“社会—生态系统”治理研究的原型分析:概念、方法和展望
龚艳青(1990— ),女,湖南益阳人,博士生,主要研究方向为土地经济与制度。E-mail:444631907@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2020-11-17
要求修回日期: 2021-05-12
网络出版日期: 2021-10-28
基金资助
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD013)
版权
Archetype analysis in social-ecological system governance research: Concepts, methods and prospect
Received date: 2020-11-17
Request revised date: 2021-05-12
Online published: 2021-10-28
Supported by
Key Project of Philosophy and Social Science by Ministry of Education(20JZD013)
Copyright
“社会—生态系统”治理的关键挑战是知识的积累和转移。一方面,“社会—生态系统”的情景依赖使得很难得出有关有效治理的一般结论;另一方面,通用的制度设计又可能由于过于抽象而无法应用于具体的问题。这看似是一个“无解”的问题。但是,比较分析现实中成功或失败的治理案例,为寻找“社会—生态系统”治理之道提供了可能。在“社会—生态系统”治理研究中,原型揭示了人与自然互动中反复出现的规律(pattern),成为一种新的研究方法。论文厘清了原型的概念与特征,阐述了原型分析的意义,梳理并评述了原型分析在“社会—生态系统”治理研究领域的进展。研究发现:① 原型分析在一个中间抽象层次上探索解释某个现象的重复模式,可视为案例中的“积木”;② 应将原型分析作为一种基于整体主义的方法论(methodological holism)来理解,而不是一种特定的方法、框架或理论;③ 原型分析能促进案例研究知识的积累与转移、“兼容”多种研究方法并在“社会—生态系统”治理中实现一定程度的预测性;④ 原型分析基于“类型—子类型”的多层次分析,有助于找到复杂“社会—生态系统”中的“强”因果关系;⑤ 原型不仅是研究的结果,也是研究的起点,对原型的测试、修正、完善和可信度检验是未来研究的重要方向。
龚艳青 , 谭荣 . “社会—生态系统”治理研究的原型分析:概念、方法和展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021 , 40(8) : 1430 -1438 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.08.015
A key challenge of social-ecological system governance is to effectively accumulate and transfer successful strategies across heterogeneous contexts. The context-dependence of social-ecological dynamics makes it extremely difficult to draw general conclusions about the determinants of effective governance. Generic design factors can be too abstract to be applied to concrete problems because every case is different. Archetype analysis is a particularly salient approach in this regard that helps researchers to understand and compare patterns of (un)sustainability in heterogeneous cases. This article clarifies the concept and characteristics of archetype, expounds on the significance of archetype analysis, and reviews the progress of archetype analysis in the key research fields of social-ecological system governance. The result reveals that: 1) Archetype analysis generally investigates recurrent patterns of the phenomenon of interest at an intermediate level of abstraction to identify multiple models that explain the phenomenon under specific conditions. 2) Archetype analysis is best conceived as a methodological approach, rather than a particular method, framework, or theory. 3) Archetype analysis can promote the accumulation and transfer of case study knowledge, is compatibility with multiple research methods, and can achieve a certain degree of predictability in social-ecological system governance. 4) Archetype analysis is based on "type-subtype" multi-level analysis, which helps to find the "strong" causality of the complex social-ecological system. 5) Archetype is not only the result of the research but also the starting point of the research. The test, modification, improvement, and validation of the archetype are also an important direction of future research.
表1 原型的建构Tab.1 Setup of archetype |
日期 | 诊断属性 | 设计属性 | 结果属性 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下雨 | 阴凉 | 刮风 | 炎热 | 雨伞 | 毛衣 | T恤 | 舒适 | 难受 | |||
1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
3 | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||
4 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
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