Climate change could potentially interrupt progress toward a world without hunger. A robust and coherent global pattern is discernible of the impacts of climate change on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. The stability of whole food systems may be at risk under climate change because of short-term variability in supply. However, the potential impact is less clear at regional scales, but it is likely that climate variability and change will exacerbate food insecurity in areas currently vulnerable to hunger and undernutrition. Likewise, it can be anticipated that food access and utilization will be affected indirectly via collateral effects on household and individual incomes, and food utilization could be impaired by loss of access to drinking water and damage to health. The evidence supports the need for considerable investment in adaptation and mitigation actions toward a "climate-smart food system" that is more resilient to climate change influences on food security.

Urban expansion often occurs on croplands. However, there is little scientific understanding of how global patterns of future urban expansion will affect the world's cultivated areas. Here, we combine spatially explicit projections of urban expansion with datasets on global croplands and crop yields. Our results show that urban expansion will result in a 1.8-2.4% loss of global croplands by 2030, with substantial regional disparities. About 80% of global cropland loss from urban expansion will take place in Asia and Africa. In both Asia and Africa, much of the cropland that will be lost is more than twice as productive as national averages. Asia will experience the highest absolute loss in cropland, whereas African countries will experience the highest percentage loss of cropland. Globally, the croplands that are likely to be lost were responsible for 3-4% of worldwide crop production in 2000. Urban expansion is expected to take place on cropland that is 1.77 times more productive than the global average. The loss of cropland is likely to be accompanied by other sustainability risks and threatens livelihoods, with diverging characteristics for different megaurban regions. Governance of urban area expansion thus emerges as a key area for securing livelihoods in the agrarian economies of the Global South.

为探索耕地细碎化与土地利用集约度之间的关系,论文以贵州省亚鱼村为例,利用无人机高分辨率影像和农户调查数据,在对比不同通勤距离情景耕地细碎化测度模型准确性的基础上,计算农户耕地细碎化指数,并定量分析不同农户耕地细碎化水平对土地利用集约度的影响。结果表明：对比分析6种通勤距离情景耕地细碎化测度结果,发现农户耕作地块到其宅基地的道路网络距离情景下测度耕地细碎化水平准确度更高;这一情景下亚鱼村平均农户耕地细碎化指数是187.98,该村农户耕作通勤时间成本高;随着农户耕地细碎化程度加剧,农业经营中劳动力投入、资本投入和作物产值呈不同程度的下降趋势,其中资本投入中,耕地细碎化对省工性投入的影响最为显著;山区农业人口乡城迁移背景下农村细碎的耕地资源促使农户加快退出农业生产,导致耕地低效利用,甚至撂荒。

To explore the relationship between farmland fragmentation and land use intensity, based on unmanned aerial vehicle high-resolution images and household survey data, and by comparing the accuracy of the measurement model of farmland fragmentation under different distance scenarios, this study calculated the farmland fragmentation index for Yayu Village, Guizhou Province and quantitatively analyzed the impact of different levels of farmland fragmentation on land use intensity. The farmland fragmentation measurement results of six distance scenarios show that road network from the farmers' farming plots to their homesteads was more accurate in measuring the level of farmland fragmentation. In this scenario, the average farmland fragmentation index in Yayu Village was 187.98, and time for commuting was high for the farmers. As the degree of farmland fragmentation of farmers intensified, labor input, capital input, and crop output value in agricultural management showed a downward trend in varying degrees. Among the capital inputs, the impact of farmland fragmentation on labor-saving input was most significant. In the context of migration of mountainous agricultural population, the fragmented farmland resources in rural areas had prompted farmers to speed up their withdrawal from agricultural production, resulting in inefficient use of farmland and even land abandonment.

