中国大运河沿线城市扩张时空差异研究
施利锋(1990— ),男,江苏启东人,博士后,主要从事土地利用分类与城市扩展遥感监测研究。E-mail: shilf@nju.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2018-06-13
要求修回日期: 2019-02-11
网络出版日期: 2019-08-25
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA061)
江苏省水利科技项目(2018041)
版权
Spatiotemporal differences of urban expansion along China’s Grand Canal
Received date: 2018-06-13
Request revised date: 2019-02-11
Online published: 2019-08-25
Supported by
Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(17ZDA061)
Hydraulic and Technological Program of Jiangsu Province(2018041)
Copyright
自20世纪80年代以来,中国大运河沿线城市建成区规模、空间扩张模式以及空间分布特征都发生了显著变化。虽然当前不缺乏大运河重要河段以及沿线典型城市的研究,但对于大运河沿线城市整体扩张的研究较为少见。论文结合统计数据与遥感数据分析了1984—2016年中国大运河沿线城市建成区扩张速度特征、空间特征以及区域差异。结果显示:① 中国大运河沿线城市建成区扩张速度特征可被归纳为4类,不同类别之间差异显著;② 基于遥感影像提取的运河沿线城市建成区面积通常为相同城市对应年份的统计年鉴中建成区面积的1~2倍;③ 运河沿线城市建成区空间分布整体趋于离散、破碎,江浙地区运河沿线城市的建成区空间分布最离散、破碎,且离散度增长最剧烈。
施利锋 , 黄贤金 . 中国大运河沿线城市扩张时空差异研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019 , 38(8) : 1206 -1216 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.08.009
Since the 1980s, with demands from water conservancy projects, the rise of canal tourism, and the proposal of the national canal cultural development strategy, the China's Grand Canal has been reviving. At the same time, the size, expansion pattern, and spatial distribution of built-up areas along the Grand Canal have experienced significant changes, with far-reaching effects on city traffic, communication, production, daily life, and public facilities. There have been abundant studies on the key river sections or typical cities. However, there is a general lack of research on the overall expansion of cities along the Grand Canal. In this study, 35 cities along China's Grand Canal were selected as the research subjects. The research area covered two municipalities and six provinces from north to south. Statistical data and remote sensing data were combined in this study for analyzing urban expansion speed, urban expansion pattern, and regional differences of cities along the Grand Canal during 1984-2016. All statistical data were collected from statistical yearbooks. Landsat images were the main data source for urban land mapping. Dispersion index (DI) was applied in this study. The index is a new landscape metric, which was developed for describing the structures and distributions of geographic elements in a region. The results show that: 1) The cities can be classified into four types according to the characteristics of the speed of expansion. Class one contains Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces, where urban land expansion speed increased dramatically after 2000 and decreased latter. Class two contains Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality, where urban land expansion speed increased moderately but decreased dramatically latter. Class three contains Beijing, where the highest expansion speed appeared in 2000 and then changed dramatically. Class four contains Henan Province, where expansion speed of urban land changed moderately before and after 2000. 2) Urban built-up areas extracted from remote sensing images are generally larger than urban built-up areas collected from statistical yearbooks. The former is usually between 1-2 times of the latter, and urban expansion in northern China mainly extended around one center, but urban expansions in southern China gradually became polycentric. 3) The spatial distribution of built-up areas in most cities tends to become dispersed and discontinuous, and cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces are more remarkable in this respect. The spatial distribution of built-up areas in Beijing was most integrated and compact. The growth of DI values of built-up areas in Hebei Province was the lowest and urban land expansion there was slow. With the successful application for World Heritage of the Grand Canal and the proposal of the Grand Canal cultural development strategy, the construction of the Grand Canal culture belt and the development of canal tourism will become an important measure for promoting the joint development of different regions.
图2 5种随机斑块离散度下图斑的分布特征注:引自Taubenböck et al, 2014。倾斜的红色虚线为离散度指数等值线。 Fig.2 Patch distribution characteristics of five random dispersion index (DI) values |
表1 35个城市遥感影像建成区面积与统计年鉴建成区面积比较Tab.1 Comparison of built-up areas based on remote sensing and statistical data (km2) |
城市 | 1987年建成区面积 | 2010年建成区面积 | 城市 | 1987年建成区面积 | 2010年建成区面积 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
统计年鉴 | 遥感监测 | 统计年鉴 | 遥感监测 | 统计年鉴 | 遥感监测 | 统计年鉴 | 遥感监测 | ||
北京 | 387 | 407 | 1225 | 1848 | 济宁 | 19 | 30 | 89 | 91 |
天津 | 314 | 349 | 687 | 1363 | 枣庄 | 33 | 40 | 109 | 122 |
廊坊 | 12 | 19 | 59 | 89 | 徐州 | 55 | 69 | 239 | 273 |
沧州 | 25 | 33 | 46 | 65 | 宿迁 | 9 | 14 | 65 | 102 |
衡水 | 13 | 22 | 44 | 51 | 淮安 | 13 | 18 | 120 | 210 |
邢台 | 22 | 33 | 70 | 75 | 扬州 | 21 | 40 | 82 | 183 |
邯郸 | 61 | 64 | 111 | 115 | 镇江 | 27 | 38 | 109 | 138 |
安阳 | 30 | 48 | 76 | 112 | 常州 | 36 | 60 | 153 | 348 |
鹤壁 | 12 | 18 | 51 | 53 | 无锡 | 48 | 69 | 231 | 396 |
新乡 | 40 | 46 | 97 | 111 | 苏州 | 35 | 54 | 329 | 646 |
焦作 | 33 | 46 | 90 | 95 | 淮北 | 21 | 36 | 63 | 94 |
商丘 | 15 | 33 | 60 | 106 | 宿州 | 12 | 16 | 53 | 64 |
开封 | 41 | 49 | 94 | 96 | 湖州 | 15 | 16 | 78 | 81 |
郑州 | 74 | 112 | 343 | 417 | 嘉兴 | 18 | 21 | 85 | 89 |
洛阳 | 42 | 69 | 181 | 192 | 杭州 | 66 | 82 | 413 | 435 |
德州 | 22 | 34 | 89 | 98 | 绍兴 | 14 | 22 | 100 | 125 |
聊城 | 17 | 24 | 69 | 72 | 宁波 | 42 | 47 | 272 | 298 |
泰安 | 18 | 24 | 77 | 86 | 合计 | 1662 | 2102 | 6099 | 8739 |
表2 20世纪80年代末和2010年35个城市建成区离散度指数Tab.2 Dispersion index (DI) of the built-up areas of 35 cities in the late 1980s and 2010 |
城市 | 建成区离散度指数 | 城市 | 建成区离散度指数 | 城市 | 建成区离散度指数 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980年代末 | 2010年 | 1980年代末 | 2010年 | 1980年代末 | 2010年 | |||
北京 | 10 | 13 | 洛阳 | 17 | 19 | 淮北 | 18 | 22 |
天津 | 17 | 20 | 德州 | 18 | 21 | 宿州 | 12 | 14 |
廊坊 | 16 | 15 | 聊城 | 13 | 17 | 湖州 | 17 | 25 |
沧州 | 16 | 15 | 泰安 | 16 | 20 | 嘉兴 | 19 | 23 |
衡水 | 18 | 19 | 济宁 | 15 | 22 | 杭州 | 34 | 44 |
邢台 | 14 | 17 | 枣庄 | 19 | 23 | 绍兴 | 23 | 42 |
邯郸 | 11 | 13 | 徐州 | 31 | 36 | 宁波 | 32 | 38 |
安阳 | 15 | 19 | 宿迁 | 27 | 35 | 河北均值 | 15 | 16 |
鹤壁 | 19 | 22 | 淮安 | 16 | 31 | 河南均值 | 17 | 20 |
新乡 | 22 | 23 | 扬州 | 27 | 39 | 山东均值 | 16 | 21 |
焦作 | 16 | 18 | 镇江 | 25 | 32 | 江苏均值 | 28 | 36 |
商丘 | 15 | 17 | 常州 | 30 | 35 | 安徽均值 | 15 | 18 |
开封 | 14 | 18 | 无锡 | 37 | 35 | 浙江均值 | 25 | 34 |
郑州 | 17 | 21 | 苏州 | 34 | 43 | 总均值 | 20 | 25 |
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