本公共服务水平的关系类似马太效应。

With the rapid socio-economic development, and the progresses of urbanization, the demand for basic public service is increasing both in rural and urban areas. Thus, regional and urban-rural non-equalization are increasingly prominent, which are critical to the development of the harmonious society. Against this background, the paper established an index system for basic public service level evaluation from six aspects, including education services, cultural services, health services, social security services, infrastructure services and information services, in order to assess the basic public service level in both urban and rural areas of China's 31 provincial level administrative units. Taking the assessment outcomes as variables, we evaluated equalizations of basic public service in urban and rural areas of China's 31 provincial level administrative units by the method of information entropy. Finally, we explored the spatial pattern of the equalization of basic public service in urban and rural areas with the method of "Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis". As a result, firstly, there are significant inter-provincial differences in the public service level between urban and rural areas. The spatial distribution of basic public service level in urban areas present the letter "T" shape, and the basic public service level decreases from east to central part then to west, while the spatial distribution of basic public service level in rural areas, in contrast, decreases from east to west then central region. These results suggested that to speed up the economic development of relatively backward areas is an effective way to improve the level of basic public service in urban areas. Secondly, equalizations of basic public service in urban and rural areas are generally low, with a significant global autocorrelation in the spatial distribution. Thirdly, the relationship between the equalization of basic public service in urban and rural areas and the basic public service level of rural areas is similar to the Matthew Effect. The influence of basic public service level of rural areas on the index of the equalization of basic public service is greater than that of urban areas. So, it is important for the improvement of the equalization of basic public service to enhance the level of basic public service of rural areas.

This paper reports findings from research into the possibility that mobility-related social exclusion could be affected by an increase in access to virtual mobility – access to opportunities, services and social networks, via the Internet – amongst populations that experience exclusion. Transport is starting to be recognised as a key component of social policy, particularly in light of a number of recent studies, which have highlighted the link between transport and social exclusion, suggesting that low access to mobility can reduce the opportunity to participate in society – a finding with which this research concurs. Following the identification of this causal link, the majority of studies suggest that an increase in access to adequate physical mobility can provide a viable solution to mobility-related aspects of social exclusion.

This paper employs two basic approaches: fuzzy location-orientation method based on neighborhood facilities and fuzzy multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method. The study focuses on spatial agglomeration analysis of e-shops which have tangible stores at Taobao website. The Taobao e-shops located in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin have six categories of goods: digital products, household collections, clothing, skin care, stationery and sports. These e-shops can be divided into four location types: complete, overlapping, transitional and partial. Based on these four types, this paper reveals the biased characteristics of location-orientation of various e-shops and the changes of location orientation influence factors in information era, and further explores the optimal location choices of digital product e-shops which have obvious location distribution. The research findings are as follows. (1) Different goods categories have significant differences on e-services network location choice (ESNLC), and decentralization and agglomeration coexist. Agglomeration only happens at precious commodities such as digital categories and it still relies on traditional neighborhood facilities. By contrast, the majority of ordinary commodity e-shops barely have overlapping location layout, and have already shown a new location-oriented regular pattern, which no longer follows the traditional location theory. (2) The e-services network location choices under different commercial models differ from each other. The influences on ESNLC of c2c e-commerce model tend to be more different from the traditional location choice, which indicates that c2c e-commerce is the foundation of changes of location-orientation influence factors of e-shops. In addition to the old transmission network, sources of supply, market concentration factors, skilled labor factors and trust factors would become the mainstream. (3) Triangular fuzzy numbers can be used to calculate the optimal location of precious goods e-shops, such as digital product category, which have aggregated neighborhood facilities and obvious location orientation. The optimal location is selected from the overlap location to complete location. The larger the number of neighborhood facilities is, the stronger the location-orientation is. (4) In the electronic age, the traditional location theory will be extended or improved to be fully interpreting the location phenomenon of electronic service network.

The wide application of information and communication technologies(ICTs)has been argued to be critical to spatial transformation of firms.Recent advances in the studies along this line have challenged traditional location theory.The existing literature,however, focuses mainly on the impacts of ICTs on locational conditions and industrial spatial distribution.The dynamics behind such changes have not yet been given sufficient attention by ge- ographers.Given this background,this paper investigates the impact of new ICTs on traditional location theory and the dynamics of industrial re-location that are enabled by new ICTs, based on data collected from an investigation of 178 firms.The paper argues that the application of new ICTs has been a key location factor in the information age,and that the time-cost is becoming critical to the spatial organization of firms,particularly as a result of a shorter product life and mass customization,among other dynamics.