科学解析中国耕地数量保多少与如何保等问题对保障国家粮食安全与资源环境可持续发展具有重要意义。面向共享社会经济路径（SSPs）的多情景粮食安全底线约束,本文试图利用耕地保有量、人口预测、粮食需求估算、单产提升潜力衰减等模型方法,依据产能特征—健康状态—耕作条件—利用水平的多维度耕地保护紧迫性评估框架,通过耦合时间序列的数量边界控制与空间尺度的区域规则约束刻画出中国的耕地保护弹性空间。在满足个人基本营养安全与作物单产条件干扰变量恒定的假设前提下,研究发现：① 中国多情景耕地保有量在2020—2100年间呈下降态势,现有耕地数量足以维持长期的粮食安全,但短期内则仅勉强达到理论粮食安全的临界区间1.40×10⁸~1.59×10⁸ hm²。② 不同维度耕地保护紧迫性在九大农业区划内呈现差异化分布特征,自然条件优越且适宜耕作的黄淮海平原区与长江中下游地区是综合紧迫性高值地块集聚区域。③ 可持续情景与区域冲突情景分别代表粮食安全底线约束下的最小与最大耕地保有量情景,在当前国际形势下,中国应保证短期（2035年内）可休耕量不高于9.29%。④ 基于时空耦合划定的耕地保护弹性空间可分为优先保护、严格管控、休养生息、战略储备、整治修复和特殊保护6类,不同空间的耕地保护弹性强度、目标与任务各有侧重。整体而言,耕地保护弹性空间的划定思路有助于农业结构调整、休耕政策完善等耕地空间规划体系构建,对中国耕地保护制度转型具有借鉴价值。

Under new international and domestic situations, scientific analysis of China's cultivated land quantity and its protection ways is of great significance for ensuring national food security and sustainable resources and environment development. This paper analyzes the amount of cultivated land under the constraints of multi-scenario food security within shared social-economic paths (SSPs), using model methods such as cultivated land retention, population forecast, food demand estimation, and yield potential decay. According to the multi-dimensional urgency assessment framework based on productivity characteristics-health status-farming, China's resilience-space for cultivated land protection is delineated by coupling the quantitative boundary control of time series and the regional rules of spatial scale. On the premise of satisfying the assumption of individual basic nutrition security and the constant variables of crop yield conditions, we obtain the following findings. (1) China's multi-scenario cultivated land retention will decline from 2020 to 2100. Existing cultivated land is sufficient to maintain long-term food security, but it barely reaches the critical range of theoretical food security (140 million-159 million hm2) in the short term. (2) The urgency of cultivated land protection in different dimensions presents different distribution characteristics within the nine agricultural zones. The North China Plain and the Middle-lower Yangtze River, which have superior natural conditions suitable for farming, are clusters of high-value plots of comprehensive urgency. (3) The sustainable scenario (SSP1) and the regional conflict scenario (SSP3) represent the minimum and maximum cultivated land retention scenarios under the constraints of food security bottom line. Given the current international situation, China should ensure that the short-term (before 2035) fallow land is not higher than 9.29%. (4) The resilience-space of cultivated land protection delineated based on time and space coupling can be divided into priority protection area, strict control area, rest area, strategic reserve area, comprehensive consolidation area, and special protection area. The flexibility, objectives and tasks of cultivated land protection in different divisions have their priorities. Overall, delineating resilience-space for cultivated land protection facilitates the establishment of spatial planning systems for cultivated land, such as agricultural structure adjustment and fallow policy improvement. This study provide a reference for research on the transformation of China's cultivated land protection system.

耕地是国家粮食安全的基石,关系到未来中华民族的生存。但究竟需要守住多少耕地才能满足新时代中国粮食需求的底线,一直存在着不同的争论。为此,本文从厘清不同情景下耕地最低保有量需求出发,构建兼顾人口、人均粮食、粮食单产的耕地需求预测模型,模拟完全自给、高度自给、适度自给3种情景的耕地需求量;结合耕地未来可能的变化趋势预测,判定耕地保护的理想能保量、基础应保量、底线必保量。结果表明：①2020、2025、2030、2035年理想能保量要求至少保住19.20亿、18.39亿、18.47亿、16.57亿亩耕地;基础应保量要求至少保住18.49亿、17.72亿、17.78亿、16.12亿亩耕地;底线必保量要求至少保住17.80亿、17.09亿、17.09亿、15.51亿亩耕地。其中基础应保量可作为理性的策略选择。②目前划定15.51亿亩永久基本农田基本能保障2035年粮食自给,但今后若放弃严控政策,则难以满足2030、2035年粮食完全自给的耕地需求。未来应全面细化并继续严格实施耕地保护政策,保障国家粮食安全。

