城市公交车微环境对乘客舒适度的非线性影响
张琳(1993— ),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,博士,讲师,研究方向为交通地理、经济地理。E-mail:linzhang3166@163.com |
收稿日期: 2020-08-01
要求修回日期: 2020-12-22
网络出版日期: 2021-08-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41871148)
国家自然科学基金项目(71961137003)
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202010002)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2020A1515110623)
香港研究资助局研究项目(14605920)
香港研究资助局研究项目(C4023-20GF)
版权
Nonlinear effects of bus micro-environments on passengers’ comfort
Received date: 2020-08-01
Request revised date: 2020-12-22
Online published: 2021-08-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871148)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(71961137003)
Key-area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0202010002)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110623)
Hong Kong Research Grants Council(14605920)
Hong Kong Research Grants Council(C4023-20GF)
Copyright
公交车是服务居民日常活动—出行的重要微观空间,也是城市公共空间的组成部分。目前,车厢内微环境污染及其对乘客的负面效应已引起广泛关注。然而,国内外鲜少有研究分析公交车微环境对乘客舒适度的非线性影响,也尚未探测各个微环境变量影响舒适度的阈值以及乘客的最佳微环境暴露水平。论文在广州6条典型公交线路上同时收集车内微环境实时监测数据、乘客问卷调查数据、公交出行属性数据和公交车外部环境,采用随机森林算法构建公交车微环境与乘客舒适度之间的非线性模型并展开分析。研究表明,公交车内温度、相对湿度、PM2.5浓度、噪声和载客量均对舒适度有非线性影响,但影响程度各不相同。当车内温度为23.5~28.0 ℃、相对湿度为45%~58%、PM2.5浓度<28 μg/m³、噪声<75 dB、载客量为8~26人时,有助于乘客在车厢微环境中拥有良好的舒适度水平。论文研究结果与现行环境标准存在一定差异,相关研究结论对城市微观空间规划与治理、微环境标准制定和交通管理有显著的政策启示和实践意义。
张琳 , 周素红 , 关美宝 , 陈菲 . 城市公交车微环境对乘客舒适度的非线性影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021 , 40(6) : 967 -979 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.06.007
Buses play an important role in the daily travel of urban residents. Bus micro-environmental pollution and its adverse impacts on passengers' physical and psychological well-being has become an increasing concern among the general public, researchers, and policymakers. However, few studies have examined the nonlinear effects of bus micro-environments on passengers' comfort, analyzed the threshold values of multiple micro-environmental variables, and ascertained the optimal micro-environmental exposure levels for passengers. In this study, real-time monitoring data of bus micro-environments, questionnaire survey data of 520 passengers, travel characteristics, and environments outside the buses were simultaneously collected on six bus routes in Guangzhou City. Nonlinear regression models constructed by random forest were then employed to explore the relationships between bus micro-environments and passengers' comfort. The results show that in-bus temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentrations, noise, and passenger load have nonlinear effects on the comfort, but the importance and mechanism of each micro-environmental variable in influencing comfort is different. Passengers have a higher degree of comfort when in-bus temperature is 23.5-28.0 ℃, relative humidity is 45%-58%, PM2.5 concentrations are lower than 28 μg/m³, noise level is lower than 75 dB, and passenger load is 8-26 persons. Also, there are some differences between the optimal micro-environmental exposure levels identified in this study and current environmental standards. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for policymakers, transportation planners, and bus operators when improving bus micro-environments and promoting passengers' comfort.
表1 变量统计描述Tab.1 Descriptive statistics of variables |
变量 | 变化范围 | 平均值或百分比 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
公交车微环境 | 温度/℃ | 21.8~34.8 | 28.7 | |
相对湿度/% | 31~66 | 45 | ||
PM2.5浓度/(μg/m³) | 4.57~82.68 | 23.68 | ||
噪声/dB | 54.4~80.9 | 71.8 | ||
载客量/人 | 3~58 | 20 | ||
舒适度 | 9~30 | 26.77 | ||
个体属性 | 性别 | 女 | 50.38% | |
男 | 49.62% | |||
年龄 | 19~44岁 | 67.31% | ||
45~59岁 | 24.04% | |||
≥60岁 | 8.65% | |||
乘车情绪 | 7~25 | 23.10 | ||
出行特征 | 从上一活动地点至公交车站的步行时长/min | 0~33 | 7 | |
候车时长/min | 0~20 | 7 | ||
乘车时长/min | 7~111 | 29 | ||
座位使用 | 有座位 | 88.65% | ||
站立 | 11.35% | |||
车速/道路拥堵程度 | 1~3 | 2.72 | ||
公交车外部环境 | 公交车外部温度/℃ | 27.0~35.0 | 31.0 | |
公交车外部PM2.5浓度/(μg/m³) | 6.00~25.00 | 16.36 |
表2 影响舒适度的变量重要性评价Tab.2 Importance of variables that affect passengers' comfort |
变量 | IncMSE/% | |
---|---|---|
公交车微环境 | 温度 | 6.34 |
相对湿度 | 4.93 | |
PM2.5浓度 | 7.22 | |
噪声 | 3.82 | |
载客量 | 1.95 | |
个体属性 | 性别 | 1.38 |
年龄 | 3.15 | |
乘车情绪 | 45.89 | |
出行特征 | 从上一活动地点至公交车站的步行时长 | 0.99 |
候车时长 | 1.15 | |
乘车时长 | 10.06 | |
座位使用 | 2.07 | |
车速/道路拥堵程度 | 0.13 | |
公交车外部环境 | 公交车外部温度 | 1.42 |
公交车外部PM2.5浓度 | 2.10 |
表3 研究结果和现行相关环境标准的对比Tab.3 Comparison of the research findings with current environmental standards |
公交车微环境 | 保持良好舒适度的公交微环境水平 | 现行有关环境标准 |
---|---|---|
温度/℃ | 23.5~28.0 | 22~28 |
相对湿度/% | 45~58 | 40~80 |
PM2.5浓度/(μg/m³) | <28 | <75 |
噪声/dB | <75 | <84 |
载客量/人 | 8~26 | — |
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