基于尺度重组的发达国家小城镇转型发展研究综述与反思
胡晓亮(1994— ),男,山东蒙阴人,博士生,研究方向为乡村地理学、城乡发展与区域规划。E-mail: huxiaoliang001@126.com |
收稿日期: 2022-09-03
修回日期: 2023-01-09
网络出版日期: 2023-04-27
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42071224)
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FSHB014)
教育部人文社会科学基金资助项目(20YJCZH069)
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202106860029)
江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX21_1283)
Transformation and development of small towns in developed countries from the perspective of rescaling
Received date: 2022-09-03
Revised date: 2023-01-09
Online published: 2023-04-27
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071224)
National Social Science Foundation of China(21FSHB014)
Humanities and Social Sciences Financed by Ministry of Education(20YJCZH069)
Scholarship from China Scholarship Council(202106860029)
Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_1283)
小城镇在城乡聚落体系中占据着重要位置。自20世纪中叶以来,小城镇分化发展逐渐成为世界范围内的普遍现象。随着城乡互动与全球流动的不断加剧,小城镇受区域、国家乃至全球尺度的影响愈加显著。因此,论文将尺度概念和尺度重组理论与小城镇相结合,对国外相关研究开展综述,以期对发达国家小城镇的转型发展提供合理解释。研究指出,小城镇具有多尺度性,可以用梯形尺度、嵌套尺度、网络尺度等隐喻进行具象化表达。小城镇的转型发展蕴含了尺度生产与再生产的过程,并且可进一步分为经济、社会、文化、政策等4个维度。研究认为,在全球化和城市化背景下,小城镇原有的“核心—边缘”结构发生重构,正在经历一个跨尺度的网络化的尺度重组过程。有些小城镇在此过程中走向衰落,有些则能够成为全球网络尺度中的节点,在梯形尺度方面实现了发展跃迁,在嵌套尺度方面则扩大了腹地范围。最后,研究认为基于尺度重组理论开展中国小城镇转型发展研究有利于突破就小城镇论小城镇的研究禁锢,但需要注意不同语境下的差异性。
胡晓亮 , 张小林 , 李红波 , 李庭筠 . 基于尺度重组的发达国家小城镇转型发展研究综述与反思[J]. 地理科学进展, 2023 , 42(4) : 796 -808 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.04.014
Small towns occupy a vital position in the urban and rural settlement system and are one of the main settlement types of humankind. Since the middle of the twentieth century, small towns in Western developed countries have gradually started transitional development. Their overall decline and differentiated development have become a universal phenomenon worldwide. With the increasing interaction between urban and rural areas and global mobility, small towns are increasingly influenced by forces at the regional, national, and global scales. Therefore, this study systematically examined the relevant studies on the transformation and development of small towns in developed countries and summarized the processes and patterns of their transformation and development based on the perspective of multi-scalar characteristic and rescaling from the four dimensions of economy, society, culture, and policy, with the hope to provide a reasonable explanation for the transformation and development of small towns in developed countries. This study holds that small towns have a multi-scalar characteristic and can be embodied by ladder scale, nested scale, and network scale metaphors. The transformation and development of small towns contain the process of scale production and reproduction and can be further divided into four dimensions of economy, society, culture, and policy. Under the background of globalization and urbanization, the original core-periphery structure of small towns is undergoing a trans-scale and networked scale restructuring process. Some small towns tend to decline in this process, while others can become nodes in the global network scale, achieve a development transition in the ladder scale, and expand the hinterland in a nested scale. Finally, this article argued that it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in different contexts when we examine the transformation and development of small towns in China based on the rescaling theory. There is still a considerable gap in the research on the pluralistic differentiation and transformation and development of small towns in China, which urgently needs to be supplemented by theoretical research of urban and rural geography to provide theoretical support for the planning and construction of small towns in China.
Key words: small towns; transformation and development; scale; rescaling; developed countries
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