Cultivated land is the cornerstone of national food security. However, there have been debates about how much cultivated land should be preserved to meet the bottom line of China’s food demand in the new era. Therefore, this study started from clarifying the minimum demand of cultivated land under different scenarios. A prediction model was constructed, which considered population, grain consumption per capita, and grain yield per unit cultivated area. Then, the cultivated land demand was simulated under three scenarios completely self-sufficient, highly self-sufficient, and moderately self-sufficient. Combining with the prediction of the cultivated land change, cultivated land protection was proposed at three levels, including the ideal amount that could be protected (IACP), the basic amount that should be protected (BASP), and the minimum amount that must be protected (MAMP). The results show that: in 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035, the IACP requires to preserve at least 1.920 billion, 1.839 billion, 1.847 billion and 1.657 billion mu, respectively; the BASP requires to preserve at least 1.849 billion, 1.772 billion, 1.778 billion and 1.612 billion mu, respectively; the MAMP requires to preserve at least 1.780 billion, 1.709 billion, 1.709 billion and 1.551 billion mu, respectively. There into, the BASP of cultivated land may be chosen as a rational strategy of protection. However, if the strict control policy is abandoned in the future, it will be difficult to meet the demand of completely self-sufficient in grain production in 2030 and 2035. Therefore, differentiated,continuous and strict policy of land protection should be implemented to ensure food security in China.

以地处岩溶槽谷地貌的万山区为研究区域，采用空间自相关、热点分析从不同角度分析了“非粮化”耕地的空间结构特征和分布规律，借助地理探测器模型探讨了耕地“非粮化”区域差异驱动因素，并结合岩溶槽谷地形地貌环境研究了耕地“非粮化”的驱动机制。结果表明：① 万山区未耕种“非粮化”耕地较多，并且耕地向林地与园地调整比例较大，在空间分布上存在较强的空间聚集性。② 在众多因素中，距离农村道路的远近是引起区内所有耕地“非粮化”的主导驱动力，导致耕地形成不同的“非粮化”类型。③ 区内“非粮化”耕地的形成与分布受外在驱动力的影响显著，不同“非粮化”耕地类型的主导驱动力不同，但内部之间存在一定的联系。④ 在原始驱动力（地形因素）与外在驱动力（区位因素）并伴随退耕还林还草、生态修复等措施诱导的作用下，槽谷谷底、谷坡、谷顶耕地“非粮化”类型大体相同。

The spatial structure and distribution of “Non-grain” cultivated land in Wanshan area, which is located in karst valley landform, were analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis, The driving factors of regional difference of cultivated land non-grain conversion were discussed with the help of the geodetic probe model, and the driving mechanism of cultivated land non-grain conversion was studied in combination with the topography and geomorphologic environment of karst troughs and valleys. The results show: 1) There are more “Non-grain” cultivated land in Wanshan area, and the proportion of cultivated land to woodland and garden land is large, so there is strong spatial aggregation in spatial distribution. 2) Among the many factors, tthe distance from the rural roads is the main driving force, which leads to the formation of different types of “Non-grain” cultivated land. 3) The formation and distribution of “Non-grain” arable land in the region are significantly affected by external driving forces, and different types of “Non-grain” arable land have different driving forces, but there are some internal links between them. 4) Under the influence of the original driving force (topographic factor) and external driving force (location factor) accompanied by measures such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, ecological restoration, etc., the trough valley low, valley slope and valley top cultivated land “Non-grain” types are roughly the same.

设施农用地是农副产品重要的空间载体。在土地利用转型视角下，区域耕地、非农建设用地规模对设施农用地规模的作用机制及其空间效应尚不明确。论文基于第二、三次全国土地利用调查数据(简称为“二调”和“三调”)，运用空间自相关分析、土地利用转移矩阵等方法，系统分析泰安市设施农用地的空间演变特征及其关键影响因素。研究发现：① 二调至三调期间，泰安市设施农用地规模总量相对稳定，但净变化剧烈，耕地、非农建设用地分别是设施农用地主要的转入来源、退出去向；② 泰安市设施农用地呈现出从县城中心向外围推移的规律性，远城区集聚趋势不断加强；③ 二调时期，耕地规模促进设施农用地扩张，而三调时期，耕地规模抑制设施农用地增长，并且在远离县城的乡镇表现更为显著；④ 二调、三调时期非农建设用地均稳定促进设施农用地扩张，这一作用在空间上普遍存在。研究结论可为耕地“非粮化”“非农化”治理以及设施农用地的空间布局调整提供理论支撑。

Facility agricultural land (FAL) is an important spatial carrier of non-grain agricultural production. Under the current land use transition, the impact of regional arable and construction land scales on the scale of FAL and their spatial effects are unclear. Based on the data of the second (2008) and third (2018) national land surveys, this study used spatial autocorrelation analysis and land use transfer matrix to systematically analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of the FAL in Tai'an City and the key influencing factors, in an attempt to provide some theoretical support for the management of "non-grain" and "non-agricultural" transition of arable land and the spatial layout adjustment of FAL. The results show that: 1) During the decade between 2008 and 2018, the total area of FAL in Tai'an City was relatively stable, but the net change was dramatic, and arable land and construction land were the main sources and destinations for transferring FAL, respectively. 2) The FAL showed a spatial pattern of moving from the center of the counties/districts to the periphery, with an increasing trend of agglomeration in distant urban areas. 3) During the second national land survey period, the scale of arable land promoted the expansion of FAL, while during the third national land survey period, the scale of arable land inhibited the growth of FAL and the effect was more significant in townships far away from the county seats. 4) During both the second and the third national land surveys, construction land steadily promoted the expansion of facility agricultural land, and this effect was widespread in space.

耕地利用系统对全球变化和人类福祉具有巨大影响。论文运用系统科学的理论与方法,探究耕地利用系统的概念、构成、运行、功能和特点,并构建耕地利用系统研究框架,对于深化土地系统科学、解决耕地利用中存在的各种问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要结论有：① 耕地利用系统是农业生产经营者在一定数量和质量的耕地上投入适量生产要素种植农作物,进而获得农产品及相应效益的自然—人工复合系统,由耕地子系统、经济子系统及社会子系统构成,具有显性和隐性双重结构。② 耕地利用系统运行及演化是自然生态过程、经济发展过程、社会演化过程耦合行进的结果,并涌现出经济、社会、生态功能,具有复合性、开放性、韧性和多等级性等特征。 ③ 耕地利用系统研究应遵循要素—结构—功能—机制—调控的理论框架,从各要素组成、作用关系及变化特征揭示不同要素的演化特征;从显性与隐性结构2个方面探索耕地利用系统结构及其转型规律;从经济、社会和生态功能3个方面探索功能演化及其对于结构转型的响应特征;从系统对外界环境变化的适应与调整机制、系统要素的相互影响与竞争替代机制、系统运行的信息传导机制、不同等级耕地利用主体协同与组织运行机制、耕地利用功能的涌现机制剖析耕地利用系统运行机制;针对不同情景、不同目标、不同主体,运用情景模拟法、多目标优化法、综合调控平衡法探究耕地利用调控策略。

Cultivated land use system has a great impact on global change and human well-being. This study used the theories and methods of system science to explore the concept, composition, operation, functions, and characteristics of cultivated land use system and constructed the research framework of cultivated land use system, in order to promote the deepening of land system research and solve various problems. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Cultivated land use system is a compound natural-human system in which agricultural producers and operators invest an appropriate amount of production factors in a certain amount and quality of cultivated land to plant crops, and obtain agricultural products and corresponding benefits. Cultivated land use system consists of cultivated land subsystem, economic subsystem, and social subsystem. It has explicit and implicit structures. 2) The operation and evolution of cultivated land use system is the result of natural ecological processes, economic development processes, and social evolution processes. It also has compound, open, resilient, and multi-level characteristics. 3) The study of cultivated land use system should follow the theoretical framework of element-structure-function-mechanism-regulation. This study revealed the action mechanism of different elements from the composition and influence relationship of various elements; analyzed the structure and transformation of cultivated land use from two aspects of explicit and implicit structure; revealed the impact of functions on structure from three aspects of economic, social, and ecological functions; analyzed the operation mechanism of cultivated land use system from the adaptation and adjustment mechanism of the system to the changes of external environment, the interaction and competition substitution mechanism of system elements, the information transmission mechanism of system operation, the coordination and organization operation mechanism of cultivated land use subjects at different levels, and the emergence mechanism of cultivated land use functions; and used scenario simulation method, multi-objective optimization method, and comprehensive regulation balance method to explore regulation strategies of cultivated land use.

农用地整治实施协调性分析可为土地整治的宏观决策与绩效评价提供参考。基于整治强度、整治潜力和整治难度等土地整治实施的核心指标,借助力学平衡模型和地理空间统计分析,综合评判2006-2012年中国农用地整治的实施协调性。结果表明：研究期间中国农用地整治协调度F_合均值为1.33,核心要素的实施匹配总体上处于拮抗状态,各实施协调度类型在数量占比上无明显差别,实施重点尚不突出;实施偏度θ以过渡型象限（II、V）居多,在协同特征上总体表现为区域农用地整治的强度和潜力间的不匹配;在空间格局上,实施协调度呈显著集聚和空间正相关性,农用地整治实施亟待优化的6类问题区域主要集中在陕甘宁、川渝等西北地区以及长三角、珠三角等地。

Analyzing implementing coordination and its spatial pattern of farmland consolidation in China synthetically is of great theoretical and practical value for improving land consolidation scientific decision-making. Based on the data acquired from the dataset of consolidation project management during 2006-2012, this paper analyzes the implementation status of farmland consolidation at county level by three core indices i.e., the intensity, the potential and the difficulty of farmland consolidation. Then mechanical balance model is used to build a comprehensive method for evaluating implementation coordination of farmland consolidation in China. Finally combined with the geographical spatial statistical methods, we make a quantitative analysis macroscopically on the implementation coordination of farmland consolidation in China during 2006-2012. The conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) regions with high consolidation intensity are some traditional agricultural areas in China, high consolidation potential mainly located in semi-humid and semi-arid region, and high consolidation difficulty distributed in complex terrain region or eastern developed areas; (2) the national average of coordination variable Ftotal is 1.33, and all coordination categories have no significant difference on quantity proportion, which indicates the general coordination of farmland consolidation is in the antagonism states and its implementation is still not prominent. Implementation skewness θ is distributed in the I~VI quadrants, in the majority with transitional quadrants (II and V), and collaborative characteristic overall performance for mismatching among the intensity and potential of regional consolidation; (3) coordination variable is significant agglomeration and spatial correlation nationwide. Coupling coordination variable Ftotal and implementation skewness θ, we identify 6 categories of problem areas mainly located in northwest China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, where implementation status of farmland consolidation is urgent to be optimized. Aiming at the existing problem of farmland consolidation implementation, our findings suggest that differential consolidation strategy and mechanism innovation according to planning requirements should be made to further optimize the project schedule, also in view of regional natural resource conditions and socio-economic status.

基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价是新时期国土空间规划中农业空间优化调整的前提，是科学划定农业空间和永久基本农田的必要依据，对保障国家粮食安全和生态安全具有重要意义。构建基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价指标体系，提出资源环境承载力集成方法和农业生产适宜性评价模型，并以福建省为案例开展应用研究。研究表明：农业生产功能指向的资源环境承载力评价包括土地资源类、水资源类、环境类、自然灾害类4种属性的自然要素，依次采用耕种条件、供水条件、环境条件、气象灾害危险性等指标刻画；农业生产适宜性则在承载力分级结果基础上，纳入空间形态类、区位条件类、生产条件类指标，建立适宜性评价模型进行评价；福建省资源环境承载力的高、较高、中等、较低以及低等级比重依次为29.86%、16.27%、12.04%、18.91%和22.91%，高和较高等级区分布于滨海平原、台地及低丘缓坡以及内陆地区的河谷、盆地及山间缓坡区域，全省农业生产适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区的比重依次为36.36%、26.76%和36.88%，适宜区具备从事农业生产活动的资源环境综合条件、且田块完整性和耕种便利性优良。案例应用表明，基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价流程可操作性强，可满足农业空间备选区试划需求，已在国土空间规划“双评价”中得到应用；根据承载力与适宜性的“双评价”结果，可按照保留型、整治型和退出型，分类实施农业生产空间优化与整治。

