传统古村落研学旅行游客满意度影响因素研究——以西递、宏村为例
周彬(1979— ),男,山东曹县人,博士,教授,主要从事旅游与休闲地理学、旅游生态学研究。E-mail: zhoubin@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2021-09-26
修回日期: 2021-12-09
网络出版日期: 2022-07-28
基金资助
国家社科基金项目(19BJY205)
国家自然科学基金项目(42171223)
国家自然科学基金项目(41701164)
Influencing factors of educational tourist satisfaction in traditional ancient villages:The case of Xidi and Hongcun, China
Received date: 2021-09-26
Revised date: 2021-12-09
Online published: 2022-07-28
Supported by
National Social Science Foundation of China(19BJY205)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171223)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701164)
开展传统古村落研学旅行游客满意度影响因素研究,对于构建以人为本的乡村研学旅行产品体系具有重要意义。论文以皖南地区典型的古村落西递、宏村为例,从游客体验视角,构建了研学旅行游客满意度影响因素的结构方程模型,并进行了模型的因素恒等性检验。结果表明:影响西递、宏村研学旅行游客满意度的旅游体验因素有文化认知、情感体验、审美体验和学习认知4种类型;从路径系数来看,案例地研学旅行者的文化认知(0.510)对游客满意度影响程度最大,情感体验(0.340)和审美体验(0.224)次之,学习认知(0.212)位居最后;论文构建的传统古村落研学旅行游客满意度结构方程模型具有跨样本稳定性特征。研究结果可为西递、宏村研学旅行课程开发和传统古村落研学旅行高质量发展提供决策参考。
周彬 , 陈园园 , 虞虎 , 刘思怡 , 熊启昊 , 王立龙 . 传统古村落研学旅行游客满意度影响因素研究——以西递、宏村为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022 , 41(5) : 854 -866 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.05.009
Educational tourism is one of the new tourism models in China. For traditional ancient villages, the development of educational tourism is of great significance to innovate and enrich the tourism model, promote the transformation and upgrading of tourism products, and build a people-oriented educational tourism supply system. Taking Xidi and Hongcun—typical ancient villages in southern Anhui Province and World Heritage Sites and national 5A scenic spots—as the study sites and educational tourism tourists (mainly primary and middle school students) as respondents, and based on 547 samples of questionnaire data, this study constructed a structural equation model of the influencing factors of educational tourism tourist satisfaction from the perspective of tourist experience, and conducted a cross-sample stability test of the model. The results show that: 1) The factors that influence the tourist satisfaction on study travel to traditional ancient villages include cultural cognition, emotional experience, aesthetic experience, and learning cognition. Among these factors, tourists have the deepest perception of learning cognition (4.026), followed by aesthetic experience (4.033), cultural cognition (3.884), and emotional experience (3.801). 2) The results of the structural equation model show that cultural cognition, emotional experience, aesthetic experience, and learning cognition of educational tourism tourists in Xidi and Hongcun all have a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of these tourists. In terms of the magnitude of path coefficient, cultural cognition is the primary factor affecting the satisfaction of educational tourism tourists, with a path coefficient of 0.510; emotional experience is the second most influential factor, with a path coefficient of 0.340; aesthetic experience and learning cognition rank third and fourth, with path coefficients of 0.224 and 0.212 respectively. 3) The model has good cross-sample stability. Three nested models were obtained by gradually adding parameter constraints to the benchmark model, and the results show that the chi-square increment and fitting index are generally good, which further supports the research hypothesis. The research results can provide decision-making reference for the scientific development of educational tourism products in Xidi and Hongcun and the high-quality development of educational tourism industry in traditional ancient villages.