基于超制图学的基本思想,建立模型将物流配送的时间距离,换算成km为单位的空间距离。在此基础上,通过ArcGIS 的地图投影空间变换方法,用换算出的“距离”重新定义两地间距离,变形原地图形成时间距离地图。选取位于北京的50 家淘宝网化妆品C2C电子商务卖家,分析其近6 个月的交易信息,基于时间距离地图,研究其虚拟商圈形态特征及产生原因。结果表明,C2C电子商务在时间距离地图上的虚拟商圈,呈现出与传统零售业商圈类似但又不完全相同的特征:信息技术降低空间摩擦,使得虚拟商圈辐射范围较广;“时间距离”影响了消费决策,虚拟商圈呈现出近圆形圈层;但“时间距离”的“摩擦阻力”不是消费决策唯一影响因素,虚拟商圈的渗透性、重叠性、动态变化较传统商圈增强。

According to the theory of metacartography, this paper, using model-building, tries to transform the spatial distance into the temporal distance. On this basis, it re-defines the distance between two places using the map projection transformation method in ArcGIS. Thus, the temporal distance map is obtained theoretically. Then this paper, taking the case of 50 cosmetics retail stores on TAOBAO in Beijing as an example, analyzes their transaction information of 6 months, and conducts studies on the features and causes of virtual trading area based on the temporal distance map. Some unique features are shown compared with traditional trading area. (1) The virtual trading area has even a wider range because the new ICTs can reduce the space friction. (2) The temporal distance affects consumption decision so that the virtual trading area demonstrates hierarchy. (3) The frictional resistance of temporal distance is not the unique factor affecting consumption decision, and, in actual cases, the virtual trading areas demonstrate more permeability, superposition and dynamics compared with the traditional trading area.

空间距离是影响传统商业区位的关键因子.但随着信息通信技术(ICT)的迅速普及,空间距离对经济活动尤其是电子商务发展的限制越来越小,时间成本的影响地位日益凸显.然而,时间成本是否成为电子商务区位发展的核心机制,仍有待商榷.以成都市为例,通过建立O2O电子商务市场规模与时/空距离可达性和区位优势度的空间关系,尝试回答这一问题.结果表明:① 整体上,时间成本对成都市O2O电子商务空间发展的影响地位已经高于空间距离,成为了其区位核心机制的首要因素.② 基于空间距离的成都市O2O电子商务区位发展更自由,但对时间距离更敏感,市场规模更严格地按照时间距离区位优势度进行分布,这导致其与时间距离区位优势度的空间匹配性更好,依赖性更高.③ 随着城市"中心--边缘"的空间过渡,时间成本对O2O电子商务区位的影响基本不变,空间距离的影响逐渐减弱,时间成本的影响地位得到相对提升;空间距离和时间成本分别成为影响城市中心区和边缘区O2O电子商务区位发展的核心因子.④ 当前,受信息化,城市化,商业决策者和消费者等的影响,空间距离对O2O电子商务区位的影响仍不能忽视,其区位核心机制由时间和空间共同决定.⑤ 消费者和供应商的利益诉求,以及ICT的便捷性,是时间成本对O2O电子商务区位发展影响地位整体上高于空间距离的主要原因.