The evaluation on agricultural production space based on resources and environmental carrying capacity is a necessary basis for scientifically delineating agricultural space and permanent basic farmland, which of great significance for national food security and ecological security. In this regard, this article puts forward an efficient and reliable method for delineating agricultural space and assessing the production capacity, which integrates the technical frame of resources and environmental carrying capacity evaluation with the model of suitability assessment for agricultural production, taking Fujian Province as a case study. The results indicate that: 1) the evaluation method should include four crucial elements: land resources, water resources, environment, and natural disasters, which are respectively indicated by cultivation condition, water supply condition, environmental condition, meteorological hazards. 2) Based on the results of carrying capacity grading, suitability for agricultural production needs to consider the spatial form, location conditions, and production conditions. 3) The proportion of spaces with high, sub-high, medium, sub-low, and low grades of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Fujian are 29.9%, 16.3%, 12.0%, 18.9% and 22.9%, respectively. The spaces with high and sub-high grade are distributed in coastal plains, terraces, and gentle hillside, as well as valleys and basins in inland areas. 4) The proportion of agricultural production suitable zone, general suitable zone and unsuitable zone are 36.4%, 26.8%, and 36.9%, respectively. The suitable zone has comprehensive resources and environmental conditions for agricultural production activities, with excellent structural integrity and cultivation convenience. 5) As suggested by this study, the method of delineating agricultural production space based on resources and environmental carrying capacity evaluation, can meet the needs of agricultural production space zoning and planning, which has been applied in the national territorial spatial planning. According to the results of the “double evaluations” on carrying capacity and suitability, the layout optimization and land consolidation of agricultural production can be implemented, targeting at types of reserved type, remediation type, withdrawal type, etc.

针对当前国土空间规划“双评价”中存在的后备适宜建设用地与后备适宜耕地在城镇、农业空间分布上的重叠性问题,论文在对2类用地进行概念内涵辨析的基础上,尝试构建后备可利用土地资源集成评价方法,探讨不同类型后备可利用土地资源用途的地域导向,并选取山西省介休市作为案例区进行实证应用研究。结果表明：介休市后备适宜建设用地面积较大(45.3 km ²),但集中连片趋势不明显。人均后备适宜建设用地面积为0.16亩/人。区域后备适宜耕地面积74.1 km ²,人均后备适宜耕地面积为0.26亩/人。研究区域2类用地具有相似的空间分布格局,即绵山镇、连福镇等地区后备可利用土地资源潜力较大,而城区及周围地区的潜力较小。针对2类用地的重叠性和差异性,介休市城区、各乡镇中心及北部地区的后备可利用土地资源未来可转化建设用地,即未来应被划归城镇空间。连福、绵山、义棠、张兰等乡镇南部地区未来可转化为新增耕地,即应被划归农业空间。

The spatial distribution of reserve available construction land overlaps with that of reserve available cultivated land in the resources and environmental carrying capacity and territorial development suitability evaluations of current territorial spatial planning. On the basis of elaborating the connotation of relevant concept, this study developed an integrated evaluation method of reserve available land resources, discussed the regional tendency of use of these two types of land, and took Jiexiu City in Shanxi Province as an example. The results are as follows: 1) Reserve available construction land in Jiexiu City had an area of 45.3 km 2, which was 6.1% of the total land area of the city. Its distribution was scattered. The reserve available construction land could be generally divided into three levels: highly suitable, suitable, and less suitable. The corresponding areas were 3.6 km 2, 16.1 km 2, and 25.6 km 2 respectively. The area of reserve available construction land per capita was 0.16 mu. 2) The area of the reserve available cultivated land was 74.1 km 2, which was 10% of the total. The reserve available cultivated land also could be divided into three levels: highly suitable, suitable, and less suitable. The corresponding areas were 21.7 km 2, 26.1 km 2, and 26.3 km 2respectively. The area of reserve available cultivated land per capita was 0.26 mu. There were similar spatial distributions between these two types of land in the study area. The potential of reserve available land resources in Mianshan and Lianfu towns was large, while the potential of the urban area and its surroundings was small. In view of the overlap and difference of spatial distribution between these two types of land, reserve available land resources in the urban area, town centers, and the northern part of the city could be used as construction land preferentially in the future. They should be classified as urban space. Reserve available land resources in the southern areas of Lianfu, Mianshan, Yitang, and Zhanglan towns could be transformed into new cultivated land. They should be classified as agricultural space.