表1 探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析结果Tab.1 Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis |
潜在变量 (均值) | 测量题项 | 题项均值 | 探索性因子分析 | 验证性因子分析 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
因子载荷 | 方差贡献率/% | 非标准化系数 | t值 | P | 标准化系数 | CR | AVE | ||||
情感体验 (3.795) | X1感到开心愉悦 | 3.804 | 0.688 | 15.293 | 1 | 0.774 | 0.832 | 0.557 | |||
X2感到心灵自由 | 3.766 | 0.779 | 0.867 | 13.649 | *** | 0.683 | |||||
X3获得成就感 | 3.812 | 0.789 | 1.092 | 13.915 | *** | 0.856 | |||||
X4获得自豪感 | 3.821 | 0.760 | 0.820 | 12.682 | *** | 0.654 | |||||
文化认知 (3.884) | X5历史文化悠久 | 3.737 | 0.821 | 18.203 | 1 | 0.721 | 0.828 | 0.491 | |||
X6文化魅力无穷 | 3.810 | 0.829 | 0.976 | 18.747 | *** | 0.718 | |||||
X7文化底蕴浓厚 | 3.974 | 0.741 | 0.919 | 14.377 | *** | 0.711 | |||||
X8文化资源丰富 | 3.985 | 0.695 | 0.852 | 12.877 | *** | 0.661 | |||||
X9遗产保存完整 | 4.053 | 0.690 | 0.929 | 13.533 | *** | 0.692 | |||||
审美体验 (4.032) | X10乡村风光之美 | 4.018 | 0.763 | 14.767 | 1 | 0.731 | 0.819 | 0.530 | |||
X11文化遗产之美 | 3.963 | 0.771 | 1.031 | 15.066 | *** | 0.715 | |||||
X12民俗文化之美 | 4.099 | 0.764 | 1.101 | 14.679 | *** | 0.742 | |||||
X13徽派建筑之美 | 3.998 | 0.782 | 1.054 | 14.823 | *** | 0.725 | |||||
学习认知 (4.036) | X14提高学习能力 | 4.015 | 0.759 | 15.180 | 1 | 0.753 | 0.798 | 0.498 | |||
X15提高集体意识 | 4.059 | 0.759 | 0.885 | 12.888 | *** | 0.648 | |||||
X16丰富文化知识 | 4.031 | 0.788 | 0.896 | 12.582 | *** | 0.646 | |||||
X17提升操作技能 | 3.804 | 0.784 | 0.986 | 14.94 | *** | 0.766 |
注:***表示P<0.001;CR为组合信度;AVE为公因子的平均方差萃取量。下同。 |
表2 结构模型验证性分析结果(N=547)Tab.2 Result of confirmatory analysis of the structural model (N=547) |
路径 | 非标准化系数 | 标准误 | 组合信度 | P | 标准化系数 | 是否支持原假设 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
情感体验→研学满意度 | 0.166 | 0.046 | 3.581 | *** | 0.340 | 支持H1 |
文化认知→研学满意度 | 0.206 | 0.040 | 5.135 | *** | 0.510 | 支持H2 |
审美体验→研学满意度 | 0.118 | 0.038 | 3.151 | 0.002 | 0.224 | 支持H3 |
学习认知→研学满意度 | 0.110 | 0.038 | 2.925 | 0.003 | 0.212 | 支持H4 |
表3 样本独立验证性因子分析参数估计结果Tab.3 Results of CFA for two independent samples |
维度 | 测量题项 | 测度样本(273个) | 效度样本(274个) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
标准化残差 | 因子载荷 | 标准化残差 | 因子载荷 | |||
情感体验 | X1 感到开心愉悦 | 0.571 | 0.655 | 0.467 | 0.730 | |
X2 感到心灵自由 | 0.590 | 0.640 | 0.578 | 0.650 | ||
X3 获得成就感 | 0.268 | 0.856 | 0.248 | 0.867 | ||
X4 获得自豪感 | 0.490 | 0.714 | 0.559 | 0.664 | ||
文化认知 | X5 历史文化悠久 | 0.448 | 0.743 | 0.477 | 0.723 | |
X6 文化魅力无穷 | 0.473 | 0.726 | 0.457 | 0.737 | ||
X7 文化底蕴浓厚 | 0.442 | 0.747 | 0.525 | 0.689 | ||
X8 文化资源丰富 | 0.515 | 0.641 | 0.613 | 0.622 | ||
X9 遗产保存完整 | 0.571 | 0.697 | 0.605 | 0.629 | ||
审美体验 | X10 乡村风光之美 | 0.542 | 0.677 | 0.397 | 0.777 | |
X11 文化遗产之美 | 0.514 | 0.697 | 0.475 | 0.725 | ||
X12 民俗文化之美 | 0.454 | 0.739 | 0.435 | 0.752 | ||
X13 徽派建筑之美 | 0.523 | 0.691 | 0.421 | 0.761 | ||
学习认知 | X14 提高学习能力 | 0.492 | 0.713 | 0.455 | 0.739 | |
X15 提高集体意识 | 0.443 | 0.746 | 0.568 | 0.658 | ||
X16 丰富文化知识 | 0.445 | 0.745 | 0.574 | 0.652 | ||
X17 提升操作技能 | 0.481 | 0.720 | 0.420 | 0.761 |
表4 双样本独立验证性因子分析之结构模型路径系数Tab.4 Results of SRW on structural model for two independent samples |
结构模型 | 测度样本(273个) | 效度样本(274个) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
路径系数 | CR | P | 路径系数 | CR | P | ||
情感体验→游客满意度 | 0.254 | 2.310 | 0.021 | 0.391 | 2.931 | 0.003 | |
文化认知→游客满意度 | 0.537 | 3.727 | *** | 0.502 | 3.457 | *** | |
审美体验→游客满意度 | 0.222 | 2.007 | 0.045 | 0.208 | 2.144 | 0.032 | |
学习认知→游客满意度 | 0.265 | 2.601 | 0.009 | 0.171 | 1.736 | 0.083 |
表5 效度样本与测度样本拟合指数Tab.5 Goodness-of-fit indicators of different samples |