The main factor that decides the location of traditional businesses is the physical distance between their location and their target customers. Development of information and communication technologies (ICT) means the influence that physical distance exerts on businesses has decreased; however, the influence of time (the time it takes customers to visit physical retail outlets) has increased. However, it is not known if the costs associated with time are the main factors dictating the location of e-commerce businesses that decide to open a physical outlet: this paper tries to answer this question. The paper establishes a spatial relationship between the market size of online-to-offline (O2O) businesses and the accessibility and the location advantage relating to time/physical distance in Chengdu, in China's Sichuan Province. The results show that: (1) Overall, time has a greater impact than physical distance on business activities in Chengdu, and is the primary factor in the location selection of O2O businesses. (2) The O2O business whose location is dictated by physical distance has freedom to develop; however, the one whose location is dictated by time is more sensitive, and the spatial distribution of market size is more suitable to the location advantage based on time-cost. Hence, the spatial matching and the dependence between market size and location advantage show that there are slightly more businesses whose location is dictated by time than by distance in Chengdu. (3) Moving from the urban center to the outskirts of Chengdu, the influence of time on the location of O2O businesses remains almost the same, and the influence of physical distance gradually weakens. This means that, outside the urban centers, time has a greater influence than distance. Physical distance dictates the location of O2O businesses in Chengdu's urban center and time dictates their location in Chengdu's outskirts. (4) The impact that physical distance has on the location of O2O businesses is important in Chengdu because of its urbanization and ICT levels, and because of the behavior of consumers and suppliers. This means that both time and distance play a key role in the location development of O2O businesses. (5) The main factors that encourage an e-commerce business to open a physical outlet include demands from the consumers and the suppliers on reducing time-related costs, and the convenience of ICT.

Identifying and treating co-existing diseases are essential in healthcare for the elderly, while physical rehabilitation care teams can provide interdisciplinary geriatric care for the elderly. To evaluate the appropriateness of demand and supply between the population at demand and physical rehabilitation resources, a comparative analysis was carried out in this study. Our study applied seven statistical indices to assess five proposed methods those considered different factors for geographic accessibility analysis. Google ratings were included in the study as a crucial factor of choice probability in the equation for calculating the geographic accessibility scores, because people’s behavioral decisions are increasingly dependent on online rating information. The results showed that methods considering distances, the capacity of hospitals, and Google ratings’ integrally generated scores, are in better accordance with people’s decision-making behavior when they determine which resources of physical rehabilitation to use. It implies that concurrent considerations of non-spatial factors (online ratings and sizes of resource) are important. Our study proposed an integrated assessment method of geographical accessibility scores, which includes the spatial distribution, capacity of resources and online ratings in the mechanism. This research caters to countries that provide citizens with a higher degree of freedom in their medical choices and allows these countries to improve the fairness of resource allocation, raise the geographic accessibilities of physical rehabilitation resources, and promote aging in place.

在互联网络和信息技术的影响下，网上购物、团购等基于电子商务平台的网络消费方式得到极大发展，网络消费逐渐成为城市居民消费选择的重要方式，网络消费市场得到了较快的发展。同时，由于居民社会阶层的差别及相应居住空间的分异，导致网络消费呈现出不同的空间特征，并且对实体空间产生不同程度的影响。通过对南京居民网络消费情况的问卷调查，分析个人社会经济属性、住房状况、交通方式以及移动网络使用等体现居民社会阶层状况的要素对居民网络消费选择的影响，进而分析居民网络消费的空间分布特征，研究城市不同空间的网络消费构成和网络消费商品类型特征，在此基础上分析不同空间网络消费对交通出行和实体商业空间结构的影响程度。

Online consumption has been developed rapidly under the driving of internet and information technologies, which is increasingly more and more important for urban residents' consumption. Due to the differences of residents' social classes and residential space differentiation, the online consumption has different spatial characteristics and multiple effects on physical space. The researchers have focused on the influencing factors of online consumption and the characteristics of residents' online consumption behavior. When it comes to the influencing factors, they discussed the relationship between the choice of online consumption and internet infrastructure, advertising media, e-commerce as well as residents' social economic attrubutes. Meanwhile, some empirical studies have been focused on the role of online consumption on corresponding physical consumption. The authors would pay close attention to some new factors which affect online consumption, such as living, transportation, logistics and the usage of mobile internet. Then the spatial distribution of residents' online consumption is analyzed. The survey was conducted by face-to-face questionnaire during August of 2011, and the respondents were randomly selected in different urban districts and different residential areas. A total of 1003 questionnaires were delivered and 997 copies were retrieved. Based on the data of the questionnaires, the authors analyzed the influence of social status on the choices of residents' online consumption, and then revealed the spatial characteristics of residents' online consumption through calculating the proportion of online consumption residents in different habitats and the type of online consumption goods. Finally, the effects of online consumption on urban spatial organization and travel behavior were discussed. It is indicated that the socio-economic attributes, such as gender, age, income and education, have significant impact on the online comsumption behavior. Because of the lower goods price, people with lower income and poor housing condition prefer the online shopping. The transportation modes have significant impact on the wholesale (Tuangou) consumption, and the public transportation systems are the basic support for the development of the interaction consumption integrating online and physical ways. The limitation of the fixed information technologies on the online consumption tends to be weaker, while the mobile information technologies gradually affect online consumption. Meanwhile, the proportions of online consumption residents show differentiation characteristics between different urban spaces, such as downtown areas, outskirts and suburbs. So it can be seen that the influences of online consumption on the physical space and travel behavior vary in different urban spaces.

城市公共服务设施的配置水平直接影响到居民的生活品质。论文基于高德地图获取的地图数据,使用城市网络分析工具(Urban Network Analysis Toolbox, UNA)对大连市沙河口区内的6类公共服务设施分布进行空间分异分析,并对区内90个社区的居民出行可达设施的数量及类别进行测度,最后对各个社区进行总体评价。结果表明：① 大连市沙河口区公共服务设施空间分布不均,北多南少,呈现出“一主多次”的“廾”字形的结构,主要分布在西安路商业区周边和各个街道的次级商业区;② 居民可达设施数量空间差异大,北多南少,各街道均有1或2个区域可达设施数量较多;③ 居民可达设施类型数量存在一定差异,70%以上的住宅楼中的居民可以获得全部6类公共服务设施;④ 各社区居民可达设施总体处于差异较小的均衡状态,但仍有个别社区存在内部差异较大的现象。设施的分布、地物的阻隔和社区的封闭程度对居民获取各类公共服务设施影响较大,建议构建“设施完善、便捷可达”的15 min社区生活圈。

The level of urban public service provision directly affects the life quality of residents, and location and allocation of urban public service facilities are an important task of urban planning and development. In recent years, the concept of urban life circle has been paid increasing attention to in China, and various localities have aimed to create a perfect "community life circle" as a key task of urban governance. Using the open source map data and the urban network analysis (UNA) toolbox, this study analyzed the spatial difference of public service facilities in Shahekou District of Dalian City, and measured the number and type of reachable facilities to residents of 90 communities in the district. Then, an overall evaluation of each community was conducted. Finally, the optimal allocation of public service facilities was proposed. The results show that: 1) Public service facilities are unevenly distributed in Shahekou District of Dalian City. There are more facilities on the north side and fewer on the south side, showing a structure of one primary center and six secondary centers. The primary center is around the commercial area of Xi'an Road and the secondary centers are distributed in each subdistrict. 2) There is a large difference in the number of reachable facilities to residents—facilities on the north side of the Malan River are more than that of the south side, and there are more facilities in one or two areas in each subdistrict. 3) There are some differences in types of reachable facilities to residents, and more than 70% of the residents can reach all six types of public service facilities. The number of facility types reachable to residents on the west side of Xibei Road-Xinan Road-Wuyi Road is less than that of the east side. 4) Generally, in various communities reachable facilities are balanced and have small differences. However, there are still some communities that show large internal differences. According to the analysis, whether residents can access the various public service facilities is greatly affected by the distribution of facilities, the barriers of ground objects, and the closed degree of community. At the end of this article, we propose to build 15-minute community life circles with all needed facilities and easy to reach.

Despite the popularity of online food delivery systems in the foodservice industry, there have been few studies into customers’ decision-making process to use online food delivery services during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study applied the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine the factors affecting customers’ intention to use online food delivery services. Results showed (a) the perceived usefulness affects customer’s online food delivery usage directly and indirectly through customer attitude; (b) enjoyment and trust are also key factors determining behavior intention toward customer attitude using online food delivery services; (c) positive relationship between social influence and customer attitude; and (d) a positive relationship between customer attitude and behavior intention in the online food delivery service context. These findings provide theoretical and managerial implications that contribute to the online food delivery service industry.

在分析信息技术与地理学相关研究的基础上,重点讨论了中国人文地理学的发展与创新问题,包括基于大数据应用的方法革新、流动空间分析的框架、人地关系理论体系与应用研究等内容。未来中国人文地理学的发展,一方面要打破传统的学科框架,积极吸纳相关学科理论、方法和技术方面的创新成果,构建信息时代人文地理学理论与方法体系;另一方面,要立足中国国情与特色,紧扣国家战略,增强人文地理解决问题的能力,加强面向问题的综合应用研究。

The impacts of information and telecommunication technology (ICT) on geographic progress and the innovation of theories and methods in geography are very popular research topics for geography and other related disciplines in the past 30 years. With wide application of next-generation information technology, geography will face with many opportunities in the future. There is more important academic value and practical significance to discuss theoretical system innovation of geography, especially human geography. Based on analysis of related studies of ICT and geography, this article pays more attention to discuss the development and innovation of Chinese human geography including methodological innovation based application of big data, analysis framework of space of flows, Man-land relationship with theory system and application, etc. As to the development of Chinese human geography in the future, on the one hand, it needs to break up framework of traditional discipline to foster a new theoretical and methodological system of human geography in the information era with integrating innovation works of other related disciplines including theories, methods and technology. On the other hand, some steps also should be done to enhance ability to solve problems for human geography and comprehensive application according to Chinese characteristics and national strategies.

科技革命带来的数字化浪潮正在剧烈地改变城市经济、社会与空间系统,日常生活中也涌现出来越来越多的数字化行为。尽管以行为地理学和时间地理学为基础的时空间行为研究对这些新现象已经有较深入的研究,但仍然有较大潜力发展出新的框架与方法。论文在时空间行为研究制约的基础上,引入环境可供性以及动态交互等理论,从信息、主体及发生场景等维度分析了数字社会下时空间行为逻辑的重构过程,归纳了动态供给下的决策信息增强、他方为我背景下的主体增强以及行为发生的时空增强等机制。面向数字社会下人类时空间的变化,研究认为需要降低行为研究颗粒度,分析时空行为情境的动态性,探索支持时空间行为实现的场景设计,关注社会资源的时空间可获得性,提高数字社会下时空间行为的响应性。

The digital revolution produced by digital technology progression has been significantly changing the urban economy, society, and spatial systems. A number of new digital behaviors, including e-shopping, riding-hailing, and instant delivery, have increasingly emerged in urban everyday life. Spatiotemporal behavior studies, in particular behavior geography and time geography, have intensively investigated these new behavior phenomena. However, there is still great potential to develop new frameworks for understanding the behavioral changes in a digital society. This framework should go beyond the current dichotomy of frameworks that divides all behaviors into those with or without the engagement of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) and further study how these ICT-enabled activities combine with physical activities. With insights on the whole course of digital behaviors and their outcomes, this study aimed to incorporate the theory of environmental affordance and dynamic interaction to look at how the digital society changes the traditional constraint-centered paradigm. This article summarized these changes in three aspects and categorized them into three kinds of "augment effects". First, the information provision for decision making evolves from static to dynamic and real-time. It changes the Information asymmetry between human and the environment reality, and creates flexibilities for adjusting behaviors at any time and in any locations. Second, the digial society has facilitated a number of the behaviors fulfilled by multiple agents rather than solely replying on the actor him- or herself. It creates a mechanism by which a number of behaviors could be outsourced and entrusted to others. It also creates huge abilities for individuals to make daily activitiy arrangements. Third, the space and time where the behaviors could happen have been enlarged. It suggests that the place where activities rarely happened without Internet enagement would be a site that digital behaviors could access. It creates the diversity of activities through time. These three augment effects could be attributed to the engagement of digital platforms. The digital platform is increasingly attracting the facilities and services to be presented online. The agglomeration benefits created by one-stop effects further attract the infux of end users. The two-side network effects render the platform the role of intermediator and infracture in the interaction between human behavior and the environment. It empowers the users to access, acquire, and use the resources and opportunities affiliated with any platform. Responding to these changes, this article suggests that temporal and spatial behavior research needs to increase the spatial resolution of behavior research and analyze the dynamics of the situation. It is essential to explore the scene design that supports the realization of behaviors. One argument of this research is to transform accessibility planning to availability planning and improve the spatial-temporal availability of social resources and opportunies. To achieve this transformation, it is necessary to study how to organize spatial planning by time, and improve the responsiveness to temporal and spatial behaviors in the digital society.