国土空间格局对协调区域保护与开发具有重要保障作用，其基本前提在于厘清国土空间格局内涵并构建科学有效的传导路径。由此提出国土空间格局多维度分解与传导路径研究框架，围绕生态保护、农业生产和城镇建设三个方面开展适宜性评价，基于国土空间潜在冲突识别与调解机制实现国土空间重构，运用区位熵识别优势功能分区，进而构建战略格局，并以东营市为例开展案例研究。研究发现：东营市国土空间适宜性表现为“生态保护重要、农业生产和城镇建设适宜”，潜在冲突以中度为主；国土空间重构包括农业空间、生态空间和城镇空间，地理单元的空间分异和行政单元的面积占比差别明显；优势功能分区包含重要生态功能区、农产品生产区、城市化发展区和弹性发展区，提供了分区分类的差别化管控策略；国土空间保护与开发战略格局包括“一心一屏一廊”的生态保护格局、“一圈两区”的开发利用格局和“两带”的弹性发展格局，树立了可持续国土空间利用的目标引领。研究结果可为新时期国土空间规划编制与实施以及协调区域国土资源有效配置提供有益借鉴。

Territory spatial pattern plays an important role in coordinating regional protection and development. Its basic premise is to clarify the connotation of territory spatial pattern and build a scientific and effective conduction path of territory spatial pattern. Based on the logic lines of "raster-land category-administrative region-whole area" and "suitability evaluation-territory spatial reconstruction-dominant function identification-regional consistency abstraction", this study develops a research framework for territory spatial pattern scale decomposition and conduction path. Firstly, the suitability of territorial space is assessed in terms of three aspects: ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction, with the type, intensity, and spatial pattern of territory spatial potential conflict identified using a model for identifying territory spatial potential conflict. Secondly, the "rigid constraint" and "elastic guidance" planning mechanisms are applied to mediate potential conflicts in territorial space and reconstruct the territorial spatial pattern. Finally, the location entropy model is utilized to determine the dominant function of territorial space and to establish a strategic plan for territory spatial development. Dongying city is used as an example in this research to conduct an empirical study. The results show that: (1) The territory spatial suitability of Dongying is crucial for ecological protection, suitable for agricultural production and urban construction, and the potential conflicts of territorial space are mainly moderate. (2) Ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space are all part of the territory spatial reconstruction. From coastline and coastal areas to inland regions, the boundary between protection and development in geographical units is 19.69 km and 1.6 km, respectively. The proportions of territory spatial reconstruction patterns, on the other hand, vary substantially between counties (cities and districts). (3) Dominant function zones include important ecological function zones, agricultural production zones, urbanization development zones and elastic development zones that provide differentiated control strategies for zoning classification. (4) The ecological protection pattern of "one heart, one screen, and one corridor", the development and utilization pattern of "one circle and two districts," and the flexible development pattern of "two belts" comprise the strategic pattern of territory spatial protection and development, which establishes the goal of sustainable territory spatial utilization. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for developing territory spatial planning and coordinating the effective allocation of regional territory and resources in the New Era.

准确测算农村居民点整理增加耕地潜力是科学编制农村土地整治规划的重要前提.本研究针对当前普遍使用的人均建设用地标准法存在计算简单、测算结果偏离实际等问题,以北京市平谷区为例,统筹考虑农村居民点整理的自然适宜性、生态安全性、经济可行性、社会可接受性和规划导向性5 个方面的因素,建立了潜力逐级修正的测算模型.测算模型的相关修正系数利用农用地分等方法、生态用地一票否决制、经济社会指标评价以及概念赋值等方法设定.研究表明,平谷区各乡镇自然适宜性修正系数为0.4757~0.8628,生态安全性修正系数为0.3004~0.8852,经济可行性修正系数为0.3943~0.8939,社会可接受性修正系数为0.4643~0.8165,规划导向性修正系数为0.2877~0.8858,生态安全性和规划导向性因素对农村居民点整理潜力影响的区域差异较其他3 个方面更加显著;潜力经过综合修正后,平谷区农村居民点整理可净增加耕地面积为614.13 hm2,增加耕地系数为10.77%.