拟合指数 | 绝对拟合指数 | 增值拟合指数 | 简约拟合指数 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | GFI | AGFI | NFI | RFI | IFI | TLI | CFI | PNFI | PGFI | |||
理想值 | (1, 3) | <0.060 | <0.080 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.500 | >0.50 | ||
测度样本修正模型 | 1.591 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.936 | 0.910 | 0.909 | 0.887 | 0.964 | 0.955 | 0.964 | 0.729 | 0.667 | ||
效度样本修正模型 | 1.801 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.924 | 0.894 | 0.897 | 0.871 | 0.951 | 0.938 | 0.951 | 0.719 | 0.659 |
表6 因素恒等性检验的拟合指数Tab.6 Goodness-of-fit of invariant measurement |
模型 | 限制条件 | χ2 | df | RMSEA | NFI | CFI | GFI | IFI | TLI | 是否恒等 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基准模型 | 形态相同 | 369.715 | 218 | 0.036 | 0.903 | 0.957 | 0.930 | 0.958 | 0.947 | — |
嵌套模型一 | 因子载荷相同,Δχ2(13) = 9.278 | 378.993 | 231 | 0.034 | 0.901 | 0.958 | 0.928 | 0.959 | 0.951 | 是 |
嵌套模型二 | 因子载荷、协方差相同 Δχ2(10) = 12.523 | 391.516 | 241 | 0.034 | 0.897 | 0.958 | 0.926 | 0.958 | 0.952 | 是 |
嵌套模型三 | 因子载荷、协方差、路径系数相同 Δχ2(17) = 14.443 | 405.959 | 258 | 0.032 | 0.894 | 0.958 | 0.923 | 0.958 | 0.956 | 是 |
感谢台州学院董雪旺博士在论文撰写过程中提出的宝贵修改意见!
[1] |
任唤麟, 马小桐. 培根旅游观及其对研学旅游的启示[J]. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(9): 145-150.
[
|
[2] |
白长虹, 王红玉. 以优势行动价值看待研学旅游[J]. 南开学报(哲学社会科学版), 2017(1): 151-159.
[
|
[3] |
陈东军, 谢红彬. 我国研学旅游发展与研究进展[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 598-607.
[
|
[4] |
龚胜生, 李孜沫, 胡娟, 等. 山西省古村落的空间分布与演化研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(3): 416-425.
[
|
[5] |
曹兴平, 贺涵, 冯琴, 等. 基于游客照片的皖南古村落目的地意象: 以安徽宏村为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(5): 933-945.
[
|
[6] |
刘逸, 黄凯旋, 保继刚, 等. 嵌入性对古村落旅游地经济可持续发展的影响机制研究: 以西递、宏村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(1):128-136.
[
|
[7] |
刘改芳, 李亚茹. 古村落集体经济转型影响因素的动态演化研究: 基于山西古村落“煤转旅”个案的质性分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(11): 69-80.
[
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
杨晓. 研学旅行的内涵、 类型与实施策略[J]. 课程·教材·教法, 2018, 38(4): 131-135.
[
|
[12] |
陈光春. 论研学旅行[J]. 河北师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2017, 19(3): 37-40.
[
|
[13] |
殷世东, 汤碧枝. 研学旅行与学生发展核心素养的提升[J]. 东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版), 2019(2): 155-161.
[
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
殷世东. 活态文化视角下中小学研学旅行课程的价值考察[J]. 教育研究, 2019, 40(3): 154-159.
[
|
[18] |
曹华盛, 周春燕. 论中小学生研学旅行课程体系构建[J]. 教育理论与实践, 2020, 40(8): 35-38.
[
|
[19] |
沈晓芳, 陈柏华. 校本视角下的研学旅行课程设计研究[J]. 教学与管理, 2020(3): 73-75.
[
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
汪天颖, 陆林, 路幸福. 徽州村落旅游中游客及东道主的凝视行为[J]. 旅游学刊, 2015, 30(4): 23-32.
[
|
[35] |
郭素玲, 赵宁曦, 张建新, 等. 基于眼动的景观视觉质量评价: 以大学生对宏村旅游景观图片的眼动实验为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(6):1137-1147.
[
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
张志华, 章锦河, 刘泽华, 等. 旅游研究中的问卷调查法应用规范[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(3): 368-375.
[
|
[39] |
温忠麟, 侯杰泰, 马什赫伯特. 结构方程模型检验: 拟合指数与卡方准则[J]. 心理学报, 2004, 36(2):186-194.
[
|
[40] |
吴明隆. 结构方程模型: AMOS务实进阶[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2018: 193.
[
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
|
[53] |
|
[54] |
|
[55] |
|
[56] |
|
[57] |
|
[58] |
|
[59] |
周彬, 王雨桐, 虞虎, 等. 基于结构方程模型的宁波城市居民休闲满意度研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(1): 119-127.
[
|
[60] |
唐文跃, 张腾飞, 龚晶晶. 国内外旅游体验研究进展与启示[J]. 资源开发与市场, 2018, 34(11): 1571-1576, 1551.
[
|
[61] |
周彬, 陈园园, 虞虎, 等. 世界文化遗产地研学旅行者动机: 类型与差异: 以西递宏村为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2021, 35(12): 195-201.
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |